fMRI和MEG研究出版物中的EyeLink眼动仪

@article{Minarik2023,

title = {Optimal parameters for rapid (invisible) frequency tagging using MEG},

author = {Tamas Minarik and Barbara Berger and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120389},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {281},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Frequency tagging has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for identifying representational-specific neuronal activity in the auditory and visual domains. However, the slow flicker (<30 Hz) applied in conventional frequency tagging studies is highly visible and might entrain endogenous neuronal oscillations. Hence, stimulation at faster frequencies that is much less visible and does not interfere with endogenous brain oscillatory activity is a promising new tool. In this study, we set out to examine the optimal stimulation parameters of rapid frequency tagging (RFT/RIFT) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) by quantifying the effects of stimulation frequency, size and position of the flickering patch. Rapid frequency tagging using flickers above 50 Hz results in almost invisible stimulation which does not interfere with slower endogenous oscillations; however, the signal is weaker as compared to tagging at slower frequencies so certainty over the optimal parameters of stimulation delivery are crucial. The here presented results examining the frequency range between 60 Hz and 96 Hz suggest that RFT induces brain responses with decreasing strength up to about 84 Hz. In addition, even at the smallest flicker patch (2°) focally presented RFT induces a significant and measurable oscillatory brain signal (steady state visual evoked potential/field, SSVEP/F) at the stimulation frequency (66 Hz); however, the elicited response increases with patch size. While focal RFT presentation elicits the strongest response, off-centre presentations do generally mainly elicit a measureable response if presented below the horizontal midline. Importantly, the results also revealed considerable individual differences in the neuronal responses to RFT stimulation. Finally, we discuss the comparison of oscillatory measures (coherence and power) and sensor types (planar gradiometers and magnetometers) in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Based on our extensive findings we set forward concrete recommendations for using rapid frequency tagging in human cognitive neuroscience investigations.},

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}

@article{Pan2023b,

title = {Saccades are locked to the phase of alpha oscillations during natural reading},

author = {Yali Pan and Tzvetan Popov and Steven Frisson and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3001968},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Biology},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1–19},

abstract = {AU We:saccade Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly 3 to 5 times per second when reading. However,:little is known about the neuronal mechanisms coordinating the oculomotor and visual system during such rapid processing. Here, we ask if brain oscillations play a role in the temporal coordination of the visuomotor integration. We simultaneously acquired MEG and eye-tracking data while participants read sentences silently. Every sentence was embedded with a target word of either high or low lexical frequency. Our key finding demonstrated that saccade onsets were locked to the phase of alpha oscillations (8 to 13 Hz), and in particular, for saccades towards low frequency words. Source modelling demonstrated that the alpha oscillations to which the saccades were locked, were generated in the right-visual motor cortex (BA 7). Our findings suggest that the alpha oscillations serve to time the processing between the oculomotor and visual systems during natural reading, and that this coordination becomes more pronounced for demanding words.},

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}

@article{Popov2023,

title = {Cortico-ocular coupling in the service of episodic memory formation},

author = {Tzvetan Popov and Tobias Staudigl},

doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102476},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},

volume = {227},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Encoding of visual information is a necessary requirement for most types of episodic memories. In search for a neural signature of memory formation, amplitude modulation of neural activity has been repeatedly shown to correlate with and suggested to be functionally involved in successful memory encoding. We here report a complementary view on why and how brain activity relates to memory, indicating a functional role of cortico-ocular interactions for episodic memory formation. Recording simultaneous magnetoencephalography and eye tracking in 35 human participants, we demonstrate that gaze variability and amplitude modulations of alpha/beta oscillations (10–20 Hz) in visual cortex covary and predict subsequent memory performance between and within participants. Amplitude variation during pre-stimulus baseline was associated with gaze direction variability, echoing the co-variation observed during scene encoding. We conclude that encoding of visual information engages unison coupling between oculomotor and visual areas in the service of memory formation.},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Rehbein2023,

title = {Non-invasive stimulation reveals ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in reward prediction and reward processing},

author = {Maimu Alissa Rehbein and Thomas Kroker and Constantin Winker and Lena Ziehfreund and Anna Reschke and Jens Bölte and Miroslaw Wyczesany and Kati Roesmann and Ida Wessing and Markus Junghöfer},

doi = {10.3389/fnins.2023.1219029},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {17},

pages = {1–22},

abstract = {Introduction: Studies suggest an involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward prediction and processing, with reward-based learning relying on neural activity in response to unpredicted rewards or non-rewards (reward prediction error, RPE). Here, we investigated the causal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction, processing, and RPE signaling by transiently modulating vmPFC excitability using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Methods: Participants received excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC before completing a gambling task, in which cues signaled varying reward probabilities and symbols provided feedback on monetary gain or loss. We collected self-reported and evaluative data on reward prediction and processing. In addition, cue-locked and feedback-locked neural activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupil diameter using eye-tracking were recorded. Results: Regarding reward prediction (cue-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased prefrontal activation preceding loss predictions, increased pupil dilations, and tentatively more optimistic reward predictions. Regarding reward processing (feedback-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased pleasantness, increased vmPFC activation, especially for unpredicted gains (i.e., gain RPEs), decreased perseveration in choice behavior after negative feedback, and increased pupil dilations. Discussion: Our results support the pivotal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction and processing. Furthermore, they suggest that transient vmPFC excitation via tDCS induces a positive bias into the reward system that leads to enhanced anticipation and appraisal of positive outcomes and improves reward-based learning, as indicated by greater behavioral flexibility after losses and unpredicted outcomes, which can be seen as an improved reaction to the received feedback.},

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@article{Sandhaeger2023,

title = {Abstract perceptual choice signals during action-linked decisions in the human brain},

author = {Florian Sandhaeger and Nina Omejc and Anna Antonia Pape and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Biology},

volume = {21},

number = {10},

pages = {1–27},

abstract = {Humans can make abstract choices independent of motor actions. However, in laboratory tasks, choices are typically reported with an associated action. Consequentially, knowledge about the neural representation of abstract choices is sparse, and choices are often thought to evolve as motor intentions. Here, we show that in the human brain, perceptual choices are represented in an abstract, motor-independent manner, even when they are directly linked to an action. We measured MEG signals while participants made choices with known or unknown motor response mapping. Using multivariate decoding, we quantified stimulus, perceptual choice, and motor response information with distinct cortical distributions. Choice representations were invariant to whether the response mapping was known during stimulus presentation, and they occupied a distinct representational space from motor signals. As expected from an internal decision variable, they were informed by the stimuli, and their strength predicted decision confidence and accuracy. Our results demonstrate abstract neural choice signals that generalize to action-linked decisions, suggesting a general role of an abstract choice stage in human decision-making.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Szul2023,

title = {Diverse beta burst waveform motifs characterize movement-related cortical dynamics},

author = {Maciej J. Szul and Sotirios Papadopoulos and Sanaz Alavizadeh and Sébastien Daligaut and Denis Schwartz and Jérémie Mattout and James J. Bonaiuto},

doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102490},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},

volume = {228},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {Classical analyses of induced, frequency-specific neural activity typically average band-limited power over trials. More recently, it has become widely appreciated that in individual trials, beta band activity occurs as transient bursts rather than amplitude-modulated oscillations. Most studies of beta bursts treat them as unitary, and having a stereotyped waveform. However, we show there is a wide diversity of burst shapes. Using a biophysical model of burst generation, we demonstrate that waveform variability is predicted by variability in the synaptic drives that generate beta bursts. We then use a novel, adaptive burst detection algorithm to identify bursts from human MEG sensor data recorded during a joystick-based reaching task, and apply principal component analysis to burst waveforms to define a set of dimensions, or motifs, that best explain waveform variance. Finally, we show that bursts with a particular range of waveform motifs, ones not fully accounted for by the biophysical model, differentially contribute to movement-related beta dynamics. Sensorimotor beta bursts are therefore not homogeneous events and likely reflect distinct computational processes.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voigtlaender2023,

title = {Neural representations of the content and production of human vocalization},

author = {Vera A. Voigtlaender and Florian Sandhaeger and David J. Hawellek and Steffen R. Hage and Markus Siegel},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219310120},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},

volume = {120},

number = {23},

pages = {1–9},

abstract = {Speech, as the spoken form of language, is fundamental for human communication. The phenomenon of covert inner speech implies functional independence of speech content and motor production. However, it remains unclear how a flexible mapping between speech content and production is achieved on the neural level. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography in humans performing a rule-based vocalization task. On each trial, vocalization content (one of two vowels) and production form (overt or covert) were instructed independently. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found robust neural information about vocalization content and produc- tion, mostly originating from speech areas of the left hemisphere. Production signals dynamically transformed upon presentation of the content cue, whereas content signals remained largely stable throughout the trial. In sum, our results show dissociable neural representations of vocalization content and production in the human brain and provide insights into the neural dynamics underlying human vocalization.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wienke2023,

title = {Phasic, event-related transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modifies behavioral, pupillary, and low-frequency oscillatory power responses},

author = {Christian Wienke and Marcus Grueschow and Aiden Haghikia and Tino Zaehle},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0452-23.2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {36},

pages = {6306–6319},

abstract = {Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been proposed to activate the locus ceruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. However, previous studies failed to find consistent modulatory effects of taVNS on LC-NA biomarkers. Previous studies suggest that phasic taVNS may be capable of modulating LC-NA biomarkers such as pupil dilation and alpha oscillations. However, it is unclear whether these effects extend beyond pure sensory vagal nerve responses. Critically, the potential of the pupillary light reflex as an additional taVNS biomarker has not been explored so far. Here, we applied phasic active and sham taVNS in 29 subjects (16 female, 13 male) while they performed an emotional Stroop task (EST) and a passive pupil light reflex task (PLRT). We recorded pupil size and brain activity dynamics using a combined Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupillometry design. Our results show that phasic taVNS significantly increased pupil dilation and performance during the EST. During the PLRT, active taVNS reduced and delayed pupil constriction. In the MEG, taVNS increased frontal-midline theta and alpha power during the EST, whereas occipital alpha power was reduced during both the EST and PLRT. Our findings provide evidence that phasic taVNS systematically modulates behavioral, pupillary, and electrophysiological parameters of LC-NA activity during cognitive processing. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the pupillary light reflex can be used as a simple and effective proxy of taVNS efficacy. These findings have important implications for the development of noninvasive neuromodulation interventions for various cognitive and clinical applications.},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Zhigalov2023,

title = {Perceptual echoes as travelling waves may arise from two discrete neuronal sources},

author = {Alexander Zhigalov and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120047},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {272},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that travelling waves are functionally relevant for cognitive operations in the brain. Several electroencephalography (EEG) studies report on a perceptual alpha-echo, representing the brain response to a random visual flicker, propagating as a travelling wave across the cortical surface. In this study, we ask if the propagating activity of the alpha-echo is best explained by a set of discrete sources mixing at the sensor level rather than a cortical travelling wave. To this end, we presented participants with gratings modulated by random noise and simultaneously acquired the ongoing MEG. The perceptual alpha-echo was estimated using the temporal response function linking the visual input to the brain response. At the group level, we observed a spatial decay of the amplitude of the alpha-echo with respect to the sensor where the alpha-echo was the largest. Importantly, the propagation latencies consistently increased with the distance. Interestingly, the propagation of the alpha-echoes was predominantly centro-lateral, while EEG studies reported mainly posterior-frontal propagation. Moreover, the propagation speed of the alpha-echoes derived from the MEG data was around 10 m/s, which is higher compared to the 2 m/s reported in EEG studies. Using source modelling, we found an early component in the primary visual cortex and a phase-lagged late component in the parietal cortex, which may underlie the travelling alpha-echoes at the sensor level. We then simulated the alpha-echoes using realistic EEG and MEG forward models by placing two sources in the parietal and occipital cortices in accordance with our empirical findings. The two-source model could account for both the direction and speed of the observed alpha-echoes in the EEG and MEG data. Our results demonstrate that the propagation of the perceptual echoes observed in EEG and MEG data can be explained by two sources mixing at the scalp level equally well as by a cortical travelling wave. Importantly, these findings should not be directly extrapolated to intracortical recordings, where travelling waves gradually propagate at a sub-millimetre scale.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhou2023d,

title = {Alpha oscillations protect working memory against distracters in a modality-specific way},

author = {Ying Joey Zhou and Aarti Ramchandran and Saskia Haegens},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120290},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {278},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Alpha oscillations are thought to be involved in suppressing distracting input in working-memory tasks. Yet, the spatial-temporal dynamics of such suppression remain unclear. Key questions are whether such suppression reflects a domain-general inattentiveness mechanism, or occurs in a stimulus- or modality-specific manner within cortical areas most responsive to the distracters; and whether the suppression is proactive (i.e., preparatory) or reactive. Here, we addressed these questions using a working-memory task where participants had to memorize an array of visually presented digits and reproduce one of them upon being probed. We manipulated the presence of distracters and the sensory modality in which distracters were presented during memory maintenance. Our results show that sensory areas most responsive to visual and auditory distracters exhibited stronger alpha power increase after visual and auditory distracter presentation respectively. These results suggest that alpha oscillations underlie distracter suppression in a reactive, modality-specific manner.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mouga2022,

title = {Parahippocampal deactivation and hyperactivation of central executive, saliency and social cognition networks in autism spectrum disorder},

author = {Susana Mouga and Isabel Catarina Duarte and Cátia Café and Daniela Sousa and Frederico Duque and Guiomar Oliveira and Miguel Castelo-Branco},

doi = {10.1186/s11689-022-09417-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd},

abstract = {Background: The concomitant role of the Central Executive, the Saliency and the Social Cognition networks in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in demanding ecological tasks remains unanswered. We addressed this question using a novel task-based fMRI virtual-reality task mimicking a challenging daily-life chore that may present some difficulties to individuals with ASD: the EcoSupermarketX. Methods: Participants included 29 adolescents: 15 with ASD and 15 with typical neurodevelopment (TD). They performed the EcoSupermarketX (a shopping simulation with three goal-oriented sub-tasks including “no cue”, “non-social” or “social” cues), during neuroimaging and eye-tracking. Results: ASD differed from TD only in total time and distance to complete the “social cue” sub-task with matched eye-tracking measures. Neuroimaging revealed simultaneous hyperactivation across social, executive, and saliency circuits in ASD. In contrast, ASD showed reduced activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, involved in scene recognition. Conclusions: When performing a virtual shopping task matching the performance of controls, ASD adolescents hyperactivate three core networks: executive, saliency and social cognition. Parahippocampal hypoactivation is consistent with effortless eidetic scene processing, in line with the notion of peaks and valleys of neural recruitment in individuals with ASD. These hyperactivation/hypoactivation patterns in daily life tasks provide a circuit-level signature of neural diversity in ASD, a possible intervention target.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sharp2022,

title = {Spatial attention tunes temporal processing in early visual cortex by speeding and slowing alpha oscillations},

author = {Poppy Sharp and Tjerk Gutteling and David Melcher and Clayton Hickey},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0509-22.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {41},

pages = {7824–7832},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {The perception of dynamic visual stimuli relies on two apparently conflicting perceptual mechanisms: rapid visual input must sometimes be integrated into unitary percepts but at other times must be segregated or parsed into separate objects or events. Though they have opposite effects on our perceptual experience, the deployment of spatial attention benefits both operations. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impact of spatial attention on temporal perception. Here, we record magnetoencephalography (MEG) in male and female humans to demonstrate that the deployment of spatial attention for the purpose of segregating or integrating visual stimuli impacts prestimulus oscillatory activity in retinotopic visual brain areas where the attended location is represented. Alpha band oscillations contralateral to an attended location are therefore faster than ipsilateral oscillations when stimuli appearing at this location will need to be segregated, but slower in expectation of the need for integration, consistent with the idea that a frequency is linked to perceptual sampling rate. These results demonstrate a novel interaction between temporal visual processing and the allocation of attention in space.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wynn2022,

title = {Neural correlates of subsequent memory-related gaze reinstatement},

author = {Jordana S. Wynn and Zhong-Xu Liu and Jennifer D. Ryan},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01761},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {9},

pages = {1547–1562},

publisher = {MIT Press Journals},

abstract = {Mounting evidence linking gaze reinstatement—the recapitulation of encoding-related gaze patterns during retrieval—to behavioral measures of memory suggests that eye movements play an important role in mnemonic processing. Yet, the nature of the gaze scanpath, including its informational content and neural correlates, has remained in question. In this study, we examined eye movement and neural data from a recognition memory task to further elucidate the behavioral and neural bases of functional gaze reinstatement. Consistent with previous work, gaze reinstatement during retrieval of freely viewed scene images was greater than chance and predictive of recognition memory performance. Gaze reinstatement was also associated with viewing of informationally salient image regions at encoding, suggesting that scanpaths may encode and contain high-level scene content. At the brain level, gaze reinstatement was predicted by encoding-related activity in the occipital pole and BG, neural regions associated with visual processing and oculomotor control. Finally, cross-voxel brain pattern similarity analysis revealed overlapping subsequent memory and subsequent gaze reinstatement modulation effects in the parahippocampal place area and hippocampus, in addition to the occipital pole and BG. Together, these findings suggest that encoding-related activity in brain regions associated with scene processing, oculomotor control, and memory supports the formation, and subsequent recapitulation, of functional scanpaths. More broadly, these findings lend support to Scanpath Theory's assertion that eye movements both encode, and are themselves embedded in, mnemonic representations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helmchen2022a,

title = {NPTX1-related oculomotor apraxia: An intra-hemispheric disconnection disorder},

author = {Christoph Helmchen and Philipp J. Koch and Gabriel Girard and Norbert Brüggemann and Björn Machner and Andreas Sprenger},

doi = {10.1007/s00415-022-11057-3},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurology},

volume = {269},

number = {7},

pages = {3931–3936},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Oculomotor apraxia (OMA) is a rare and heavily disabling neurological disorder causing severe difficulties in the initia- tion and maintenance of voluntary eye movements when the head is stationary. If patients try to initiate saccades, they are grossly delayed and hypometric (stair-case). .. The aim of this study was to test competing pathophysiological hypotheses by functional and structural MRI, stating that OMA is related to either abnormal (i) inter-hemispheric or (ii) intra-hemispheric connectivity between the FEF and related oculomotor structures (oculomotor network) or (iii) both mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Radetz2022,

title = {Spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation},

author = {Angela Radetz and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1801-21.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {18},

pages = {3836–3846},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation, which has profound effects on neuronal processing, cognition, and behavior. However, little is known about the cortical control and effects of pupil-linked neuromodulation. Here, we show that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled to temporally, spectrally, and spatially specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical population activity in the human brain. We quantified the dynamics of band-limited cortical population activity in resting human subjects using magnetoencephalography and investigated how neural dynamics were linked to simultaneously recorded pupil dynamics. Our results show that pupil-linked neuromodulation does not merely affect cortical population activity in a stereotypical fashion. Instead, we identified three frontal, precentral, and occipitoparietal networks, in which local population activity with distinct spectral profiles in the theta, beta, and alpha bands temporally preceded and followed changes in pupil size. Furthermore, we found that amplitude coupling at;16 Hz in a large-scale frontoparietal network predicted pupil dynamics. Our results unravel network-specific spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation in the human brain that likely reflect both the causes and effects of neuromodulation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Allen2022,

title = {A massive 7T fMRI dataset to bridge cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence},

author = {Emily J. Allen and Ghislain St-Yves and Yihan Wu and Jesse L. Breedlove and Jacob S. Prince and Logan T. Dowdle and Matthias Nau and Brad Caron and Franco Pestilli and Ian Charest and J. Benjamin Hutchinson and Thomas Naselaris and Kendrick Kay},

doi = {10.1038/s41593-021-00962-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Neuroscience},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {116–126},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Extensive sampling of neural activity during rich cognitive phenomena is critical for robust understanding of brain function. Here we present the Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD), in which high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to tens of thousands of richly annotated natural scenes were measured while participants performed a continuous recognition task. To optimize data quality, we developed and applied novel estimation and denoising techniques. Simple visual inspections of the NSD data reveal clear representational transformations along the ventral visual pathway. Further exemplifying the inferential power of the dataset, we used NSD to build and train deep neural network models that predict brain activity more accurately than state-of-the-art models from computer vision. NSD also includes substantial resting-state and diffusion data, enabling network neuroscience perspectives to constrain and enhance models of perception and memory. Given its unprecedented scale, quality and breadth, NSD opens new avenues of inquiry in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beffara2022,

title = {Dynamic causal interactions between occipital and parietal cortex explain how endogenous spatial attention and stimulus-driven salience jointly shape the distribution of processing priorities in 2D visual space},

author = {Bertrand Beffara and Fadila Hadj-Bouziane and Suliann Ben Hamed and C. Nico Boehler and Leonardo Chelazzi and Elisa Santandrea and Emiliano Macaluso},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119206},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {255},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Visuo-spatial attention prioritizes the processing of relevant inputs via different types of signals, including current goals and stimulus salience. Complex mixtures of these signals engage in everyday life situations, but little is known about how these signals jointly modulate distributed patterns of activity across the occipital regions that represent visual space. Here, we measured spatio-topic, quadrant-specific occipital activity during the processing of visual displays containing both task-relevant targets and salient color-singletons. We computed spatial bias vectors indexing the effect of attention in 2D space, as coded by distributed activity in the occipital cortex. We found that goal-directed spatial attention biased activity towards the target and that salience further modulated this endogenous effect: salient distractors decreased the spatial bias, while salient targets increased it. Analyses of effective connectivity revealed that the processing of salient distractors relied on the modulation of the bidirectional connectivity between the occipital and the posterior parietal cortex, as well as the modulation of the lateral interactions within the occipital cortex. These findings demonstrate that goal-directed attention and salience jointly contribute to shaping processing priorities in the occipital cortex and highlight that multiple functional paths determine how spatial information about these signals is distributed across occipital regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjornn2022,

title = {The contributions of eye gaze fixations and target-lure similarity to behavioral and fMRI indices of pattern separation and pattern completion},

author = {Daniel K. Bjornn and Julie Van and C. Brock Kirwan},

doi = {10.1080/17588928.2022.2060200},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {13},

number = {3-4},

pages = {171–181},

publisher = {Routledge},

abstract = {Pattern separation and pattern completion are generally studied in humans using mnemonic discrimination tasks such as the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) where participants identify similar lures and repeated items from a series of images. Failures to correctly discriminate lures are thought to reflect a failure of pattern separation and a propensity toward pattern completion. Recent research has challenged this perspective, suggesting that poor encoding rather than pattern completion accounts for the occurrence of false alarm responses to similar lures. In two experiments, participants completed a continuous recognition task version of the MST while eye movement (Experiments 1 and 2) and fMRI data (Experiment 2) were collected. In Experiment 1, we replicated the result that fixation counts at study predicted accuracy on lure trials (consistent with poor encoding predicting mnemonic discrimination performance), but this effect was not observed in our fMRI task. In both experiments, we found that target-lure similarity was a strong predictor of accuracy on lure trials. Further, we found that fMRI activation changes in the hippocampus were significantly correlated with the number of fixations at study for correct but not incorrect mnemonic discrimination judgments when controlling for target-lure similarity. Our findings indicate that while eye movements during encoding predict subsequent hippocampal activation changes for correct mnemonic discriminations, the predictive power of eye movements for activation changes for incorrect mnemonic discrimination trials was modest at best.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Burlingham2022a,

title = {Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance},

author = {Charlie S. Burlingham and Minyoung Ryoo and Zvi N. Roth and Saghar Mirbagheri and David J. Heeger and Elisha P. Merriam},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.73018},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–24},

abstract = {Early visual cortex exhibits widespread hemodynamic responses in the absence of visual stimulation, which are entrained to the timing of a task and not predicted by local spiking or local field potential. Such task-related responses (TRRs) covary with reward magnitude and physiological signatures of arousal. It is unknown, however, if TRRs change on a trial-to-trial basis according to behavioral performance and task difficulty. If so, this would suggest that TRRs reflect arousal on a trial-to-trial timescale and covary with critical task and behavioral variables. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD) responses in the early visual cortex of human observers performing an orientation discrimination task consisting of separate easy and hard runs of trials. Stimuli were presented in a small portion of one hemifield, but the fMRI response was measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere, far from the stimulus representation and focus of spatial attention. TRRs scaled in amplitude with task difficulty, behavioral accuracy, reaction time, and lapses across trials. These modulations were not explained by the influence of respiration, cardiac activity, or head movement on the fMRI signal. Similar modulations with task difficulty and behavior were observed in pupil size. These results suggest that TRRs reflect arousal and behavior on the timescale of individual trials.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Byrge2022,

title = {Video-evoked fMRI BOLD responses are highly consistent across different data acquisition sites},

author = {Lisa Byrge and Dorit Kliemann and Ye He and Hu Cheng and Julian Michael Tyszka and Ralph Adolphs and Daniel P. Kennedy},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.25830},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {43},

number = {9},

pages = {2972–2991},

abstract = {Naturalistic imaging paradigms, in which participants view complex videos in the scanner, are increasingly used in human cognitive neuroscience. Videos evoke temporally synchronized brain responses that are similar across subjects as well as within subjects, but the reproducibility of these brain responses across different data acquisition sites has not yet been quantified. Here, we characterize the consistency of brain responses across independent samples of participants viewing the same videos in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners at different sites (Indiana University and Caltech). We compared brain responses collected at these different sites for two carefully matched datasets with identical scanner models, acquisition, and preprocessing details, along with a third unmatched dataset in which these details varied. Our overall conclusion is that for matched and unmatched datasets alike, video-evoked brain responses have high consistency across these different sites, both when compared across groups and across pairs of individuals. As one might expect, differences between sites were larger for unmatched datasets than matched datasets. Residual differences between datasets could in part reflect participant-level variability rather than scanner- or data- related effects. Altogether our results indicate promise for the development and, critically, generalization of video fMRI studies of individual differences in healthy and clinical populations alike.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cho2022a,

title = {Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals},

author = {Youngsun T. Cho and Flora Moujaes and Charles H. Schleifer and Martina Starc and Jie Lisa Ji and Nicole Santamauro and Brendan Adkinson and Antonija Kolobaric and Morgan Flynn and John H. Krystal and John D. Murray and Grega Repovs and Alan Anticevic},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {254},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Integrating motivational signals with cognition is critical for goal-directed activities. The mechanisms that link neural changes with motivated working memory continue to be understood. Here, we tested how externally cued and non-cued (internally represented) reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects using fMRI. We translated the classic delayed-response spatial working memory paradigm from non-human primate studies to take advantage of a continuous numeric measure of working memory precision, and the wealth of translational neuroscience yielded by these studies. Our results demonstrated that both cued and non-cued reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision. Visual association regions of the posterior prefrontal and parietal cortices, specifically the precentral sulcus (PCS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), had increased BOLD signal during incentivized spatial working memory. A subset of these regions had trial-by-trial increases in BOLD signal that were associated with better working memory precision, suggesting that these regions may be critical for linking neural signals with motivated working memory. In contrast, regions straddling executive networks, including areas in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior parietal cortex and cerebellum displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory. While reward and loss similarly impacted working memory processes, they dissociated during feedback when money won or avoided in loss was given based on working memory performance. During feedback, the trial-by-trial amount and valence of reward/loss received was dissociated amongst regions such as the ventral striatum, habenula and periaqueductal gray. Overall, this work suggests motivated spatial working memory is supported by complex sensory processes, and that the IPS and PCS in the posterior frontoparietal cortices may be key regions for integrating motivational signals with spatial working memory precision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clairis2022,

title = {Value, confidence, deliberation: A functional partition of the medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated across rating and choice tasks},

author = {Nicolas Clairis and Mathias Pessiglione},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1795-21.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {28},

pages = {1–41},

abstract = {Deciding about courses of action involves minimizing costs and maximizing benefits. Decision neuroscience studies have implicated both the ventral and dorsal medial PFC (vmPFC and dmPFC) in signaling goal value and action cost, but the precise functional role of these regions is still a matter of debate. Here, we suggest a more general functional partition that applies not only to decisions but also to judgments about goal value (expected reward) and action cost (expected effort). In this conceptual framework, cognitive representations related to options (reward value and effort cost) are dissociated from metacognitive representations (confidence and deliberation) related to solving the task (providing a judgment or making a choice). We used an original approach aimed at identifying consistencies across several preference tasks, from likeability ratings to binary decisions involving both attribute integration and option comparison. fMRI results in human male and female participants confirmed the vmPFC as a generic valuation system, its activity increasing with reward value and decreasing with effort cost. In contrast, more dorsal regions were not concerned with the valuation of options but with metacognitive variables, confidence being reflected in mPFC activity and deliberation time in dmPFC activity. Thus, there was a dissociation between the effort attached to choice options (represented in the vmPFC) and the effort invested in deliberation (represented in the dmPFC), the latter being expressed in pupil dilation. More generally, assessing commonalities across preference tasks might help in reaching a unified view of the neural mechanisms underlying the cost/benefit tradeoffs that drive human behavior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cui2022a,

title = {Fixation-related fMRI analysis reveals the neural basis of parafoveal processing in self-paced reading of Chinese words},

author = {Xiaohui Cui and Fabio Richlan and Wei Zhou},

doi = {10.1007/s00429-022-02552-4},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Structure and Function},

volume = {227},

number = {8},

pages = {2609–2621},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

abstract = {While parafoveal word processing plays an important role in natural reading, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the neural basis of parafoveal processing during Chinese word reading with the co-registration of eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using fixation-related fMRI analysis. In the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, preview conditions (words that are identical, orthographically similar, and unrelated to target words), pre-target word frequency and target word frequency were manipulated. When fixating the pre-target word, the identical preview condition elicited lower brain activation in the left fusiform gyrus relative to unrelated and orthographically similar preview conditions and there were significant interactions of preview condition and pre-target word frequency on brain activation of the left middle frontal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and supplementary motor area. When fixating the target word, there was a significant main effect of preview condition on brain activation of the right fusiform gyrus and a significant interaction of preview condition and pre-target word frequency on brain activation of the left middle frontal gyrus. These results suggest that fixation-related brain activation provides immediate measures and new perspectives to understand the mechanism of parafoveal processing in self-paced reading.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fabius2022,

title = {Topographic organization of eye-position dependent gain fields in human visual cortex},

author = {Jasper H. Fabius and Katarina Moravkova and Alessio Fracasso},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-35488-8},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The ability to move has introduced animals with the problem of sensory ambiguity: the position of an external stimulus could change over time because the stimulus moved, or because the animal moved its receptors. This ambiguity can be resolved with a change in neural response gain as a function of receptor orientation. Here, we developed an encoding model to capture gain modulation of visual responses in high field (7 T) fMRI data. We characterized population eye-position dependent gain fields (pEGF). The information contained in the pEGFs allowed us to reconstruct eye positions over time across the visual hierarchy. We discovered a systematic distribution of pEGF centers: pEGF centers shift from contra- to ipsilateral following pRF eccentricity. Such a topographical organization suggests that signals beyond pure retinotopy are accessible early in the visual hierarchy, providing the potential to solve sensory ambiguity and optimize sensory processing information for functionally relevant behavior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farahani2022,

title = {Diurnal variations of resting-state fMRI data: A graph-based analysis},

author = {Farzad V. Farahani and Waldemar Karwowski and Mark D'Esposito and Richard F. Betzel and Pamela K. Douglas and Anna Maria Sobczak and Bartosz Bohaterewicz and Tadeusz Marek and Magdalena Fafrowicz},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119246},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {256},

pages = {1–25},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Circadian rhythms (lasting approximately 24 h) control and entrain various physiological processes, ranging from neural activity and hormone secretion to sleep cycles and eating habits. Several studies have shown that time of day (TOD) is associated with human cognition and brain functions. In this study, utilizing a chronotype-based paradigm, we applied a graph theory approach on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data to compare whole-brain functional network topology between morning and evening sessions and between morning-type (MT) and evening-type (ET) participants. Sixty-two individuals (31 MT and 31 ET) underwent two fMRI sessions, approximately 1 hour (morning) and 10 h (evening) after their wake-up time, according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. In the global analysis, the findings revealed the effect of TOD on functional connectivity (FC) patterns, including increased small-worldness, assortativity, and synchronization across the day. However, we identified no significant differences based on chronotype categories. The study of the modular structure of the brain at mesoscale showed that functional networks tended to be more integrated with one another in the evening session than in the morning session. Local/regional changes were affected by both factors (i.e., TOD and chronotype), mostly in areas associated with somatomotor, attention, frontoparietal, and default networks. Furthermore, connectivity and hub analyses revealed that the somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual networks covered the most highly connected areas in the morning and evening sessions: the latter two were more active in the morning sessions, and the first was identified as being more active in the evening. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis to determine whether global and nodal measures were associated with subjective assessments across participants. Collectively, these findings contribute to an increased understanding of diurnal fluctuations in resting brain activity and highlight the role of TOD in future studies on brain function and the design of fMRI experiments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farahbakhsh2022,

title = {A demonstration of cone function plasticity after gene therapy in achromatopsia},

author = {Mahtab Farahbakhsh and Elaine J. Anderson and Roni O. Maimon-Mor and Andy Rider and John A. Greenwood and Nashila Hirji and Serena Zaman and Pete R. Jones and D. Samuel Schwarzkopf and Geraint Rees and Michel Michaelides and Tessa M. Dekker},

doi = {10.1093/brain/awac226},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain},

volume = {145},

pages = {3803–3815},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Recent advances in regenerative therapy have placed the treatment of previously incurable eye diseases within arms' reach. Achromatopsia is a severe monogenic heritable retinal disease that disrupts cone function from birth, leaving patients with complete colour blindness, low acuity, photosensitivity and nystagmus. While successful gene-replacement therapy in non-primate models of achromatopsia has raised widespread hopes for clinical treatment, it was yet to be determined if and how these therapies can induce new cone function in the human brain. Using a novel multimodal approach, we demonstrate for the first time that gene therapy can successfully activate dormant cone-mediated pathways in children with achromatopsia (CNGA3- and CNGB3-associated, 10–15 years). To test this, we combined functional MRI population receptive field mapping and psychophysics with stimuli that selectively measure cone photoreceptor signalling. We measured cortical and visual cone function before and after gene therapy in four paediatric patients, evaluating treatment-related change against benchmark data from untreated patients (n = 9) and normal-sighted participants (n = 28). After treatment, two of the four children displayed strong evidence for novel cone-mediated signals in visual cortex, with a retinotopic pattern that was not present in untreated achromatopsia and which is highly unlikely to emerge by chance. Importantly, this change was paired with a significant improvement in psychophysical measures of cone-mediated visual function. These improvements were specific to the treated eye, and provide strong evidence for successful read-out and use of new cone-mediated information. These data show for the first time that gene replacement therapy in achromatopsia within the plastic period of development can awaken dormant cone-signalling pathways after years of deprivation. This reveals unprecedented neural plasticity in the developing human nervous system and offers great promise for emerging regenerative therapies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fietz2022,

title = {Pupillometry tracks cognitive load and salience network activity in a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task},

author = {Julia Fietz and Dorothee Pöhlchen and Florian P. Binder and Michael Czisch and Philipp G. Sämann and Victor I. Spoormaker},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.25678},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {665–680},

abstract = {The diameter of the human pupil tracks working memory processing and is associated with activity in the frontoparietal network. At the same time, recent neuroimaging research has linked human pupil fluctuations to activity in the salience network. In this combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)/pupillometry study, we recorded the pupil size of healthy human participants while they performed a blockwise organized working memory task (N-back) inside an MRI scanner in order to monitor the pupil fluctuations associated neural activity during working memory processing. We first confirmed that mean pupil size closely followed working memory load. Combining this with fMRI data, we focused on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) correlates of mean pupil size modeled onto the task blocks as a parametric modulation. Interrogating this modulated task regressor, we were able to retrieve the frontoparietal network. Next, to fully exploit the within-block dynamics, we divided the blocks into 1 s time bins and filled these with corresponding pupil change values (first-order derivative of pupil size). We found that pupil change within N-back blocks was positively correlated with BOLD amplitudes in the areas of the salience network (namely bilateral insula, and anterior cingulate cortex). Taken together, fMRI with simultaneous measurement of pupil parameters constitutes a valuable tool to dissect working memory subprocesses related to both working memory load and salience of the presented stimuli.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Foster2022,

title = {Feature-based attention multiplicatively scales the fMRI-BOLD contrast-response function},

author = {Joshua J. Foster and Sam Ling},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0513-22.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {36},

pages = {6894–6906},

abstract = {fMRI plays a key role in the study of attention. However, there remains a puzzling discrepancy between attention effects measured with fMRI and with electrophysiological methods. While electrophysiological studies find that attention increases sensory gain, amplifying stimulus-evoked neural responses by multiplicatively scaling the contrast-response function (CRF), fMRI appears to be insensitive to these multiplicative effects. Instead, fMRI studies typically find that attention produces an additive baseline shift in the BOLD signal. These findings suggest that attentional effects measured with fMRI reflect top-down inputs to visual cortex, rather than the modulation of sensory gain. If true, this drastically limits what fMRI can tell us about how attention improves sensory coding. Here, we examined whether fMRI is sensitive to multiplicative effects of attention using a feature-based attention paradigm designed to preclude any possible additive effects. We measured BOLD activity evoked by a probe stimulus in one visual hemifield while participants (6 male, 6 female) attended to the probe orientation (attended condition), or to an orthogonal orientation (unattended condition), in the other hemifield. To measure CRFs in visual areas V1-V3, we parametrically varied the contrast of the probe stimulus. In all three areas, feature-based attention increased contrast gain, improving sensitivity by shifting CRFs toward lower contrasts. In V2 and V3, we also found an increase in response gain, an increase in the responsivity of the CRF, that was greatest at inner eccentricities. These results provide clear evidence that the fMRI-BOLD signal is sensitive to multiplicative effects of attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Froesel2022,

title = {Socially meaningful visual context either enhances or inhibits vocalisation processing in the macaque brain},

author = {Mathilda Froesel and Maëva Gacoin and Simon Clavagnier and Marc Hauser and Quentin Goudard and Suliann Ben Hamed},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-32512-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. Nonhuman primates send and receive auditory and visual communicative signals. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the association of visual and auditory information based on their common social meaning are unknown. Using heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that in the lateral and superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey, neural responses are enhanced in response to species-specific vocalisations paired with a matching visual context, or when vocalisations follow, in time, visual information, but inhibited when vocalisation are incongruent with the visual context. For example, responses to affiliative vocalisations are enhanced when paired with affiliative contexts but inhibited when paired with aggressive or escape contexts. Overall, we propose that the identified neural network represents social meaning irrespective of sensory modality.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garin2022,

title = {An evolutionary gap in primate default mode network organization},

author = {Clément M. Garin and Yuki Hori and Stefan Everling and Christopher T. Whitlow and Finnegan J. Calabro and Beatriz Luna and Mathilda Froesel and Maëva Gacoin and Suliann Ben Hamed and Marc Dhenain and Christos Constantinidis},

doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110669},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cell Reports},

volume = {39},

number = {2},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {The human default mode network (DMN) is engaged at rest and in cognitive states such as self-directed thoughts. Interconnected homologous cortical areas in primates constitute a network considered as the equivalent. Here, based on a cross-species comparison of the DMN between humans and non-hominoid primates (macaques, marmosets, and mouse lemurs), we report major dissimilarities in connectivity profiles. Most importantly, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of non-hominoid primates is poorly engaged with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), though strong correlated activity between the human PCC and the mPFC is a key feature of the human DMN. Instead, a fronto-temporal resting-state network involving the mPFC was detected consistently across non-hominoid primate species. These common functional features shared between non-hominoid primates but not with humans suggest a substantial gap in the organization of the primate's DMN and its associated cognitive functions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Geurts2022,

title = {Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex},

author = {Laura S. Geurts and James R. H. Cooke and Ruben S. Bergen and Janneke F. M. Jehee},

doi = {10.1038/s41562-021-01247-w},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},

volume = {6},

pages = {294–305},

abstract = {What gives rise to the human sense of confidence? Here we tested the Bayesian hypothesis that confidence is based on a probability distribution represented in neural population activity. We implemented several computational models of confidence and tested their predictions using psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a generative model-based decoding technique, we extracted probability distributions from neural population activity in human visual cortex. We found that subjective confidence tracks the shape of the decoded distribution. That is, when sensory evidence was more precise, as indicated by the decoded distribution, observers reported higher levels of confidence. We furthermore found that neural activity in the insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex was linked to both the shape of the decoded distribution and reported confidence, in ways consistent with the Bayesian model. Altogether, our findings support recent statistical theories of confidence and suggest that probabilistic information guides the computation of one's sense of confidence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giacometti2022,

title = {Frontal cortical functional connectivity is impacted by anaesthesia in macaques},

author = {Camille Giacometti and Audrey Dureux and Delphine Autran-Clavagnier and Charles R. E. Wilson and Jérôme Sallet and Manon Dirheimer and Emmanuel Procyk and Fadila Hadj-Bouziane and Céline Amiez},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab465},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {4050–4067},

abstract = {A critical aspect of neuroscience is to establish whether and how brain networks evolved across primates. To date, most comparative studies have used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in anaesthetized nonhuman primates and in awake humans. However, anaesthesia strongly affects rs-fMRI signals. The present study investigated the impact of the awareness state (anaesthesia vs. awake) within the same group of macaque monkeys on the rs-fMRI functional connectivity organization of a well-characterized network in the human brain, the cingulo-frontal lateral network. Results in awake macaques show that rostral seeds in the cingulate sulcus exhibited stronger correlation strength with rostral compared to caudal lateral frontal cortical areas, while more caudal seeds displayed stronger correlation strength with caudal compared to anterior lateral frontal cortical areas. Critically, this inverse rostro-caudal functional gradient was abolished under anaesthesia. This study demonstrated a similar functional connectivity (FC) organization of the cingulo-frontal cortical network in awake macaque to that previously uncovered in the human brain pointing toward a preserved FC organization from macaque to human. However, it can only be observed in awake state suggesting that this network is sensitive to anaesthesia and warranting significant caution when comparing FC patterns across species under different states.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gong2022,

title = {Preparatory attention to visual features primarily relies on non-sensory representation},

author = {Mengyuan Gong and Yilin Chen and Taosheng Liu},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-26104-2},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Prior knowledge of behaviorally relevant information promotes preparatory attention before the appearance of stimuli. A key question is how our brain represents the attended information during preparation. A sensory template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals evoke neural activity patterns that resembled the perception of the attended stimuli, whereas a non-sensory, abstract template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals reflect the abstraction of attended stimuli. To test these hypotheses, we used fMRI and multivariate analysis to characterize neural activity patterns when human participants were prepared to attend a feature and then select it from a compound stimulus. In an fMRI experiment using basic visual feature (motion direction), we observed reliable decoding of the to-be-attended feature from the preparatory activity in both visual and frontoparietal areas. However, while the neural patterns constructed by a single feature from a baseline task generalized to the activity patterns during stimulus selection, they could not generalize to the activity patterns during preparation. Our findings thus suggest that neural signals during attentional preparation are predominantly non-sensory in nature that may reflect an abstraction of the attended feature. Such a representation could provide efficient and stable guidance of attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gordon2022,

title = {Individualized functional subnetworks connect human striatum and frontal cortex},

author = {Evan M. Gordon and Timothy O. Laumann and Scott Marek and Dillan J. Newbold and Jacqueline M. Hampton and Nicole A. Seider and David F. Montez and Ashley M. Nielsen and Andrew N. Van and Annie Zheng and Ryland Miller and Joshua S. Siegel and Benjamin P. Kay and Abraham Z. Snyder and Deanna J. Greene and Bradley L. Schlaggar and Steven E. Petersen and Steven M. Nelson and Nico U. F. Dosenbach},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab387},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

number = {13},

pages = {2868–2884},

abstract = {The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex—predominately frontal cortex—to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grueschow2022,

title = {Functional coupling of the locus coeruleus is linked to successful cognitive control},

author = {Marcus Grueschow and Birgit Kleim and Christian Carl Ruff},

doi = {10.3390/brainsci12030305},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Sciences},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem structure that sends widespread efferent projections throughout the mammalian brain. The LC constitutes the major source of noradrenaline (NE), a modulatory neurotransmitter that is crucial for fundamental brain functions such as arousal, attention, and cognitive control. This role of the LC-NE is traditionally not believed to reflect functional influences on the frontoparietal network or the striatum, but recent advances in chemogenetic manipulations of the rodent brain have challenged this notion. However, demonstrations of LCNE functional connectivity with these areas in the human brain are surprisingly sparse. Here, we close this gap. Using an established emotional stroop task, we directly compared trials requiring response conflict control with trials that did not require this, but were matched for visual stimulus properties, response modality, and controlled for pupil dilation differences across both trial types. We found that LC-NE functional coupling with the parietal cortex and regions of the striatum is substantially enhanced during trials requiring response conflict control. Crucially, the strength of this functional coupling was directly related to individual reaction time differences incurred by conflict resolution. Our data concur with recent rodent findings and highlight the importance of converging evidence between human and nonhuman neurophysiology to further understand the neural systems supporting adaptive and maladaptive behavior in health and disease.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{He2022a,

title = {Evidence suggesting common mechanisms underlie contralateral and ipsilateral negative BOLD responses in the human visual cortex},

author = {Hengda He and Nabil Ettehadi and Amir Shmuel and Qolamreza R. Razlighi},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119440},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {262},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The task-evoked positive BOLD response (PBR) to a unilateral visual hemi-field stimulation is often accompanied by robust and sustained contralateral as well as ipsilateral negative BOLD responses (NBRs) in the visual cortex. The signal characteristics and the neural and/or vascular mechanisms that underlie these two types of NBRs are not completely understood. In this paper, we investigated the properties of these two types of NBRs. We first demonstrated the linearity of both NBRs with respect to stimulus duration. Next, we showed that the hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) of the two NBRs were similar to each other, but significantly different from that of the PBR. Moreover, the subject-wise expressions of the two NBRs were tightly coupled to the degree that the correlation between the two NBRs was significantly higher than the correlation between each NBR and the PBR. However, the activation patterns of the two NBRs did not show a high level of interhemispheric spatial similarity, and the functional connectivity between them was not different than the interhemispheric functional connectivity between the NBRs and PBR. Finally, while attention did modulate both NBRs, the attention-related changes in their HRFs were similar. Our findings suggest that the two NBRs might be generated through common neural and/or vascular mechanisms involving distal/deep brain regions that project to the two hemispheres.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hur2022,

title = {Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world},

author = {Juyoen Hur and Manuel Kuhn and Shannon E. Grogans and Allegra S. Anderson and Samiha Islam and Hyung Cho Kim and Rachael M. Tillman and Andrew S. Fox and Jason F. Smith and Kathryn A. DeYoung and Alexander J. Shackman},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Psychological Science},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {906–924},

abstract = {Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to a variety of adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness to divorce and premature death. Mechanistic work in animals and neuroimaging research in humans and monkeys have begun to reveal the broad contours of the neural circuits governing negative affect, but the relevance of these discoveries to everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a combination of approaches—including neuroimaging assays of threat anticipation and emotional-face perception and more than 10,000 momentary assessments of emotional experience—to demonstrate that individuals who showed greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting laboratory paradigm experienced lower levels of stressor-dependent distress in their daily lives (ns = 202–208 university students). Extended amygdala activation was not significantly related to momentary negative affect. These observations provide a framework for understanding the neurobiology of negative affect in the laboratory and in the real world.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jamoulle2022,

title = {Posterior intraparietal sulcus mediates detection of salient stimuli outside the endogenous focus of attention},

author = {Tarik Jamoulle and Qian Ran and Karen Meersmans and Jolien Schaeverbeke and Patrick Dupont and Rik Vandenberghe},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab299},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {1455–1469},

abstract = {Visual consciousness is shaped by the interplay between endogenous selection and exogenous capture. If stimulus saliency is aligned with a subject's attentional priorities, endogenous selection will be facilitated. In case of a misalignment, endogenous selection may be compromised as attentional capture is a strong and automatic process. We manipulated task-congruent versus -incongruent saliency in a functional magnetic resonance imaging change-detection task and analyzed brain activity patterns in the cortex surrounding the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) within the Julich-Brain probabilistic cytoarchitectonic mapping reference frame. We predicted that exogenous effects would be seen mainly in the posterior regions of the IPS (hIP4-hIP7-hIP8), whereas a conflict between endogenous and exogenous orienting would elicit activity from more anterior cytoarchitectonic areas (hIP1-hIP2-hIP3). Contrary to our hypothesis, a conflict between endogenous and exogenous orienting had an effect early in the IPS (mainly in hIP7 and hIP8). This is strong evidence for an endogenous component in hIP7/8 responses to salient stimuli beyond effects of attentional bottom-up sweep. Our results suggest that hIP7 and hIP8 are implicated in the individuation of attended locations based on saliency as well as endogenous instructions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Janik2022,

title = {Neural spatio-temporal patterns of information processing related to cognitive conflict and correct or false recognitions},

author = {Romuald A. Janik and Igor T. Podolak and Łukasz Struski and Anna Ceglarek and Koryna Lewandowska and Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz and Tadeusz Marek and Magdalena Fafrowicz},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-09141-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1–19},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Using a visual short-term memory task and employing a new methodological approach, we analyzed neural responses from the perspective of the conflict level and correctness/erroneous over a longer time window. Sixty-five participants performed the short-term memory task in the fMRI scanner. We explore neural spatio-temporal patterns of information processing in the context of correct or erroneous response and high or low level of cognitive conflict using classical fMRI analysis, surface-based cortical data, temporal analysis of interpolated mean activations, and machine learning classifiers. Our results provide evidence that information processing dynamics during the retrieval process vary depending on the correct or false recognition—for stimuli inducing a high level of cognitive conflict and erroneous response, information processing is prolonged. The observed phenomenon may be interpreted as the manifestation of the brain's preparation for future goal-directed action.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jin2022,

title = {Structural and functional MRI evidence for significant contribution of precentral gyrus to flexible oculomotor control: Evidence from the antisaccade task},

author = {Zhenlan Jin and Dong-gang Jin and Min Xiao and Aolin Ding and Jing Tian and Junjun Zhang and Ling Li},

doi = {10.1007/s00429-022-02557-z},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Structure and Function},

volume = {227},

number = {8},

pages = {2623–2632},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

abstract = {Antisaccade task requires inhibition of a prepotent prosaccade to a peripheral target and initiation of a saccade to the opposite location, and, therefore, is used as a tool to investigate behavioral adjustment. The frontal and parietal cortices are both known for their activation during saccade generation, but it is unclear whether their neuroanatomical characteristics also contribute to antisaccades. Here, we took antisaccade cost (antisaccade latency minus prosaccade latency) as an index for additional time for generating antisaccades. Fifty-eight participants conducted pro and antisaccade tasks outside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and their structural MRI (sMRI) data were also collected to explore brain regions neuroanatomically related to antisaccade cost. Then, twelve participants performed saccade tasks in the scanner and their task-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected to verify the activation of structurally identified brain regions during the saccade generation. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results revealed that gray matter volume (GMV) of the left precentral gyrus and the left insula were positively correlated with the antisaccade cost, which was validated by the prediction analysis. Brain activation results showed the activation of the precentral during both pro and antisaccade execution period, but not the insula. Our results suggest that precentral gyrus and insula play vital roles to antisaccade cost, but possibly in different ways. The insula, a key node of the salience network, possibly regulates the saliency processing of the target, while the precentral gyrus possibly mediates the generation of saccades. Our study especially highlights an outstanding role of the precentral gyrus in flexible oculomotor control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kirchner2022a,

title = {Real-time MRI reveals unique insight into the full eye kinematics of eye movements},

author = {Johannes Kirchner and Tamara Watson and Markus Lappe},

doi = {10.1523/eneuro.0357-21.2021},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eNeuro},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {1–14},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {Our eyes are constantly in motion and the various kinds of eye movements are closely linked to many aspects of human cognitive processing. Measuring all possible eye movements unobtrusively is not achievable with current methods. Video-based eye-trackers only measure rotational but not translational motion of the eye, re- quire a calibration process relying on the participant's self-report of accurate fixation, and do not work if vision of the eyeball is blocked. Scleral search coils attach physical weight on the eyeball and also do not measure translation. Here, we describe a novel and fully automated method to use real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for eye tracking. We achieved a temporal resolution sufficient to measure eye rotations and transla- tions as short as those that occur within a blink and behind a closed eyelid. To demonstrate this method, we measured the full extent of the blink-related eye movement for two individuals, suggesting that the eye approaches a holding position during lid closure and can move by as much as 35° in rotation and 2 mm in translation. We also investigated the coordination of gaze shifts with blinks. We found that the gaze shift is tightly coupled in time to the translational blink movement and that blinks can induce significant temporal shifts of the gaze trajectory between left and right eye. Our MR-based Eye Tracking (MREyeTrack) method allows measurement of eye movements in terms of both translation and rotation and enables new opportunities for study- ing ocular motility and its disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kronemer2022,

title = {Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity},

author = {Sharif I. Kronemer and Mark Aksen and Julia Z. Ding and Jun Hwan Ryu and Qilong Xin and Zhaoxiong Ding and Jacob S. Prince and Hunki Kwon and Aya Khalaf and Sarit Forman and David S. Jin and Kevin Wang and Kaylie Chen and Claire Hu and Akshar Agarwal and Erik Saberski and Syed Mohammad Adil Wafa and Owen P. Morgan and Jia Wu and Kate L. Christison-Lagay and Nicholas Hasulak and Martha Morrell and Alexandra Urban and R. Todd Constable and Michael Pitts and R. Mark Richardson and Michael J. Crowley and Hal Blumenfeld},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-35117-4},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The full neural circuits of conscious perception remain unknown. Using a visual perception task, we directly recorded a subcortical thalamic awareness potential (TAP). We also developed a unique paradigm to classify perceived versus not perceived stimuli using eye measurements to remove confounding signals related to reporting on conscious experiences. Using fMRI, we discovered three major brain networks driving conscious visual perception independent of report: first, increases in signal detection regions in visual, fusiform cortex, and frontal eye fields; and in arousal/salience networks involving midbrain, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula; second, increases in frontoparietal attention and executive control networks and in the cerebellum; finally, decreases in the default mode network. These results were largely maintained after excluding eye movement-based fMRI changes. Our findings provide evidence that the neurophysiology of consciousness is complex even without overt report, involving multiple cortical and subcortical networks overlapping in space and time.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuroda2022,

title = {Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for emergence of norms and socially shared realities via dynamic interaction},

author = {Kiri Kuroda and Yukiko Ogura and Akitoshi Ogawa and Tomoya Tamei and Kazushi Ikeda and Tatsuya Kameda},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-04329-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {In the digital era, new socially shared realities and norms emerge rapidly, whether they are beneficial or harmful to our societies. Although these are emerging properties from dynamic interaction, most research has centered on static situations where isolated individuals face extant norms. We investigated how perceptual norms emerge endogenously as shared realities through interaction, using behavioral and fMRI experiments coupled with computational modeling. Social interactions fostered convergence of perceptual responses among people, not only overtly but also at the covert psychophysical level that generates overt responses. Reciprocity played a critical role in increasing the stability (reliability) of the psychophysical function within each individual, modulated by neural activity in the mentalizing network during interaction. These results imply that bilateral influence promotes mutual cognitive anchoring of individual views, producing shared generative models at the collective level that enable endogenous agreement on totally new targets–one of the key functions of social norms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LadykaWojcik2022,

title = {Unrestricted eye movements strengthen effective connectivity from hippocampal to oculomotor regions during scene construction},

author = {Natalia Ladyka-Wojcik and Zhong-Xu Liu and Jennifer D. Ryan},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119497},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {260},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Scene construction is a key component of memory recall, navigation, and future imagining, and relies on the medial temporal lobes (MTL). A parallel body of work suggests that eye movements may enable the imagination and construction of scenes, even in the absence of external visual input. There are vast structural and functional connections between regions of the MTL and those of the oculomotor system. However, the directionality of connections between the MTL and oculomotor control regions, and how it relates to scene construction, has not been studied directly in human neuroimaging. In the current study, we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to interrogate effective connectivity between the MTL and oculomotor regions using a scene construction task in which participants' eye movements were either restricted (fixed-viewing) or unrestricted (free-viewing). By omitting external visual input, and by contrasting free- versus fixed- viewing, the directionality of neural connectivity during scene construction could be determined. As opposed to when eye movements were restricted, allowing free-viewing during construction of scenes strengthened top-down connections from the MTL to the frontal eye fields, and to lower-level cortical visual processing regions, suppressed bottom-up connections along the visual stream, and enhanced vividness of the constructed scenes. Taken together, these findings provide novel, non-invasive evidence for the underlying, directional, connectivity between the MTL memory system and oculomotor system associated with constructing vivid mental representations of scenes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lanssens2022,

title = {Activity in the fronto-parietal and visual cortex is modulated by feature-based attentional weighting},

author = {Armien Lanssens and Dante Mantini and Hans Op Beeck and Celine R. Gillebert},

doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.838683},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {16},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {In day-to-day dynamic activities where sensory input is abundant, stimulus representations in the visual cortex are modulated based on their attentional priority. Several studies have established the top-down role of a fronto-parietal dorsal attention network in selective attention. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether activity of subregions of this network and the visual cortex is modulated by feature-based attentional weighting, and if so, whether their timecourses of activity are correlated. To this end, we analyzed fMRI data of 28 healthy subjects, who performed a feature-based go/no-go task. Participants had to attend to one or two colored streams of sinusoidal gratings and respond to each grating in the task-relevant stream(s) except to a single non-target grating. Univariate and multivariate fMRI results indicated that activity in bilateral fronto-parietal (frontal eye fields, intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobe) and visual (V1–V4, lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus) regions was modulated by selecting one instead of attending to two gratings. Functional connectivity was not significantly different between fronto-parietal and visual regions when attending to one as opposed to two gratings. Our study demonstrates that activity in subregions of both the fronto-parietal and visual cortex is modified by feature-based attentional weighting.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2022c,

title = {Arousal impacts distributed hubs modulating the integration of brain functional connectivity},

author = {Kangjoo Lee and Corey Horien and David O'Connor and Bronwen Garand-Sheridan and Fuyuze Tokoglu and Dustin Scheinost and Evelyn M. R. Lake and R. Todd Constable},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119364},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {258},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Even when subjects are at rest, it is thought that brain activity is organized into distinct brain states during which reproducible patterns are observable. Yet, it is unclear how to define or distinguish different brain states. A potential source of brain state variation is arousal, which may play a role in modulating functional interactions between brain regions. Here, we use simultaneous resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and pupillometry to study the impact of arousal levels indexed by pupil area on the integration of large-scale brain networks. We employ a novel sparse dictionary learning-based method to identify hub regions participating in between-network integration stratified by arousal, by measuring k-hubness, the number (k) of functionally overlapping networks in each brain region. We show evidence of a brain-wide decrease in between-network integration and inter-subject variability at low relative to high arousal, with differences emerging across regions of the frontoparietal, default mode, motor, limbic, and cerebellum networks. State-dependent changes in k-hubness relate to the actual patterns of network integration within these hubs, suggesting a brain state transition from high to low arousal characterized by global synchronization and reduced network overlaps. We demonstrate that arousal is not limited to specific brain areas known to be directly associated with arousal regulation, but instead has a brain-wide impact that involves high-level between-network communications. Lastly, we show a systematic change in pairwise fMRI signal correlation structures in the arousal state-stratified data, and demonstrate that the choice of global signal regression could result in different conclusions in conventional graph theoretical analysis and in the analysis of k-hubness when studying arousal modulations. Together, our results suggest the presence of global and local effects of pupil-linked arousal modulations on resting state brain functional connectivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lin2022,

title = {Neural correlates of lateral modulation and perceptual filling-in in center-surround radial sinusoidal gratings: An fMRI study},

author = {Yih-Shiuan Lin and Chien-Chung Chen and Mark W. Greenlee},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-20592-y},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

pages = {1–14},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {We investigated lateral modulation effects with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We presented radial sinusoidal gratings in random sequence: a scotoma grating with two arc-shaped blank regions (scotomata) in the periphery, one in the left and one in the right visual field, a center grating containing pattern only in the scotoma regions, and a full-field grating where the pattern occupied the whole screen. On each trial, one of the three gratings flickered in counterphase for 10 s, followed by a blank period. Observers were instructed to perform a fixation task and report whether filling-in was experienced during the scotoma condition. The results showed that the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal was reduced in areas corresponding to the scotoma regions in the full-field compared to the center condition in V1 to V3 areas, indicating a lateral inhibition effect when the surround was added to the center pattern. The univariate analysis results showed no difference between the filling-in and no-filling-in trials. However, multivariate pattern analysis results showed that classifiers trained on activation pattern in V1 to V3 could differentiate between filling-in and no-filling-in trials, suggesting that the neural activation pattern in visual cortex correlated with the subjective percept.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lubinus2022,

title = {Action-based predictions affect visual perception, neural processing, and pupil size, regardless of temporal predictability},

author = {Christina Lubinus and Wolfgang Einhäuser and Florian Schiller and Tilo Kircher and Benjamin Straube and Bianca M. Kemenade},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119601},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {263},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Sensory consequences of one's own action are often perceived as less intense, and lead to reduced neural responses, compared to externally generated stimuli. Presumably, such sensory attenuation is due to predictive mechanisms based on the motor command (efference copy). However, sensory attenuation has also been observed outside the context of voluntary action, namely when stimuli are temporally predictable. Here, we aimed at disentangling the effects of motor and temporal predictability-based mechanisms on the attenuation of sensory action consequences. During fMRI data acquisition, participants (N = 25) judged which of two visual stimuli was brighter. In predictable blocks, the stimuli appeared temporally aligned with their button press (active) or aligned with an automatically generated cue (passive). In unpredictable blocks, stimuli were presented with a variable delay after button press/cue, respectively. Eye tracking was performed to investigate pupil-size changes and to ensure proper fixation. Self-generated stimuli were perceived as darker and led to less neural activation in visual areas than their passive counterparts, indicating sensory attenuation for self-generated stimuli independent of temporal predictability. Pupil size was larger during self-generated stimuli, which correlated negatively with the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response: the larger the pupil, the smaller the BOLD amplitude in visual areas. Our results suggest that sensory attenuation in visual cortex is driven by action-based predictive mechanisms rather than by temporal predictability. This effect may be related to changes in pupil diameter. Altogether, these results emphasize the role of the efference copy in the processing of sensory action consequences.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Machner2022,

title = {Resting-state functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network relates to behavioral performance in spatial attention tasks and may show task-related adaptation},

author = {Björn Machner and Lara Braun and Jonathan Imholz and Philipp J. Koch and Thomas F. Münte and Christoph Helmchen and Andreas Sprenger},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2021.757128},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {15},

pages = {1–12},

abstract = {Between-subject variability in cognitive performance has been related to inter-individual differences in functional brain networks. Targeting the dorsal attention network (DAN) we questioned (i) whether resting-state functional connectivity (FC) within the DAN can predict individual performance in spatial attention tasks and (ii) whether there is short-term adaptation of DAN-FC in response to task engagement. Twenty-seven participants first underwent resting-state fMRI (PRE run), they subsequently performed different tasks of spatial attention [including visual search (VS)] and immediately afterwards received another rs-fMRI (POST run). Intra- and inter-hemispheric FC between core hubs of the DAN, bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye field (FEF), was analyzed and compared between PRE and POST. Furthermore, we investigated rs-fMRI-behavior correlations between the DAN-FC in PRE/POST and task performance parameters. The absolute DAN-FC did not change from PRE to POST. However, different significant rs-fMRI-behavior correlations were revealed for intra-/inter-hemispheric connections in the PRE and POST run. The stronger the FC between left FEF and IPS before task engagement, the better was the learning effect (improvement of reaction times) in VS (r = 0.521},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mengotti2022,

title = {Combined TMS-fMRI reveals behavior-dependent network effects of right temporoparietal junction neurostimulation in an attentional belief updating task},

author = {Paola Mengotti and Anne Sophie Käsbauer and Gereon R. Fink and Simone Vossel},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab511},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {4698–4714},

abstract = {Updating beliefs after unexpected events is fundamental for an optimal adaptation to the environment. Previous findings suggested a causal involvement of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in belief updating in an attention task. We combined offline continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over rTPJ with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate local and remote stimulation effects within the attention and salience networks. In a sham-controlled, within-subject crossover design, 25 participants performed an attentional cueing task during fMRI with true or false information about cue predictability. By estimating learning rates from response times, we characterized participants' belief updating. Model-derived cue predictability entered the fMRI analysis as a parametric regressor to identify the neural correlates of updating. rTPJ-cTBS effects showed high interindividual variability. The expected learning rate reduction with false cue predictability information by cTBS was only observed in participants showing higher updating in false than in true blocks after sham. cTBS modulated the neural signatures of belief updating, both in rTPJ and in nodes of the attention and salience networks. The interindividual variability of the behavioral cTBS effect was related to differential activity and rTPJ connectivity of the right anterior insula. These results demonstrate a crucial interaction between ventral attention and salience networks for belief updating.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Metais2022,

title = {Neural substrates of saccadic adaptation: Plastic changes versus error processing and forward versus backward learning},

author = {Camille Métais and Judith Nicolas and Moussa Diarra and Alexis Cheviet and Eric Koun and Denis Pélisson},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119556},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {262},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {Previous behavioral, clinical, and neuroimaging studies suggest that the neural substrates of adaptation of saccadic eye movements involve, beyond the central role of the cerebellum, several, still incompletely determined, cortical areas. Furthermore, no neuroimaging study has yet tackled the differences between saccade lengthening ("forward adaptation") and shortening ("backward adaptation") and neither between their two main components, i.e. error processing and oculomotor changes. The present fMRI study was designed to fill these gaps. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and eye movements of 24 healthy volunteers were acquired while performing reactive saccades under 4 conditions repeated in short blocks of 16 trials: systematic target jump during the saccade and in the saccade direction (forward: FW) or in the opposite direction (backward: BW), randomly directed FW or BW target jump during the saccade (random: RND) and no intra-saccadic target jump (stationary: STA). BOLD signals were analyzed both through general linear model (GLM) approaches applied at the whole-brain level and through sensitive Multi-Variate Pattern Analyses (MVPA) applied to 34 regions of interest (ROIs) identified from independent 'Saccade Localizer' functional data. Oculomotor data were consistent with successful induction of forward and backward adaptation in FW and BW blocks, respectively. The different analyses of voxel activation patterns (MVPAs) disclosed the involvement of 1) a set of ROIs specifically related to adaptation in the right occipital cortex, right and left MT/MST, right FEF and right pallidum; 2) several ROIs specifically involved in error signal processing in the left occipital cortex, left PEF, left precuneus, Medial Cingulate cortex (MCC), left inferior and right superior cerebellum; 3) ROIs specific to the direction of adaptation in the occipital cortex and MT/MST (left and right hemispheres for FW and BW, respectively) and in the pallidum of the right hemisphere (FW). The involvement of the left PEF and of the (left and right) occipital cortex were further supported and qualified by the whole brain GLM analysis: clusters of increased activity were found in PEF for the RND versus STA contrast (related to error processing) and in the left (right) occipital cortex for the FW (BW) versus STA contrasts [related to the FW (BW) direction of error and/or adaptation]. The present study both adds complementary data to the growing literature supporting a role of the cerebral cortex in saccadic adaptation through feedback and feedforward relationships with the cerebellum and provides the basis for improving conceptual frameworks of oculomotor plasticity and of its link with spatial cognition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mocz2022,

title = {Predicting identity-preserving object transformations in human posterior parietal cortex and convolutional neural networks},

author = {Viola Mocz and Maryam Vaziri-pashkam and Marvin Chun and Yaoda Xu},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

pages = {2406–2435},

abstract = {Previous research shows that, within human occipito- temporal cortex (OTC), we can use a general linear mapping function to link visual object responses across nonidentity feature changes, including Euclidean features (e.g., position and size) and non-Euclidean features (e.g., image statistics and spatial frequency). Although the learned mapping is capable of predicting responses of objects not included in training, these predictions are better for categories included than those not included in training. These findings demonstrate a near-orthogonal representation of object identity and nonidentity features throughout human OTC. Here, we extended these findings to examine the mapping across both Euclidean and non-Euclidean feature changes in human posterior parietal cortex (PPC), including functionally defined regions in inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus. We additionally examined responses in five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained with object classification, as CNNs are considered as the current best model of the primate ventral visual system. We separately compared results from PPC and CNNs with those of OTC. We found that a linear mapping function could successfully link object responses in different states of nonidentity transformations in human PPC and CNNs for both Euclidean and non-Euclidean features. Over-all, we found that object identity and nonidentity features are represented in a near-orthogonal, rather than complete-orthogonal, manner in PPC and CNNs, just like they do in OTC. Meanwhile, some differences existed among OTC, PPC, and CNNs. These results demonstrate the similarities and differences in how visual object information across an identity-preserving image transformation may be represented in OTC, PPC, and CNNs},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mok2022,

title = {Abstract neural representations of category membership beyond information coding stimulus or response},

author = {Robert M. Mok and Bradley C. Love},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01651},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {10},

pages = {1719–1735},

abstract = {For decades, researchers have debated whether mental representations are symbolic or grounded in sensory inputs and motor programs. Certainly, aspects of mental representations are grounded. However, does the brain also contain abstract concept representations that mediate between perception and action in a flexible manner not tied to the details of sensory inputs and motor programs? Such conceptual pointers would be useful when concepts remain constant despite changes in appearance and associated actions. We evaluated whether human participants acquire such representations using fMRI. Participants completed a probabilistic concept learning task in which sensory, motor, and category variables were not perfectly coupled or entirely independent, making it possible to observe evidence for abstract representations or purely grounded representations. To assess how the learned concept structure is represented in the brain, we examined brain regions implicated in flexible cognition (e.g., pFC and parietal cortex) that are most likely to encode an abstract representation removed from sensory–motor details. We also examined sensory–motor regions that might encode grounded sensory–motor-based representations tuned for categorization. Using a cognitive model to estimate participants' category rule and multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data, we found the left pFC and human middle temporal visual area (MT)/V5 coded for category in the absence of information coding for stimulus or response. Because category was based on the stimulus, finding an abstract representation of category was not inevitable. Our results suggest that certain brain areas support categorization behavior by constructing concept representations in a format akin to a symbol that differs from stimulus–motor codes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moyal2022,

title = {Auditory target detection enhances visual processing and hippocampal functional connectivity},

author = {Roy Moyal and Hamid B. Turker and Wen Ming Luh and Khena M. Swallow},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891682},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},

volume = {13},

pages = {1–18},

abstract = {Though dividing one's attention between two input streams typically impairs performance, detecting a behaviorally relevant stimulus can sometimes enhance the encoding of unrelated information presented at the same time. Previous research has shown that selection of this kind boosts visual cortical activity and memory for concurrent items. An important unanswered question is whether such effects are reflected in processing quality and functional connectivity in visual regions and in the hippocampus. In this fMRI study, participants were asked to memorize a stream of naturalistic images and press a button only when they heard a predefined target tone (400 or 1,200 Hz, counterbalanced). Images could be presented with a target tone, with a distractor tone, or without a tone. Auditory target detection increased activity throughout the ventral visual cortex but lowered it in the hippocampus. Enhancements in functional connectivity between the ventral visual cortex and the hippocampus were also observed following auditory targets. Multi-voxel pattern classification of image category was more accurate on target tone trials than on distractor and no tone trials in the fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. This effect was stronger in visual cortical clusters whose activity was more correlated with the hippocampus on target tone than on distractor tone trials. In agreement with accounts suggesting that subcortical noradrenergic influences play a role in the attentional boost effect, auditory target detection also caused an increase in locus coeruleus activity and phasic pupil responses. These findings outline a network of cortical and subcortical regions that are involved in the selection and processing of information presented at behaviorally relevant moments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{MuellerPinzler2022,

title = {Neurocomputational mechanisms of affected beliefs},

author = {Laura Müller-Pinzler and Nora Czekalla and Annalina V. Mayer and Alexander Schröder and David S. Stolz and Frieder M. Paulus and Sören Krach},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-04165-3},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The feedback people receive on their behavior shapes the process of belief formation and self-efficacy in mastering a particular task. However, the neural and computational mechanisms of how the subjective value of self-efficacy beliefs, and the corresponding affect, influence the learning process remain unclear. We investigated these mechanisms during self-efficacy belief formation using fMRI, pupillometry, and computational modeling, and by analyzing individual differences in affective experience. Biases in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs were associated with affect, pupil dilation, and neural activity within the anterior insula, amygdala, ventral tegmental area/ substantia nigra, and mPFC. Specifically, neural and pupil responses mapped the valence of the prediction errors in correspondence with individuals' experienced affective states and learning biases during self-efficacy belief formation. Together with the functional connectivity dynamics of the anterior insula within this network, our results provide evidence for neural and computational mechanisms of how we arrive at affected beliefs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Noyce2022,

title = {Extended frontal networks for visual and auditory working memory},

author = {Abigail L. Noyce and Ray W. Lefco and James A. Brissenden and Sean M. Tobyne and Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham and David C. Somers},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab249},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {855–869},

abstract = {Working memory (WM) supports the persistent representation of transient sensory information. Visual and auditory stimuli place different demands on WM and recruit different brain networks. Separate auditory- and visual-biased WM networks extend into the frontal lobes, but several challenges confront attempts to parcellate human frontal cortex, including fine-grained organization and between-subject variability. Here, we use differential intrinsic functional connectivity from 2 visual-biased and 2 auditory-biased frontal structures to identify additional candidate sensory-biased regions in frontal cortex. We then examine direct contrasts of task functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual versus auditory 2-back WM to validate those candidate regions. Three visual-biased and 5 auditory-biased regions are robustly activated bilaterally in the frontal lobes of individual subjects (N = 14, 7 women). These regions exhibit a sensory preference during passive exposure to task stimuli, and that preference is stronger during WM. Hierarchical clustering analysis of intrinsic connectivity among novel and previously identified bilateral sensory-biased regions confirms that they functionally segregate into visual and auditory networks, even though the networks are anatomically interdigitated. We also observe that the frontotemporal auditory WM network is highly selective and exhibits strong functional connectivity to structures serving non-WM functions, while the frontoparietal visual WM network hierarchically merges into the multiple-demand cognitive system.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ortega2022,

title = {Spontaneous eye blink rate during the working memory delay period predicts task accuracy},

author = {Jefferson Ortega and Chelsea Reichert Plaska and Bernard A. Gomes and Timothy M. Ellmore},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.788231},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},

volume = {13},

pages = {1–11},

abstract = {Spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been linked to attention and memory, specifically working memory (WM). sEBR is also related to striatal dopamine (DA) activity with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease showing increases and decreases, respectively, in sEBR. A weakness of past studies of sEBR and WM is that correlations have been reported using blink rates taken at baseline either before or after performance of the tasks used to assess WM. The goal of the present study was to understand how fluctuations in sEBR during different phases of a visual WM task predict task accuracy. In two experiments, with recordings of sEBR collected inside and outside of a magnetic resonance imaging bore, we observed sEBR to be positively correlated with WM task accuracy during the WM delay period. We also found task-related modulation of sEBR, including higher sEBR during the delay period compared to rest, and lower sEBR during task phases (e.g., stimulus encoding) that place demands on visual attention. These results provide further evidence that sEBR could be an important predictor of WM task performance with the changes during the delay period suggesting a role in WM maintenance. The relationship of sEBR to DA activity and WM maintenance is discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Park2022,

title = {Parallel functional subnetworks embedded in the macaque face patch system},

author = {Soo Hyun Park and Kenji W. Koyano and Brian E. Russ and Elena N. Waidmann and David B. T. McMahon and David A. Leopold},

doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm2054},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science Advances},

volume = {8},

pages = {1–8},

abstract = {During normal vision, our eyes provide the brain with a continuous stream of useful information about the world. How visually specialized areas of the cortex, such as face-selective patches, operate under natural modes of behavior is poorly understood. Here we report that, during the free viewing of movies, cohorts of face-selective neurons in the macaque cortex fractionate into distributed and parallel subnetworks that carry distinct information. We classified neurons into functional groups on the basis of their movie-driven coupling with functional magnetic resonance imaging time courses across the brain. Neurons from each group were distributed across multiple face patches but intermixed locally with other groups at each recording site. These findings challenge prevailing views about functional segregation in the cortex and underscore the importance of naturalistic paradigms for cognitive neuroscience.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierce2022,

title = {Task-irrelevant emotional faces impact BOLD responses more for prosaccades than antisaccades in a mixed saccade fMRI task},

author = {Jordan E. Pierce and Elizabeth Clancy and Nathan M. Petro and Michael D. Dodd and Maital Neta},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108428},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Neuropsychologia},

volume = {177},

pages = {1–8},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cognitive control allows individuals to flexibly and efficiently perform tasks by attending to relevant stimuli while inhibiting distraction from irrelevant stimuli. The antisaccade task assesses cognitive control by requiring participants to inhibit a prepotent glance towards a peripheral stimulus and generate an eye movement to the mirror image location. This task can be administered with various contextual manipulations to investigate how factors such as trial timing or emotional content interact with cognitive control. In the current study, 26 healthy adults completed a mixed antisaccade and prosaccade fMRI task that included task irrelevant emotional faces and gap/overlap timing. The results showed typical antisaccade and gap behavioral effects with greater BOLD activation in frontal and parietal brain regions for antisaccade and overlap trials. Conversely, there were no differences in behavior based on the emotion of the task irrelevant face, but trials with neutral faces had greater activation in widespread visual regions than trials with angry faces, particularly for prosaccade and overlap trials. Together, these effects suggest that a high level of cognitive control and inhibition was required throughout the task, minimizing the impact of the face presentation on saccade behavior, but leading to increased attention to the neutral faces on overlap prosaccade trials when both the task cue (look towards) and emotion stimulus (neutral, non-threatening) facilitated disinhibition of visual processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pitts2022a,

title = {Generalizing the control architecture of the lateral prefrontal cortex},

author = {McKinney Pitts and Derek Evan Nee},

doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107688},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Neurobiology of Learning and Memory},

volume = {195},

pages = {1–14},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Cognitive control guides non-habitual, goal directed behaviors allowing us to flexibly adapt to ongoing demands. Previous work has suggested that multiple cognitive control processes exist that can be classed according to their action on present-oriented/external information versus future-oriented/internal information. These processes can be mapped onto the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) such that increasingly rostral areas are involved in increasingly future-oriented/internal control processes. Whether and how such processes are organized to support goal-directed behavior remains unclear. On the one hand, the LPFC may flexibly adapt based upon demands. On the other hand, there may be a consistent control architecture such as a control hierarchy that generalizes across demands. Previous work using fMRI in humans during a comprehensive control task that engaged several control processes at once found that an area in mid-LPFC consistently exerted widespread influence throughout the LPFC. These data suggested that the mid-LPFC forms an apex of a putative control hierarchy. However, whether such an architecture generalizes across tasks remains to be tested. Here, we utilized a modified comprehensive control task designed to alter how control processes influence one another to test the generalizability of the LPFC control architecture. Univariate fMRI activations revealed distinct control-related activations relative to past work. Despite these changes, effective connectivity modeling revealed a directed architecture similar to previous findings with the mid-LPFC exerting the most widespread influences throughout LPFC. These results suggest that the fundamental control architecture of the LPFC is relatively fixed, and that different demands are accommodated through modulations of this fixed architecture.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Polti2022,

title = {Rapid encoding of task regularities in the human hippocampus guides sensorimotor timing},

author = {Ignacio Polti and Matthias Nau and Raphael Kaplan and Virginie Wassenhove and Christian F. Doeller},

doi = {10.7554/elife.79027},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–22},

abstract = {The brain encodes the statistical regularities of the environment in a task-specific yet flexible and generalizable format. Here, we seek to understand this process by bridging two parallel lines of research, one centered on sensorimotor timing, and the other on cognitive mapping in the hippocampal system. By combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a fast-paced time-to-contact (TTC) estimation task, we found that the hippocampus signaled behavioral feedback received in each trial as well as performance improvements across trials along with reward-processing regions. Critically, it signaled performance improvements independent from the tested intervals, and its activity accounted for the trial-wise regression-to-the-mean biases in TTC estimation. This is in line with the idea that the hippocampus supports the rapid encoding of temporal context even on short time scales in a behavior-dependent manner. Our results emphasize the central role of the hippocampus in statistical learning and position it at the core of a brain-wide network updating sensorimotor representations in real time for flexible behavior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pramod2022,

title = {Invariant representation of physical stability in the human brain},

author = {R. T. Pramod and Michael A. Cohen and Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Nancy Kanwisher},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.71736},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–19},

abstract = {Successful engagement with the world requires the ability to predict what will happen next. Here, we investigate how the brain makes a fundamental prediction about the physical world: whether the situation in front of us is stable, and hence likely to stay the same, or unstable, and hence likely to change in the immediate future. Specifically, we ask if judgments of stability can be supported by the kinds of representations that have proven to be highly effective at visual object recognition in both machines and brains, or instead if the ability to determine the physical stability of natural scenes may require generative algorithms that simulate the physics of the world. To find out, we measured responses in both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the brain (using fMRI) to natural images of physically stable versus unstable scenarios. We find no evidence for generalizable representations of physical stability in either standard CNNs trained on visual object and scene classification (ImageNet), or in the human ventral visual pathway, which has long been implicated in the same process. However, in frontoparietal regions previously implicated in intuitive physical reasoning we find both scenario-invariant representations of physical stability, and higher univariate responses to unstable than stable scenes. These results demonstrate abstract representations of physical stability in the dorsal but not ventral pathway, consistent with the hypothesis that the computations underlying stability entail not just pattern classification but forward physical simulation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Press2022,

title = {Neural correlates of body image processing in binge eating disorder},

author = {Sophia Antonia Press and Stefanie C. Biehl and C. Carolyn Vatheuer and Gregor Domes and Jennifer Svaldi},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science},

volume = {131},

number = {4},

pages = {350–364},

abstract = {Although body image disturbances play a central role in the development, maintenance and relapse of binge eating disorder (BED), studies investigating the neural basis underlying body processing in BED are still missing. To address this gap, we conducted a preregistered (German Clinical Trials Register [Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS], Registration DRKS00008107) combined functional magnetic resonance (fMRI)/eye tracking study in which 38 women with BED and 22 healthy controls weight-matched for overall equivalence processed images of their own bodies, an unfamiliar weight- matched body, and visually matched nonbody control stimuli while performing a one-back task. Women with BED responded with higher left fusiform body area (FBA) activity than controls during body image processing. Despite higher levels of self-reported body dissatisfaction, women with BED did not show overactivation in emotion-processing areas in response to their own body. The eye-track- ing results indicated that visual attention toward the presented stimuli was associated with increased ac- tivity in the extrastriate body area (EBA) and FBA across groups. Our results thus provide evidence for an aberrant neural processing of body images in BED and highlight the importance of controlling for visual attention in future studies assessing neuronal body processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Raffin2022,

title = {Functional segregation within the dorsal frontoparietal network: A multimodal dynamic causal modeling study},

author = {Estelle Raffin and Adrien Witon and Roberto F. Salamanca-Giron and Krystel R. Huxlin and Friedhelm C. Hummel},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

number = {15},

pages = {3187–3205},

abstract = {Discrimination and integration of motion direction requires the interplay of multiple brain areas. Theoretical accounts of perception suggest that stimulus-related (i.e., exogenous) and decision-related (i.e., endogenous) factors affect distributed neuronal processing at different levels of the visual hierarchy. To test these predictions, we measured brain activity of healthy participants during a motion discrimination task, using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We independently modeled the impact of exogenous factors (task demand) and endogenous factors (perceptual decision-making) on the activity of the motion discrimination network and applied Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) to both modalities. DCM for event-related potentials (DCM-ERP) revealed that task demand impacted the reciprocal connections between the primary visual cortex (V1) and medial temporal areas (V5). With practice, higher visual areas were increasingly involved, as revealed by DCM-fMRI. Perceptual decision-making modulated higher levels (e.g., V5-to-Frontal Eye Fields, FEF), in a manner predictive of performance. Our data suggest that lower levels of the visual network support early, feature-based selection of responses, especially when learning strategies have not been implemented. In contrast, perceptual decision-making operates at higher levels of the visual hierarchy by integrating sensory information with the internal state of the subject.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rennig2022,

title = {Intelligibility of audiovisual sentences drives multivoxel response patterns in human superior temporal cortex},

author = {Johannes Rennig and Michael S. Beauchamp},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118796},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {247},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Regions of the human posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (pSTG/S) respond to the visual mouth movements that constitute visual speech and the auditory vocalizations that constitute auditory speech, and neural responses in pSTG/S may underlie the perceptual benefit of visual speech for the comprehension of noisy auditory speech. We examined this possibility through the lens of multivoxel pattern responses in pSTG/S. BOLD fMRI data was collected from 22 participants presented with speech consisting of English sentences presented in five different formats: visual-only; auditory with and without added auditory noise; and audiovisual with and without auditory noise. Participants reported the intelligibility of each sentence with a button press and trials were sorted post-hoc into those that were more or less intelligible. Response patterns were measured in regions of the pSTG/S identified with an independent localizer. Noisy audiovisual sentences with very similar physical properties evoked very different response patterns depending on their intelligibility. When a noisy audiovisual sentence was reported as intelligible, the pattern was nearly identical to that elicited by clear audiovisual sentences. In contrast, an unintelligible noisy audiovisual sentence evoked a pattern like that of visual-only sentences. This effect was less pronounced for noisy auditory-only sentences, which evoked similar response patterns regardless of intelligibility. The successful integration of visual and auditory speech produces a characteristic neural signature in pSTG/S, highlighting the importance of this region in generating the perceptual benefit of visual speech.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Saadon-Grosman2022,

title = {A third somatomotor representation in the human cerebellum},

author = {Noam Saadon-Grosman and Peter A. Angeli and Lauren M. DiNicola and Randy L. Buckner},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00165.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},

volume = {128},

number = {5},

pages = {1051–1073},

abstract = {Seminal neurophysiological studies in the 1940s discovered two somatomotor maps in the cerebellum-an inverted anterior lobe map and an upright posterior lobe map. Both maps have been confirmed in the human using noninvasive neuroimaging with additional hints of a third map within and near to the cerebellar vermis. Here, we sought direct evidence for the third somatomotor map by using intensive, repeated functional MRI (fMRI) scanning of individuals performing movements across multiple body parts (tongue, hands, glutes, and feet). An initial discovery sample (n = 4, 4 sessions per individual including 576 separate blocks of body movements) yielded evidence for the two established cerebellar somatomotor maps, as well as evidence for a third discontinuous foot representation within the vermis. When the left versus right foot movements were directly contrasted, the third representation could be clearly distinguished from the second representation in multiple individuals. Functional connectivity from seed regions in the third somatomotor representation confirmed anatomically specific connectivity with the cerebral cortex, paralleling the patterns observed for the two well-established maps. All results were prospectively replicated in an independent dataset with new individuals (n = 4). These collective findings provide direct support for a third somatomotor representation in the vermis of the cerebellum that may be part of a third map. We discuss the relations of this candidate third map to the broader topography of the cerebellum as well as its implications for understanding the specific organization of the human cerebellar vermis where distinct zones appear functionally specialized for somatomotor and visual domains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sadil2022,

title = {A modeling framework for determining modulation of neural-level tuning from non-invasive human fMRI data},

author = {Patrick Sadil and Rosemary A. Cowell and David E. Huber},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-04000-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Many neuroscience theories assume that tuning modulation of individual neurons underlies changes in human cognition. However, non-invasive fMRI lacks sufficient resolution to visualize this modulation. To address this limitation, we developed an analysis framework called Inferring Neural Tuning Modulation (INTM) for “peering inside” voxels. Precise specification of neural tuning from the BOLD signal is not possible. Instead, INTM compares theoretical alternatives for the form of neural tuning modulation that might underlie changes in BOLD across experimental conditions. The most likely form is identified via formal model comparison, with assumed parametric Normal tuning functions, followed by a non-parametric check of conclusions. We validated the framework by successfully identifying a well-established form of modulation: visual contrast-induced multiplicative gain for orientation tuned neurons. INTM can be applied to any experimental paradigm testing several points along a continuous feature dimension (e.g., direction of motion, isoluminant hue) across two conditions (e.g., with/without attention, before/after learning).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Samaddar2022,

title = {A group comparison in fMRI data using a semiparametric model under shape invariance},

author = {Arunava Samaddar and Brooke S. Jackson and Christopher J. Helms and Nicole A. Lazar and Jennifer E. McDowell and Cheolwoo Park},

doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2021.107361},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Computational Statistics and Data Analysis},

volume = {167},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, a common type of analysis is to compare differences across scanning sessions. A challenge to direct comparisons of this type is the low signal-to-noise ratio in fMRI data. By using the property that brain signals from a task-related experiment may exhibit a similar pattern in regions of interest across participants, a semiparametric approach under shape invariance to quantify and test the differences in sessions and groups is developed. The common function is estimated with local polynomial regression and the shape invariance model parameters are estimated using evolutionary optimization methods. The efficacy of the semi-parametric approach is demonstrated on a study of brain activation changes across two sessions associated with practice-related cognitive control. The objective of the study is to evaluate neural circuitry supporting a cognitive control task, and associated practice-related changes via acquisition of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal collected using fMRI. By using the proposed approach, BOLD signals in multiple regions of interest for control participants and participants with schizophrenia are compared as they perform a cognitive control task (known as the antisaccade task) at two sessions, and the effects of task practice in these groups are quantified.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sasaoka2022,

title = {Neural basis for anxiety and anxiety-related physiological responses during a driving situation: An fMRI study},

author = {Takafumi Sasaoka and Tokiko Harada and Daichi Sato and Nanae Michida and Hironobu Yonezawa and Masatoshi Takayama and Takahide Nouzawa and Shigeto Yamawaki},

doi = {10.1093/texcom/tgac025},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {3},

pages = {1–19},

abstract = {Although the exteroceptive and interoceptive prediction of a negative event increases a person's anxiety in daily life situations, the relationship between the brain mechanism of anxiety and the anxiety-related autonomic response has not been fully understood. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined the neural basis of anxiety and anxiety-related autonomic responses in a daily driving situation. Participants viewed a driving video clip in the first-person perspective. During the video clip, participants were presented with a cue to indicate whether a subsequent crash could occur (attention condition) or not (safe condition). Enhanced activities in the anterior insula, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, thalamus, and periaqueductal gray, and higher sympathetic nerve responses (pupil dilation and peripheral arterial stiffness) were triggered by the attention condition but not with the safe condition. Autonomic response-related functional connectivity was detected in the visual cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and MCC/PCC with the right anterior insula and its adjacent regions as seed regions. Thus, the right anterior insula and adjacent regions, in collaboration with other regions play a role in eliciting anxiety based on the prediction of negative events, by mediating anxiety-related autonomic responses according to interoceptive information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schroder2022,

title = {Neural correlates of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizotypy and recent onset psychosis: A multivariate pattern classification approach},

author = {Rebekka Schröder and Eliana Faiola and Maria Fernanda Urquijo and Katharina Bey and Inga Meyhöfer and Maria Steffens and Anna-Maria Kasparbauer and Anne Ruef and Hanna Högenauer and René Hurlemann and Joseph Kambeitz and Alexandra Philipsen and Michael Wagner and Nikolaos Koutsouleris and Ulrich Ettinger},

doi = {10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac034},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin Open},

volume = {3},

number = {1},

pages = {1–13},

abstract = {Schizotypy refers to a set of personality traits that bear resemblance, at subclinical level, to psychosis. Despite evidence of similarity at multiple levels of analysis, direct comparisons of schizotypy and clinical psychotic disorders are rare. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates and task-based functional connectivity (psychophysiological interactions; PPI) of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in patients with recent onset psychosis (ROP; n = 34), participants with high levels of negative (HNS; n = 46) or positive (HPS; n = 41) schizotypal traits, and low-schizotypy control participants (LS; n = 61) using machine-learning. Despite strong previous evidence that SPEM is a highly reliable marker of psychosis, patients and controls could not be significantly distinguished based on SPEM performance or blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal during SPEM. Classification was, however, significant for the right frontal eye field (FEF) seed region in the PPI analyses but not for seed regions in other key areas of the SPEM network. Applying the right FEF classifier to the schizotypal samples yielded decision scores between the LS and ROP groups, suggesting similarities and dissimilarities of the HNS and HPS samples with the LS and ROP groups. The very small difference between groups is inconsistent with previous studies that showed significant differences between patients with ROP and controls in both SPEM performance and underlying neural mechanisms with large effect sizes. As the current study had sufficient power to detect such differences, other reasons are discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vallat2022,

title = {High dream recall frequency is associated with increased creativity and default mode network connectivity},

author = {Raphael Vallat and Başak Türker and Alain Nicolas and Perrine Ruby},

doi = {10.2147/NSS.S342137},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature and Science of Sleep},

volume = {14},

pages = {265–275},

abstract = {Introduction: Several results suggest that the frequency of dream recall is positively correlated with personality traits such as creativity and openness to experience. In addition, neuroimaging results have evidenced different neurophysiological profiles in high dream recallers (HR) and low dream recallers (LR) during both sleep and wakefulness, specifically within regions of the default mode network (DMN). These findings are consistent with the emerging view that dreaming and mind wandering pertain to the same family of spontaneous mental processes, subserved by the DMN. Methods: To further test this hypothesis, we measured the DMN functional connectivity during resting wakefulness, together with personality and cognitive abilities (including creativity) in 28 HR and 27 LR. Results: As expected, HR demonstrated a greater DMN connectivity than LR, higher scores of creativity, and no significant difference in memory abilities. However, there was no significant correlation between creativity scores and DMN connectivity. Discussion: These results further demonstrate that there are trait neurophysiological and psychological differences between individuals who frequently recall their dreams and those who do not. They support the forebrain and the DMN hypotheses of dreaming and leave open the possibility that increased activity in the DMN promotes creative-thinking during both wakefulness and sleep. Further work is needed to test whether activity in the DMN is causally associated with creative-thinking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wever2022,

title = {Neural and affective responses to prolonged eye contact with one's own adolescent child and unfamiliar others},

author = {Mirjam C. M. Wever and Lisanne A. E. M. Houtum and Loes H. C. Janssen and Wilma G. M. Wentholt and Iris M. Spruit and Marieke S. Tollenaar and Geert Jan Will and Bernet M. Elzinga},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119463},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {260},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Eye contact is crucial for the formation and maintenance of social relationships, and plays a key role in facilitating a strong parent-child bond. However, the precise neural and affective mechanisms through which eye contact impacts on parent-child relationships remain elusive. We introduce a task to assess parents' neural and affective responses to prolonged direct and averted gaze coming from their own child, and an unfamiliar child and adult. While in the scanner, 79 parents (n = 44 mothers and n = 35 fathers) were presented with prolonged (16-38 s) videos of their own child, an unfamiliar child, an unfamiliar adult, and themselves (i.e., targets), facing the camera with a direct or an averted gaze. We measured BOLD-responses, tracked parents' eye movements during the videos, and asked them to report on their mood and feelings of connectedness with the targets after each video. Parents reported improved mood and increased feelings of connectedness after prolonged exposure to direct versus averted gaze and these effects were amplified for unfamiliar targets compared to their own child, due to high affect and connectedness ratings after videos of their own child. Neuroimaging results showed that the sight of one's own child was associated with increased activity in middle occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus relative to seeing an unfamiliar child or adult. While we found no robust evidence of specific neural correlates of eye contact (i.e., contrast direct > averted gaze), an exploratory parametric analysis showed that dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activity increased linearly with duration of eye contact (collapsed across all “other” targets). Eye contact-related dmPFC activity correlated positively with increases in feelings of connectedness, suggesting that this region may drive feelings of connectedness during prolonged eye contact with others. These results underline the importance of prolonged eye contact for affiliative processes and provide first insights into its neural correlates. This may pave the way for new research in individuals or pairs in whom affiliative processes are disrupted.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wiehler2022,

title = {A neuro-metabolic account of why daylong cognitive work alters the control of economic decisions},

author = {Antonius Wiehler and Francesca Branzoli and Isaac Adanyeguh and Fanny Mochel and Mathias Pessiglione},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.010},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {32},

number = {16},

pages = {3564–3575},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Behavioral activities that require control over automatic routines typically feel effortful and result in cognitive fatigue. Beyond subjective report, cognitive fatigue has been conceived as an inflated cost of cognitive control, objectified by more impulsive decisions. However, the origins of such control cost inflation with cognitive work are heavily debated. Here, we suggest a neuro-metabolic account: the cost would relate to the necessity of recycling potentially toxic substances accumulated during cognitive control exertion. We validated this account using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain metabolites throughout an approximate workday, during which two groups of participants performed either high-demand or low-demand cognitive control tasks, interleaved with economic decisions. Choice-related fatigue markers were only present in the high-demand group, with a reduction of pupil dilation during decision-making and a preference shift toward short-delay and little-effort options (a low-cost bias captured using computational modeling). At the end of the day, high-demand cognitive work resulted in higher glutamate concentration and glutamate/glutamine diffusion in a cognitive control brain region (lateral prefrontal cortex [lPFC]), relative to low-demand cognitive work and to a reference brain region (primary visual cortex [V1]). Taken together with previous fMRI data, these results support a neuro-metabolic model in which glutamate accumulation triggers a regulation mechanism that makes lPFC activation more costly, explaining why cognitive control is harder to mobilize after a strenuous workday.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wilding2022,

title = {Increased insula activity precedes the formation of subjective illusory Gestalt},

author = {Marilena Wilding and Christof Körner and Anja Ischebeck and Natalia Zaretskaya},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119289},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {257},

pages = {1–10},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The constructive nature of human perception sometimes leads us to perceiving rather complex impressions from simple sensory input: for example, recognizing animal contours in cloud formations or seeing living creatures in shadows of objects. A special type of bistable stimuli gives us a rare opportunity to study the neural mechanisms behind this process. Such stimuli can be visually interpreted either as simple or as more complex illusory content on the basis of the same sensory input. Previous studies demonstrated increased activity in the superior parietal cortex during the perception of an illusory Gestalt impression compared to a simpler interpretation. Here, we examined the role of slow fluctuations of resting-state fMRI activity in shaping the subsequent illusory interpretation by investigating activity related to the illusory Gestalt not only during, but also prior to its perception. We presented 31 participants with a bistable motion stimulus, which can be perceived either as four moving dot pairs (local) or two moving illusory squares (global). fMRI was used to measure brain activity in a slow event-related design. We observed stronger IPS and putamen responses to the stimulus when participants perceived the global interpretation compared to the local, confirming the findings of previous studies. Most importantly, we also observed that the global stimulus interpretation was preceded by an increased activity of the bilateral dorsal insula, which is known to process saliency and gate information for conscious access. Our data suggest an important role of the dorsal insula in shaping complex illusory interpretations of the sensory input.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yoo2022,

title = {Behavioral prioritization enhances working memory precision and neural population gain},

author = {Aspen H. Yoo and Alfredo Bolaños and Grace E. Hallenbeck and Masih Rahmati and Thomas C. Sprague and Clayton E. Curtis},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01804},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {2},

pages = {365–379},

abstract = {Humans allocate visual working memory (WM) resource according to behavioral relevance, resulting in more precise memories for more important items. Theoretically, items may be maintained by feature-tuned neural populations, where the relative gain of the populations encoding each item determines precision. To test this hypothesis, we compared the amplitudes of delay period activity in the different parts of retinotopic maps representing each of several WM items, predicting the amplitudes would track behavioral priority. Using fMRI, we scanned participants while they remembered the location of multiple items over a WM delay and then reported the location of one probed item using a memory-guided saccade. Importantly, items were not equally probable to be probed (0.6, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0), which was indicated with a precue. We analyzed fMRI activity in 10 visual field maps in occipital, parietal, and frontal cortex known to be important for visual WM. In early visual cortex, but not association cortex, the amplitude of BOLD activation within voxels corresponding to the retinotopic location of visual WM items increased with the priority of the item. Interestingly, these results were contrasted with a common finding that higher-level brain regions had greater delay period activity, demonstrating a dissociation between the absolute amount of activity in a brain area and the activity of different spatially selective populations within it. These results suggest that the distribution of WM resources according to priority sculpts the relative gains of neural populations that encode items, offering a neural mechanism for how prioritization impacts memory precision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ZamaniEsfahlani2022,

title = {Edge-centric analysis of time-varying functional brain networks with applications in autism spectrum disorder},

author = {Farnaz Zamani Esfahlani and Lisa Byrge and Jacob Tanner and Olaf Sporns and Daniel P. Kennedy and Richard F. Betzel},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119591},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {263},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The interaction between brain regions changes over time, which can be characterized using time-varying functional connectivity (tvFC). The common approach to estimate tvFC uses sliding windows and offers limited temporal resolution. An alternative method is to use the recently proposed edge-centric approach, which enables the tracking of moment-to-moment changes in co-fluctuation patterns between pairs of brain regions. Here, we first examined the dynamic features of edge time series and compared them to those in the sliding window tvFC (sw-tvFC). Then, we used edge time series to compare subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy controls (CN). Our results indicate that relative to sw-tvFC, edge time series captured rapid and bursty network-level fluctuations that synchronize across subjects during movie-watching. The results from the second part of the study suggested that the magnitude of peak amplitude in the collective co-fluctuations of brain regions (estimated as root sum square (RSS) of edge time series) is similar in CN and ASD. However, the trough-to-trough duration in RSS signal is greater in ASD, compared to CN. Furthermore, an edge-wise comparison of high-amplitude co-fluctuations showed that the within-network edges exhibited greater magnitude fluctuations in CN. Our findings suggest that high-amplitude co-fluctuations captured by edge time series provide details about the disruption of functional brain dynamics that could potentially be used in developing new biomarkers of mental disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhang2022a,

title = {A dataset of human fMRI/MEG experiments with eye tracking for spatial memory research using virtual reality},

author = {Bo Zhang and Yuji Naya},

doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2022.108380},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Data in Brief},

volume = {43},

pages = {1–8},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {A dataset consisting of whole-brain fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)/MEG (magnetoencephalography) images, eye tracking files, and behavioral records from healthy adult human participants when they performed a spatial-memory paradigm in a virtual environment was collected to investigate the neural representation of the cognitive map defined by unique spatial relationship of three objects, as well as the neural dynamics of the cognitive map following the task demand from localizing self-location to remembering the target location relative to the self-body. The dataset, including both fMRI and MEG, was also used to investigate the neural networks involved in representing a target within and outside the visual field. The dataset included 19 and 12 university students at Peking University for fMRI and MEG experiments, respectively (fMRI: 12 women, 7 men; MEG: 4 women, 8 men). The average ages of those participants were 24.9 years (MRI: 18–30 years) and 22.5 years (MEG: 19–25 years), respectively. fMRI BOLD and T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a 20-channel receiver head coil. MEG neuromagnetic data were acquired using a 275-channel MEG system (CTF MEG, Canada). The dataset could be further used to investigate a range of neural mechanisms involved in human spatial cognition or to develop a bioinspired deep neural network to enhance machines' abilities in spatial processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhou2022h,

title = {Common neural mechanisms control attention and working memory},

author = {Ying Zhou and Clayton E. Curtis and Kartik K. Sreenivasan and Daryl Fougnie},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0443-22.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {37},

pages = {7110–7120},

abstract = {Although previous studies point to qualitative similarities between working memory (WM) and attention, the degree to which these two constructs rely on shared neural mechanisms remains unknown. Focusing on one such potentially shared mechanism, we tested the hypothesis that selecting an item within WM utilizes similar neural mechanisms as selecting a visible item via a shift of attention. We used fMRI and machine learning to decode both the selection among items visually available and the selection among items stored in WM in human subjects (both sexes). Patterns of activity in visual, parietal, and to a lesser extent frontal cortex predicted the locations of the selected items. Critically, these patterns were strikingly interchangeable; classifiers trained on data during attentional selection predicted selection from WM, and classifiers trained on data during selection from memory predicted attentional selection. Using models of voxel receptive fields, we visualized topographic population activity that revealed gain enhancements at the locations of the externally and internally selected items. Our results suggest that selecting among perceived items and selecting among items in WM share a common mechanism. This common mechanism, analogous to a shift of spatial attention, controls the relative gains of neural populations that encode behaviorally relevant information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Armeni2022,

title = {A 10-hour within-participant magnetoencephalography narrative dataset to test models of language comprehension},

author = {Kristijan Armeni and Umut Güçlü and Marcel Gerven and Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen},

doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01382-7},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {9},

pages = {1–18},

abstract = {Recently, cognitive neuroscientists have increasingly studied the brain responses to narratives. At the same time, we are witnessing exciting developments in natural language processing where large-scale neural network models can be used to instantiate cognitive hypotheses in narrative processing. Yet, they learn from text alone and we lack ways of incorporating biological constraints during training. To mitigate this gap, we provide a narrative comprehension magnetoencephalography (MEG) data resource that can be used to train neural network models directly on brain data. We recorded from 3 participants, 10 separate recording hour-long sessions each, while they listened to audiobooks in English. After story listening, participants answered short questions about their experience. To minimize head movement, the participants wore MEG-compatible head casts, which immobilized their head position during recording. We report a basic evoked-response analysis showing that the responses accurately localize to primary auditory areas. The responses are robust and conserved across 10 sessions for every participant. We also provide usage notes and briefly outline possible future uses of the resource.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Braeutigam2022,

title = {A longitudinal magnetoencephalographic study of the effects of deep brain stimulation on neuronal dynamics in severe anorexia nervosa},

author = {Sven Braeutigam and Jessica Clare Scaife and Tipu Aziz and Rebecca J. Park},

doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2022.841843},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},

volume = {16},

pages = {1–12},

abstract = {Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by the relentless pursuit of thinness, leading to severe emaciation. Magnetoencephalography (MEG)was used to record the neuronal response in seven patients with treatment-resistant AN while completing a disorder-relevant food wanting task. The patients underwent a 15-month protocol, where MEG scans were conducted pre-operatively, post-operatively prior to deep brain stimulation (DBS) switch on, twice during a blind on/off month and at protocol end. Electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens with stimulation at the anterior limb of the internal capsule using rechargeable implantable pulse generators. Three patients met criteria as responders at 12 months of stimulation, showing reductions of eating disorder psychopathology of over 35%. An increase in alpha power, as well as evoked power at latencies typically associated with visual processing, working memory, and contextual integration was observed in ON compared to OFF sessions across all seven patients. Moreover, an increase in evoked power at P600-like latencies as well as an increase in γ-band phase-locking over anterior-to-posterior regions were observed for high- compared to low-calorie food image only in ON sessions. These findings indicate that DBS modulates neuronal process in regions far outside the stimulation target site and at latencies possibly reflecting task specific processing, thereby providing further evidence that deep brain stimulation can play a role in the treatment of otherwise intractable psychiatric disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brickwedde2022,

title = {Application of rapid invisible frequency tagging for brain computer interfaces},

author = {Marion Brickwedde and Yulia Bezsudnova and Anna Kowalczyk and Ole Jensen and Alexander Zhigalov},

doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109726},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},

volume = {382},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Background: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs/SSVEFs) are among the most commonly used BCI systems. They require participants to covertly attend to visual objects flickering at specified frequencies. The attended location is decoded online by analysing the power of neuronal responses at the flicker frequency. New method: We implemented a novel rapid invisible frequency-tagging technique, utilizing a state-of-the-art projector with refresh rates of up to 1440 Hz. We flickered the luminance of visual objects at 56 and 60 Hz, which was invisible to participants but produced strong neuronal responses measurable with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The direction of covert attention, decoded from frequency-tagging responses, was used to control an online BCI PONG game. Results: Our results show that seven out of eight participants were able to play the pong game controlled by the frequency-tagging signal, with average accuracies exceeding 60 %. Importantly, participants were able to modulate the power of the frequency-tagging response within a 1-second interval, while only seven occipital sensors were required to reliably decode the neuronal response. Comparison with existing methods: In contrast to existing SSVEP-based BCI systems, rapid frequency-tagging does not produce a visible flicker. This extends the time-period participants can use it without fatigue, by avoiding distracting visual input. Furthermore, higher frequencies increase the temporal resolution of decoding, resulting in higher communication rates. Conclusion: Using rapid invisible frequency-tagging opens new avenues for fundamental research and practical applications. In combination with novel optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), it could facilitate the development of high-speed and mobile next-generation BCI systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ElZein2022,

title = {Shared responsibility decreases the sense of agency in the human brain},

author = {Marwa El Zein and Ray J. Dolan and Bahador Bahrami},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01896},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

pages = {2065–2081},

abstract = {Sharing responsibility in social decision-making helps individuals use the flexibility of the collective context to benefit them-selves by claiming credit for good outcomes or avoiding the blame for bad outcomes. Using magnetoencephalography, we examined the neuronal basis of the impact that social context has on this flexible sense of responsibility. Participants performed a gambling task in various social contexts and reported feeling less responsibility when playing as a member of a team. A reduced magnetoencephalography outcome processing effect was observed as a function of decreasing responsibility at 200 msec post outcome onset and was centered over parietal, central, and frontal brain regions. Before outcome revelation in socially made decisions, an attenuated motor preparation signature at 500 msec after stimulus onset was found. A boost in reported responsibility for positive outcomes in social contexts was associated with increased activity in regions related to social and reward processing. Together, these results show that sharing responsibility with others reduces agency, influencing pre-outcome motor preparation and post-outcome processing, and provides opportunities to flexibly claim credit for positive outcomes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Elshafei2022,

title = {The impact of eye closure on anticipatory α activity in a tactile discrimination task},

author = {Hesham A. Elshafei and Corinne Orlemann and Saskia Haegens},

doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0412-21.2021},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eNeuro},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {1–11},

abstract = {One of the very first observations made regarding α oscillations (8–14 Hz), is that they increase in power over posterior areas when awake participants close their eyes. Recent work, especially in the context of (spatial) attention, suggests that α activity reflects a mechanism of functional inhibition. However, it remains unclear how eye closure impacts anticipatory α modulation observed in attention paradigms, and how this affects subsequent behavioral performance. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 33 human participants performing a tactile discrimination task with their eyes open versus closed. We replicated the hallmarks of previous somatosensory spatial attention studies: α lateralization across the somatosensory cortices as well as α increase over posterior (visual) regions. Furthermore, we found that eye closure leads to (1) reduced task performance; (2) widespread increase in α power; and (3) reduced anticipatory visual α modulation (4) with no effect on somatosensory α lateralization. Regardless of whether participants had their eyes open or closed, increased visual α power and somatosensory α lateralization improved their performance. Thus, we provide evidence that eye closure does not alter the impact of anticipatory α modulations on behavioral performance. We propose there is an optimal visual α level for somatosensory task performance, which can be achieved through a combination of eye closure and top-down anticipatory attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Goddard2022,

title = {Spatial and feature-selective attention have distinct, interacting effects on population-level tuning},

author = {Erin Goddard and Thomas A. Carlson and Alexandra Woolgar},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01796},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {2},

pages = {290–312},

abstract = {Attention can be deployed in different ways: When searching for a taxi in New York City, we can decide where to attend (e.g., to the street) and what to attend to (e.g., yellow cars). Although we use the same word to describe both processes, nonhuman primate data suggest that these produce distinct effects on neural tuning. This has been challenging to assess in humans, but here we used an opportunity afforded by multivariate decoding of MEG data. We found that attending to an object at a particular location and attending to a particular object feature produced effects that interacted multiplicatively. The two types of attention induced distinct patterns of enhancement in occipital cortex, with feature-selective attention producing relatively more enhancement of small feature differences and spatial attention producing relatively larger effects for larger feature differences. An information flow analysis further showed that stimulus representations in occipital cortex were Granger-caused by coding in frontal cortices earlier in time and that the timing of this feedback matched the onset of attention effects. The data suggest that spatial and feature-selective attention rely on distinct neural mechanisms that arise from frontal-occipital information exchange, interacting multiplicatively to selectively enhance task-relevant information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gutteling2022,

title = {Alpha oscillations reflect suppression of distractors with increased perceptual load},

author = {Tjerk P. Gutteling and Lonieke Sillekens and Nilli Lavie and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102285},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},

volume = {214},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Attention serves an essential role in cognition and behavior allowing us to focus on behaviorally-relevant objects while ignoring distraction. Perceptual load theory states that attentional resources are allocated according to the requirements of the task, i.e., its ‘load'. The theory predicts that the resources left to process irrelevant, possibly distracting stimuli, are reduced when the perceptual load is high. However, it remains unclear how this allocation of attentional resources specifically relates to neural excitability and suppression mechanisms. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we show that brain oscillations in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) implemented the suppression of distracting objects when the perceptual load was high. In parallel, high load increased the neuronal excitability for target objects, as reflected by rapid invisible frequency tagging. We suggest that the allocation of resources in tasks with high perceptual load is implemented by a gain increase for targets, complemented by distractor suppression reflected by alpha-band oscillations closing the ‘gate' for interference.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hermann2022,

title = {Temporal dynamics of the neural representation of hue and luminance polarity},

author = {Katherine L. Hermann and Shridhar R. Singh and Isabelle A. Rosenthal and Dimitrios Pantazis and Bevil R. Conway},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28249-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

pages = {1–19},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Hue and luminance contrast are basic visual features. Here we use multivariate analyses of magnetoencephalography data to investigate the timing of the neural computations that extract them, and whether they depend on common neural circuits. We show that hue and luminance-contrast polarity can be decoded from MEG data and, with lower accuracy, both features can be decoded across changes in the other feature. These results are consistent with the existence of both common and separable neural mechanisms. The decoding time course is earlier and more temporally precise for luminance polarity than hue, a result that does not depend on task, suggesting that luminance contrast is an updating signal that separates visual events. Meanwhile, cross-temporal generalization is slightly greater for representations of hue compared to luminance polarity, providing a neural correlate of the preeminence of hue in perceptual grouping and memory. Finally, decoding of luminance polarity varies depending on the hues used to obtain training and testing data. The pattern of results is consistent with observations that luminance contrast is mediated by both L-M and S cone sub-cortical mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kurki2022,

title = {Dynamics of retinotopic spatial attention revealed by multifocal MEG},

author = {Ilmari Kurki and Aapo Hyvärinen and Linda Henriksson},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119643},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {263},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Visual focal attention is both fast and spatially localized, making it challenging to investigate using human neuroimaging paradigms. Here, we used a new multivariate multifocal mapping method with magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study how focal attention in visual space changes stimulus-evoked responses across the visual field. The observer's task was to detect a color change in the target location, or at the central fixation. Simultaneously, 24 regions in visual space were stimulated in parallel using an orthogonal, multifocal mapping stimulus sequence. First, we used univariate analysis to estimate stimulus-evoked responses in each channel. Then we applied multivariate pattern analysis to look for attentional effects on the responses. We found that attention to a target location causes two spatially and temporally separate effects. Initially, attentional modulation is brief, observed at around 60–130 ms post stimulus, and modulates responses not only at the target location but also in adjacent regions. A later modulation was observed from around 200 ms, which was specific to the location of the attentional target. The results support the idea that focal attention employs several processing stages and suggest that early attentional modulation is less spatially specific than late.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kvamme2022,

title = {Neurofeedback modulation of the sound-induced flash illusion using parietal cortex alpha oscillations reveals dependency on prior multisensory congruency},

author = {Timo L. Kvamme and Mesud Sarmanlu and Christopher Bailey and Morten Overgaard},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.028},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Neuroscience},

volume = {482},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {The Authors},

abstract = {Spontaneous neural oscillations are key predictors of perceptual decisions to bind multisensory sig- nals into a unified percept. Research links decreased alpha power in the posterior cortices to attention and audio- visual binding in the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) paradigm. This suggests that controlling alpha oscillations would be a way of controlling audiovisual binding. In the present feasibility study we used MEG- neurofeedback to train one group of subjects to increase left/right and another to increase right/left alpha power ratios in the parietal cortex. We tested for changes in audiovisual binding in a SIFI paradigm where flashes appeared in both hemifields. Results showed that the neurofeedback induced a significant asymmetry in alpha power for the left/right group, not seen for the right/left group. Corresponding asymmetry changes in audiovisual binding in illusion trials (with 2, 3, and 4 beeps paired with 1 flash) were not apparent. Exploratory analyses showed that neurofeedback training effects were present for illusion trials with the lowest numeric disparity (i.e., 2 beeps and 1 flash trials) only if the previous trial had high congruency (2 beeps and 2 flashes). Our data suggest that the relation between parietal alpha power (an index of attention) and its effect on audiovisual binding is dependent on the learned causal structure in the previous stimulus. The present results suggests that low alpha power biases observers towards audiovisual binding when they have learned that audiovisual signals orig- inate from a common origin, consistent with a Bayesian causal inference account of multisensory perception.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kvamme2022a,

title = {Doubting the double-blind: Introducing a questionnaire for awareness of experimental purposes in neurofeedback studies},

author = {Timo L. Kvamme and Mesud Sarmanlu and Morten Overgaard},

doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2022.103381},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Consciousness and Cognition},

volume = {104},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Double-blinding subjects to the experiment's purpose is an important standard in neurofeedback studies. However, it is difficult to provide evidence that humans are entirely unaware of certain information. This study used insights from consciousness studies and neurophenomenology to develop a contingency awareness questionnaire for neurofeedback. We assessed whether participants had an awareness of experimental purposes to manipulate their attention and multisensory perception. A subset of subjects (5 out of 20) gained a degree of awareness of experimental purposes as evidenced by their correct guess about the purposes of the experiment to affect their attention and multisensory perceptions specific to their double-blinded group assignment. The results warrant replication before they are applied to clinical neurofeedback studies, given the considerable time taken to perform the questionnaire (∼25 min). We discuss the strengths and limitations of our contingency awareness questionnaire and the growing appeal of the double-blinded standard in clinical neurofeedback studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Maekelae2022,

title = {Removing ocular artifacts from magnetoencephalographic data on naturalistic reading of continuous texts},

author = {Sasu Mäkelä and Jan Kujala and Riitta Salmelin},

doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.974162},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {16},

pages = {1–18},

abstract = {Naturalistic reading paradigms and stimuli consisting of long continuous texts are essential for characterizing the cortical basis of reading. Due to the highly dynamic nature of the reading process, electrophysiological brain imaging methods with high spatial and temporal resolution, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), are ideal for tracking them. However, as electrophysiological recordings are sensitive to electromagnetic artifacts, data recorded during naturalistic reading is confounded by ocular artifacts. In this study, we evaluate two different pipelines for removing ocular artifacts from MEG data collected during continuous, naturalistic reading, with the focus on saccades and blinks. Both pipeline alternatives are based on blind source separation methods but differ fundamentally in their approach. The first alternative is a multi-part process, in which saccades are first extracted by applying Second-Order Blind Identification (SOBI) and, subsequently, FastICA is used to extract blinks. The other alternative uses a single powerful method, Adaptive Mixture ICA (AMICA), to remove all artifact types at once. The pipelines were tested, and their effects compared on MEG data recorded from 13 subjects in a naturalistic reading task where the subjects read texts with the length of multiple pages. Both pipelines performed well, extracting the artifacts in a single component per artifact type in most subjects. Signal power was reduced across the whole cortex in all studied frequency bands from 1 to 90 Hz, but especially in the frontal cortex and temporal pole. The results were largely similar for the two pipelines, with the exception that SOBI-FastICA reduced signal in the right frontal cortex in all studied frequency bands more than AMICA. However, there was considerable interindividual variation in the effects of the pipelines. As a holistic conclusion, we choose to recommend AMICA for removing artifacts from MEG data on naturalistic reading but note that the SOBI-FastICA pipeline has also various favorable characteristics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pfeffer2022,

title = {Coupling of pupil-and neuronal population dynamics reveals diverse influences of arousal on cortical processing},

author = {Thomas Pfeffer and Christian Keitel and Daniel S. Kluger and Anne Keitel and Alena Russmann and Gregor Thut and Tobias H. Donner and Joachim Gross},

doi = {10.7554/ELIFE.71890},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–28},

abstract = {Fluctuations in arousal, controlled by subcortical neuromodulatory systems, continuously shape cortical state, with profound consequences for information processing. Yet, how arousal signals influence cortical population activity in detail has so far only been characterized for a few selected brain regions. Traditional accounts conceptualize arousal as a homogeneous modulator of neural population activity across the cerebral cortex. Recent insights, however, point to a higher specificity of arousal effects on different components of neural activity and across cortical regions. Here, we provide a comprehensive account of the relationships between fluctuations in arousal and neuronal population activity across the human brain. Exploiting the established link between pupil size and central arousal systems, we performed concurrent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and pupillographic recordings in a large number of participants, pooled across three laboratories. We found a cascade of effects relative to the peak timing of spontaneous pupil dilations: Decreases in low-frequency (2–8 Hz) activity in temporal and lateral frontal cortex, followed by increased highfrequency (>64 Hz) activity in mid-frontal regions, followed by monotonic and inverted U relationships with intermediate frequency-range activity (8–32 Hz) in occipito-parietal regions. Pupil-linked arousal also coincided with widespread changes in the structure of the aperiodic component of cortical population activity, indicative of changes in the excitation-inhibition balance in underlying microcircuits. Our results provide a novel basis for studying the arousal modulation of cognitive computations in cortical circuits.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roesmann2022,

title = {Developmental aspects of fear generalization – A MEG study on neurocognitive correlates in adolescents versus adults},

author = {Kati Roesmann and Ida Wessing and Sophia Kraß and Elisabeth J. Leehr and Tim Klucken and Thomas Straube and Markus Junghöfer},

doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101169},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {58},

pages = {1–12},

abstract = {Background: Fear generalization is pivotal for the survival-promoting avoidance of potential danger, but, if too pronounced, it promotes pathological anxiety. Similar to adult patients with anxiety disorders, healthy children tend to show overgeneralized fear responses. Objective: This study aims to investigate neuro-developmental aspects of fear generalization in adolescence – a critical age for the development of anxiety disorders. Methods: We compared healthy adolescents (14–17 years) with healthy adults (19–34 years) regarding their fear responses towards tilted Gabor gratings (conditioned stimuli, CS; and slightly differently titled generalization stimuli, GS). In the conditioning phase, CS were paired (CS+) or remained unpaired (CS-) with an aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimuli, US). In the test phase, behavioral, peripheral and neural responses to CS and GS were captured by fear- and UCS expectancy ratings, a perceptual discrimination task, pupil dilation and source estimations of event-related magnetic fields. Results: Closely resembling adults, adolescents showed robust generalization gradients of fear ratings, pupil dilation, and estimated neural source activity. However, in the UCS expectancy ratings, adolescents revealed shallower generalization gradients indicating overgeneralization. Moreover, adolescents showed stronger visual cortical activity after as compared to before conditioning to all stimuli. Conclusion: Various aspects of fear learning and generalization appear to be mature in healthy adolescents. Yet, cognitive aspects might show a slower course of development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Stauch2022,

title = {Human visual gamma for color stimuli},

author = {Benjamin J. Stauch and Alina Peter and Isabelle Ehrlich and Zora Nolte and Pascal Fries},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.75897},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–18},

abstract = {Strong gamma-band oscillations in primate early visual cortex can be induced by homogeneous color surfaces (Peter et al., 2019; Shirhatti and Ray, 2018). Compared to other hues, particularly strong gamma oscillations have been reported for red stimuli. However, precortical color processing and the resultant strength of input to V1 have often not been fully controlled for. Therefore, stronger responses to red might be due to differences in V1 input strength. We presented stimuli that had equal luminance and cone contrast levels in a color coordinate system based on responses of the lateral geniculate nucleus, the main input source for area V1. With these stimuli, we recorded magnetoencephalography in 30 human participants. We found gamma oscillations in early visual cortex which, contrary to previous reports, did not differ between red and green stimuli of equal L-M cone contrast. Notably, blue stimuli with contrast exclusively on the S-cone axis induced very weak gamma responses, as well as smaller event-related fields and poorer change-detection performance. The strength of human color gamma responses for stimuli on the L-M axis could be well explained by L-M cone contrast and did not show a clear red bias when L-M cone contrast was properly equalized.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Teichmann2022,

title = {The nature of neural object representations during dynamic occlusion},

author = {Lina Teichmann and Denise Moerel and Anina N. Rich and Chris I. Baker},

doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.009},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cortex},

volume = {153},

pages = {66–86},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Objects disappearing briefly from sight due to occlusion is an inevitable occurrence in everyday life. Yet we generally have a strong experience that occluded objects continue to exist, despite the fact that they objectively disappear. This indicates that neural object representations must be maintained during dynamic occlusion. However, it is unclear what the nature of such representation is and in particular whether it is perception-like or more abstract, for example, reflecting limited features such as position or movement direction only. In this study, we address this question by examining how different object features such as object shape, luminance, and position are represented in the brain when a moving object is dynamically occluded. We apply multivariate decoding methods to Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data to track how object representations unfold over time. Our methods allow us to contrast the representations of multiple object features during occlusion and enable us to compare the neural responses evoked by visible and occluded objects. The results show that object position information is represented during occlusion to a limited extent while object identity features are not maintained through the period of occlusion. Together, this suggests that the nature of object representations during dynamic occlusion is different from visual representations during perception.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Urai2022,

title = {Persistent activity in human parietal cortex mediates perceptual choice repetition bias},

author = {Anne E. Urai and Tobias H. Donner},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-33237-5},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Humans and other animals tend to repeat or alternate their previous choices, even when judging sensory stimuli presented in a random sequence. It is unclear if and how sensory, associative, and motor cortical circuits produce these idiosyncratic behavioral biases. Here, we combined behavioral modeling of a visual perceptual decision with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) analyses of neural dynamics, across multiple regions of the human cerebral cortex. We identified distinct history-dependent neural signals in motor and posterior parietal cortex. Gamma-band activity in parietal cortex tracked previous choices in a sustained fashion, and biased evidence accumulation toward choice repetition; sustained beta-band activity in motor cortex inversely reflected the previous motor action, and biased the accumulation starting point toward alternation. The parietal, not motor, signal mediated the impact of previous on current choice and reflected individual differences in choice repetition. In sum, parietal cortical signals seem to play a key role in shaping choice sequences.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Es2022,

title = {Phasic modulation of visual representations during sustained attention},

author = {Mats W. J. Es and Tom R. Marshall and Eelke Spaak and Ole Jensen and Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen},

doi = {10.1111/ejn.15084},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {55},

number = {11-12},

pages = {3191–3208},

abstract = {Sustained attention has long been thought to benefit perception in a continuous fashion, but recent evidence suggests that it affects perception in a discrete, rhythmic way. Periodic fluctuations in behavioral performance over time, and modulations of behavioral performance by the phase of spontaneous oscillatory brain activity point to an attentional sampling rate in the theta or alpha frequency range. We investigated whether such discrete sampling by attention is reflected in periodic fluctuations in the decodability of visual stimulus orientation from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain signals. In this exploratory study, human subjects attended one of the two grating stimuli, while MEG was being recorded. We assessed the strength of the visual representation of the attended stimulus using a support vector machine (SVM) to decode the orientation of the grating (clockwise vs. counterclockwise) from the MEG signal. We tested whether decoder performance depended on the theta/alpha phase of local brain activity. While the phase of ongoing activity in the visual cortex did not modulate decoding performance, theta/alpha phase of activity in the frontal eye fields and parietal cortex, contralateral to the attended stimulus did modulate decoding performance. These findings suggest that phasic modulations of visual stimulus representations in the brain are caused by frequency-specific top-down activity in the frontoparietal attention network, though the behavioral relevance of these effects could not be established.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Whitmarsh2022,

title = {Neuronal correlates of the subjective experience of attention},

author = {Stephen Whitmarsh and Christophe Gitton and Veikko Jousmäki and Jérôme Sackur and Catherine Tallon-Baudry},

doi = {10.1111/ejn.15395},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {55},

number = {11-12},

pages = {3465–3482},

abstract = {The effect of top–down attention on stimulus-evoked responses and alpha oscillations and the association between arousal and pupil diameter are well established. However, the relationship between these indices, and their contribution to the subjective experience of attention, remains largely unknown. Participants performed a sustained (10–30 s) attention task in which rare (10%) targets were detected within continuous tactile stimulation (16 Hz). Trials were followed by attention ratings on an 8-point visual scale. Attention ratings correlated negatively with contralateral somatosensory alpha power and positively with pupil diameter. The effect of pupil diameter on attention ratings extended into the following trial, reflecting a sustained aspect of attention related to vigilance. The effect of alpha power did not carry over to the next trial and furthermore mediated the association between pupil diameter and attention ratings. Variations in steady-state amplitude reflected stimulus processing under the influence of alpha oscillations but were only weakly related to subjective ratings of attention. Together, our results show that both alpha power and pupil diameter are reflected in the subjective experience of attention, albeit on different time spans, while continuous stimulus processing might not contribute to the experience of attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Abbatecola2021,

title = {The role of unimodal feedback pathways in gender perception during activation of voice and face areas},

author = {Clement Abbatecola and Peggy Gerardin and Kim Beneyton and Henry Kennedy and Kenneth Knoblauch},

doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2021.669256},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},

volume = {15},

pages = {669256},

abstract = {Cross-modal effects provide a model framework for investigating hierarchical inter-areal processing, particularly, under conditions where unimodal cortical areas receive contextual feedback from other modalities. Here, using complementary behavioral and brain imaging techniques, we investigated the functional networks participating in face and voice processing during gender perception, a high-level feature of voice and face perception. Within the framework of a signal detection decision model, Maximum likelihood conjoint measurement (MLCM) was used to estimate the contributions of the face and voice to gender comparisons between pairs of audio-visual stimuli in which the face and voice were independently modulated. Top–down contributions were varied by instructing participants to make judgments based on the gender of either the face, the voice or both modalities (N = 12 for each task). Estimated face and voice contributions to the judgments of the stimulus pairs were not independent; both contributed to all tasks, but their respective weights varied over a 40-fold range due to top–down influences. Models that best described the modal contributions required the inclusion of two different top–down interactions: (i) an interaction that depended on gender congruence across modalities (i.e., difference between face and voice modalities for each stimulus); (ii) an interaction that depended on the within modalities' gender magnitude. The significance of these interactions was task dependent. Specifically, gender congruence interaction was significant for the face and voice tasks while the gender magnitude interaction was significant for the face and stimulus tasks. Subsequently, we used the same stimuli and related tasks in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm (N = 12) to explore the neural correlates of these perceptual processes, analyzed with Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) and Bayesian Model Selection. Results revealed changes in effective connectivity between the unimodal Fusiform Face Area (FFA) and Temporal Voice Area (TVA) in a fashion that paralleled the face and voice behavioral interactions observed in the psychophysical data. These findings explore the role in perception of multiple unimodal parallel feedback pathways.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Afyouni2021,

title = {Brain activity during antisaccades to faces in adolescence},

author = {Alia Afyouni and Franziska Geringswald and Bruno Nazarian and Marie-Hélène Grosbras},

doi = {10.1093/texcom/tgab057},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex Communications},

volume = {2},

pages = {1–14},

abstract = {Cognitive control and social perception both change during adolescence, but little is known of the interaction of these 2 processes. We aimed to characterize developmental changes in brain activity related to the influence of a social stimulus on cognitive control and more specifically on inhibitory control. Children (age 8–11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ajina2021,

title = {Increased visual sensitivity and occipital activity in patients with hemianopia following vision rehabilitation},

author = {Sara Ajina and Kristin Jünemann and Arash Sahraie and Holly Bridge},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2790-20.2021},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {41},

number = {28},

pages = {5994–6005},

abstract = {Hemianopia, loss of vision in half of the visual field, results from damage to the visual pathway posterior to the optic chiasm. Despite negative effects on quality of life, few rehabilitation options are currently available. Recently, several long-term training programs have been developed that show visual improvement within the blind field, although little is known of the underlying neural changes. Here, we have investigated functional and structural changes in the brain associated with visual rehabilitation. Seven human participants with occipital lobe damage enrolled in a visual training program to distinguish which of two intervals contained a drifting Gabor patch presented within the blind field. Participants performed;25 min of training each day for 3–6 months and undertook psychophysical tests and a magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after training. A control group undertook psychophysical tests before and after an equivalent period without training. Participants who were not at ceiling on baseline tests showed on average 9.6% improvement in Gabor detection, 8.3% in detection of moving dots, and 9.9% improvement in direction discrimination after training. Importantly, psychophysical improvement only correlated with improvement in Humphrey perimetry in the trained region of the visual field. Whole-brain analysis showed an increased neural response to moving stimuli in the blind visual field in motion area V5/hMT. Using a region-of-interest approach, training had a significant effect on the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal compared with baseline. Moreover, baseline V5/hMT activity was correlated to the amount of improvement in visual sensitivity using psychophysical and perimetry tests. This study, identifying a critical role for V5/hMT in boosting visual function, may allow us to determine which patients may benefit most from training and design adjunct interventions to increase training effects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}