fMRI和MEG研究出版物中的EyeLink眼动仪

@article{Finlayson2017,

title = {Differential patterns of 2D location versus depth decoding along the visual hierarchy},

author = {Nonie J. Finlayson and Xiaoli Zhang and Julie D. Golomb},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.039},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {147},

pages = {507–516},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Visual information is initially represented as 2D images on the retina, but our brains are able to transform this input to perceive our rich 3D environment. While many studies have explored 2D spatial representations or depth perception in isolation, it remains unknown if or how these processes interact in human visual cortex. Here we used functional MRI and multi-voxel pattern analysis to investigate the relationship between 2D location and position-in-depth information. We stimulated different 3D locations in a blocked design: each location was defined by horizontal, vertical, and depth position. Participants remained fixated at the center of the screen while passively viewing the peripheral stimuli with red/green anaglyph glasses. Our results revealed a widespread, systematic transition throughout visual cortex. As expected, 2D location information (horizontal and vertical) could be strongly decoded in early visual areas, with reduced decoding higher along the visual hierarchy, consistent with known changes in receptive field sizes. Critically, we found that the decoding of position-in-depth information tracked inversely with the 2D location pattern, with the magnitude of depth decoding gradually increasing from intermediate to higher visual and category regions. Representations of 2D location information became increasingly location-tolerant in later areas, where depth information was also tolerant to changes in 2D location. We propose that spatial representations gradually transition from 2D-dominant to balanced 3D (2D and depth) along the visual hierarchy.},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Galanter2017,

title = {An initial fMRI study on neural correlates of prayer in members of Alcoholics Anonymous},

author = {Marc Galanter and Zoran Josipovic and Helen Dermatis and Jochen Weber and Mary Alice Millard},

doi = {10.3109/00952990.2016.1141912},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {44–54},

publisher = {Informa Healthcare},

abstract = {Background: Many individuals with alcohol-use disorders who had experienced alcohol craving before joining Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) report little or no craving after becoming long-term members. Their use of AA prayers may contribute to this. Neural mechanisms underlying this process have not been delineated. Objective: To define experiential and neural correlates of diminished alcohol craving followingAA prayers amongmembers with long-termabstinence. Methods: Twenty AAmembers with long-term abstinence participated. Self-report measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging of differential neural response to alcohol-craving-inducing images were obtained in three conditions: after reading of AA prayers, after reading irrelevant news, and with passive viewing. Random-effects robust regressions were computed for the main effect (prayer > passive + news) and for estimating the correlations between themain effect and the self-report measures. Results: Compared to the other two conditions, the prayer condition was characterized by: less self-reported craving; increased activation in left-anterior middle frontal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. Craving following prayer was inversely correlated with activation in brain areas associated with self-referential processing and the default mode network, and with characteristics reflecting AA program involvement. Conclusion:AA members' prayer was asso- ciated with a relative reduction in self-reported craving and with concomitant engagement of neural mechanisms that reflect control of attention and emotion. These findings suggest neural processes underlying the apparent effectiveness of AA prayer.},

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}

@article{Geuter2017,

title = {Functional dissociation of stimulus intensity encoding and predictive coding of pain in the insula},

author = {Stephan Geuter and Sabrina Boll and Falk Eippert and Christian Büchel},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.24770},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {6},

pages = {1–22},

abstract = {<p>The computational principles by which the brain creates a painful experience from nociception are still unknown. Classic theories suggest that cortical regions either reflect stimulus intensity or additive effects of intensity and expectations, respectively. By contrast, predictive coding theories provide a unified framework explaining how perception is shaped by the integration of beliefs about the world with mismatches resulting from the comparison of these believes against sensory input. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a probabilistic heat pain paradigm, we investigated which computations underlie pain perception. Skin conductance, pupil dilation, and anterior insula responses to cued pain stimuli strictly followed the response patterns hypothesized by the predictive coding model, whereas posterior insula encoded stimulus intensity. This novel functional dissociation of pain processing within the insula together with previously observed alterations in chronic pain offer a novel interpretation of aberrant pain processing as disturbed weighting of predictions and prediction errors.</p>},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gordon2017,

title = {Precision functional mapping of individual human brains},

author = {Evan M. Gordon and Timothy O. Laumann and Adrian W. Gilmore and Dillan J. Newbold and Deanna J. Greene and Jeffrey J. Berg and Mario Ortega and Catherine Hoyt-Drazen and Caterina Gratton and Haoxin Sun and Jacqueline M. Hampton and Rebecca S. Coalson and Annie L. Nguyen and Kathleen B. McDermott and Joshua S. Shimony and Abraham Z. Snyder and Bradley L. Schlaggar and Steven E. Petersen and Steven M. Nelson and Nico U. F. Dosenbach},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.011},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Neuron},

volume = {95},

number = {4},

pages = {791–807.e7},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Human functional MRI (fMRI) research primarily focuses on analyzing data averaged across groups, which limits the detail, specificity, and clinical utility of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and task-activation maps. To push our understanding of functional brain organization to the level of individual humans, we assembled a novel MRI dataset containing 5 hr of RSFC data, 6 hr of task fMRI, multiple structural MRIs, and neuropsychological tests from each of ten adults. Using these data, we generated ten high-fidelity, individual-specific functional connectomes. This individual-connectome approach revealed several new types of spatial and organizational variability in brain networks, including unique network features and topologies that corresponded with structural and task-derived brain features. We are releasing this highly sampled, individual-focused dataset as a resource for neuroscientists, and we propose precision individual connectomics as a model for future work examining the organization of healthy and diseased individual human brains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Griffis2017,

title = {Retinotopic patterns of functional connectivity between V1 and large-scale brain networks during resting fixation},

author = {Joseph C. Griffis and Abdurahman S. Elkhetali and Wesley K. Burge and Richard H. Chen and Anthony D. Bowman and Jerzy P. Szaflarski and Kristina M. Visscher},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.035},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {146},

pages = {1071–1083},

abstract = {Psychophysical and neurobiological evidence suggests that central and peripheral vision are specialized for different functions. This specialization of function might be expected to lead to differences in the large-scale functional interactions of early cortical areas that represent central and peripheral visual space. Here, we characterize differences in whole-brain functional connectivity among sectors in primary visual cortex (V1) corresponding to central, near-peripheral, and far-peripheral vision during resting fixation. Importantly, our analyses reveal that eccentricity sectors in V1 have different functional connectivity with non-visual areas associated with large-scale brain networks. Regions associated with the fronto-parietal control network are most strongly connected with central sectors of V1, regions associated with the cingulo-opercular control network are most strongly connected with near-peripheral sectors of V1, and regions associated with the default mode and auditory networks are most strongly connected with far-peripheral sectors of V1. Additional analyses suggest that similar patterns are present during eyes-closed rest. These results suggest that different types of visual information may be prioritized by large-scale brain networks with distinct functional profiles, and provide insights into how the small-scale functional specialization within early visual regions such as V1 relates to the large-scale organization of functionally distinct whole-brain networks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{Hermans2017,

title = {Persistence of amygdala-hippocampal connectivity and multi-voxel correlation structures during awake rest after fear learning predicts long-term expression of fear},

author = {Erno J. Hermans and Jonathan W. Kanen and Arielle Tambini and Guillén Fernández and Lila Davachi and Elizabeth A. Phelps},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw145},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {27},

number = {5},

pages = {3028–3041},

abstract = {After encoding, memories undergo a process of consolidation that determines long-term retention. For conditioned fear, animal models postulate that consolidation involves reactivations of neuronal assemblies supporting fear learning during postlearning " offline " periods. However, no human studies to date have investigated such processes, particularly in relation to long-term expression of fear. We tested 24 participants using functional MRI on 2 consecutive days in a fear conditioning paradigm involving 1 habituation block, 2 acquisition blocks, and 2 extinction blocks on day 1, and 2 re-extinction blocks on day 2. Conditioning blocks were preceded and followed by 4.5-min rest blocks. Strength of spontaneous recovery of fear on day 2 served as a measure of long-term expression of fear. Amygdala connectivity primarily with hippocampus increased progressively during postacquisition and postextinction rest on day 1. Intraregional multi-voxel correlation structures within amygdala and hippocampus sampled during a block of differential fear conditioning furthermore persisted after fear learning. Critically, both these main findings were stronger in participants who exhibited spontaneous recovery 24 h later. Our findings indicate that neural circuits activated during fear conditioning exhibit persistent postlearning activity that may be functionally relevant in promoting consolidation of the fear memory.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hotta2017,

title = {Abnormal brain responses to action observation in complex regional pain syndrome},

author = {Jaakko Hotta and Jukka Saari and Miika Koskinen and Yevhen Hlushchuk and Nina Forss and Riitta Hari},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2016.10.017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Pain},

volume = {18},

number = {3},

pages = {255–265},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc},

abstract = {Patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) display various abnormalities in central motor function, and their pain is intensified when they perform or just observe motor actions. In this study, we examined the abnormalities of brain responses to action observation in CRPS. We analyzed 3-T functional magnetic resonance images from 13 upper limb CRPS patients (all female, ages 31–58 years) and 13 healthy, age- and sex-matched control subjects. The functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while the subjects viewed brief videos of hand actions shown in the first-person perspective. A pattern-classification analysis was applied to characterize brain areas where the activation pattern differed between CRPS patients and healthy subjects. Brain areas with statistically significant group differences (q < .05, false discovery rate-corrected) included the hand representation area in the sensorimotor cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, secondary somatosensory cortex, inferior parietal lobule, orbitofrontal cortex, and thalamus. Our findings indicate that CRPS impairs action observation by affecting brain areas related to pain processing and motor control. Perspective This article shows that in CRPS, the observation of others' motor actions induces abnormal neural activity in brain areas essential for sensorimotor functions and pain. These results build the cerebral basis for action-observation impairments in CRPS.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jeong2017,

title = {Task-context-dependent linear representation of multiple visual objects in human parietal cortex},

author = {Su Keun Jeong and Yaoda Xu},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01156},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {29},

number = {10},

pages = {1778–1789},

abstract = {A host of recent studies have reported robust representations of visual object information in the human parietal cortex, similar to those found in ventral visual cortex. In ventral visual cortex, both monkey neurophysiology and human fMRI studies showed that the neural representation ofa pair ofunrelated objects can be approximated by the averaged neural representation of the constituent objects shown in isolation. In this study, we examined whether such a linear relationship between objects exists for object representations in the human parietal cortex. Using fMRI and multivoxel pattern analysis, we examined object representations in human inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus, two parietal regions previously implicated in visual object selection and encoding, respectively. We also examined responses from the lateral occipital region, a ventral object processing area. We obtained fMRI response patterns to object pairs and their constituent objects shown in isolation while participants viewed these objects and performed a 1-back repetition detection task. By measuring fMRI response pattern correlations, we found that all three brain regions contained representations for both single object and object pairs. In the lateral occipital region, the representation for a pair ofobjects could be reliably approximated by the average representation of its constituent objects shown in isolation, replicating previous findings in ventral visual cortex. Such a simple linear relationship, however, was not observed in either parietal region examined. Nevertheless, when we equated the amount of task information present by examining responses from two pairs of objects, we found that representations for the average of two object pairs were indistinguishable in both parietal regions from the average of another two object pairs containing the same four component objects but with a different pairing of the objects (i.e., the average of AB and CD vs. that of AD and CB). Thus, when task information was held consistent, the same linear relationship may govern how multiple independent objects are represented in the human parietal cortex as it does in ventral visual cortex. These findings show that object and task representations coexist in the human parietal cortex and characterize one significant dif- ference of how visual information may be represented in ventral visual and parietal regions.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuhns2017,

title = {Spatial attention, motor intention, and Bayesian cue predictability in the human brain},

author = {Anna B. Kuhns and Pascasie L. Dombert and Paola Mengotti and Gereon R. Fink and Simone Vossel},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3255-16.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {21},

pages = {5334–5344},

abstract = {Predictions about upcoming events influence how we perceive and respond to our environment. There is increasing evidence that predictions may be generated based upon previous observations following Bayesian principles, but little is known about the underlying corticalmechanismsandtheir specificity for different cognitive subsystems.Thepresent studyaimedat identifyingcommonanddistinct neural signatures of predictive processing in the spatial attentional and motor intentional system. Twenty-three female and male healthy human volunteers performed two probabilistic cueing tasks with either spatial or motor cues while lying in the fMRI scanner. In these tasks, the percentage of cue validity changed unpredictably over time. Trialwise estimates of cue predictability were derived from a Bayesian observer model of behavioral responses. These estimates were included as parametric regressors for analyzing the BOLD time series. Parametric effects of cue predictability in valid and invalid trials were considered to reflect belief updating by precision-weighted prediction errors. The brain areas exhibiting predictability-dependent effects dissociated between the spatial attention and motor inten- tion task, with the right temporoparietal cortex being involved during spatial attention and the left angular gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during motor intention. Connectivity analyses revealed that all three areas showed predictability-dependent coupling with the right hippocampus. These results suggest that precision-weighted prediction errors of stimulus locations and motor responses are encoded in distinct brain regions, but that crosstalk with the hippocampusmaybe necessary to integrate new trialwise outcomes in both cognitive systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2017a,

title = {Idiosyncratic patterns of representational similarity in prefrontal cortex predict attentional performance},

author = {Jeongmi Lee and Joy J. Geng},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1407-16.2016},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {5},

pages = {1257–1268},

abstract = {The efficiency of finding an object in a crowded environment depends largely on the similarity of nontargets to the search target. Models of attention theorize that the similarity is determined by representations stored within an "attentional template" held in working memory. However, the degree to which the contents of the attentional template are individually unique and where those idiosyncratic representations are encoded in the brain are unknown. We investigated this problem using representational similarity analysis of human fMRI data to measure the common and idiosyncratic representations of famous face morphs during an identity categorization task; data from the categorization task were then used to predict performance on a separate identity search task. We hypothesized that the idiosyncratic categorical representations of the continuous face morphs would predict their distractability when searching for each target identity. The results identified that patterns of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) as well as in face-selective areas in the ventral temporal cortex were highly correlated with the patterns of behavioral categorization of face morphs and search performance that were common across subjects. However, the individually unique components of the categorization behavior were reliably decoded only in right LPFC. Moreover, the neural pattern in right LPFC successfully predicted idiosyncratic variability in search performance, such that reaction times were longer when distractors had a higher probability of being categorized as the target identity. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex encodes individually unique components of categorical representations that are also present in attentional tem-plates for target search.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leuchs2017,

title = {Neural correlates of pupil dilation during human fear learning},

author = {Laura Leuchs and Max Schneider and Michael Czisch and Victor I. Spoormaker},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.072},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {147},

pages = {186–197},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Background: Fear conditioning and extinction are prevailing experimental and etiological models for normal and pathological anxiety. Pupil dilations in response to conditioned stimuli are increasingly used as a robust psychophysiological readout of fear learning, but their neural correlates remain unknown. We aimed at identifying the neural correlates of pupil responses to threat and safety cues during a fear learning task. Methods: Thirty-four healthy subjects underwent a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and pupillometry. After a stringent preprocessing and artifact rejection procedure, trial-wise pupil responses to threat and safety cues were entered as parametric modulations to the fMRI general linear models. Results: Trial-wise magnitude of pupil responses to both conditioned and safety stimuli correlated positively with activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), thalamus, supramarginal gyrus and insula for the entire fear learning task, and with activity in the dACC during the fear conditioning phase in particular. Phasic pupil responses did not show habituation, but were negatively correlated with tonic baseline pupil diameter, which decreased during the task. Correcting phasic pupil responses for the tonic baseline pupil diameter revealed thalamic activity, which was also observed in an analysis employing a linear (declining) time modulation. Conclusion: Pupil dilations during fear conditioning and extinction provide useful readouts to track fear learning on a trial-by-trial level, particularly with simultaneous fMRI. Whereas phasic pupil responses reflect activity in brain regions involved in fear learning and threat appraisal, most prominently in dACC, tonic changes in pupil diameter may reflect changes in general arousal.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2017,

title = {The contribution of area MT to visual motion perception depends on training},

author = {Liu D. Liu and Christopher C. Pack},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.024},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Neuron},

volume = {95},

number = {2},

pages = {436–446.e3},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Perceptual decisions require the transformation of raw sensory inputs into cortical representations suitable for stimulus discrimination. One of the best-known examples of this transformation involves the middle temporal area (MT) of the primate visual cortex. Area MT provides a robust representation of stimulus motion, and previous work has shown that it contributes causally to performance on motion discrimination tasks. Here we report that the strength of this contribution can be highly plastic: depending on the recent training history, pharmacological inactivation of MT can severely impair motion discrimination, or it can have little detectable influence. Further analysis of neural and behavioral data suggests that training moves the readout of motion information between MT and lower-level cortical areas. These results show that the contribution of individual brain regions to conscious perception can shift flexibly depending on sensory experience.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2017c,

title = {Visual sampling predicts hippocampal activity},

author = {Zhong-Xu Liu and Kelly Shen and Rosanna K. Olsen and Jennifer D. Ryan},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2610-16.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {3},

pages = {599–609},

abstract = {Eye movements serve to accumulate information from the visual world, contributing to the formation of coherent memory representations that support cognition and behavior. The hippocampus and the oculomotor network are well connected anatomically through an extensive set of polysynaptic pathways. However, the extent to which visual sampling behavior is related to functional responses in the hippocampus during encoding has not been studied directly in human neuroimaging. In the current study, participants engaged in a face processing task while brain responses were recorded with fMRI and eye movements were monitored simultaneously. The number of gaze fixations that a participant made on a given trial was correlated significantly with hippocampal activation such that more fixations were associated with stronger hippocampal activation. Similar results were also found in the fusiform face area, a face-selective perceptual processing region. Notably, the number of fixations was associated with stronger hippocampal activation when the presented faces were novel, but not when the faces were repeated. Increases in fixations during viewing of novel faces also led to larger repetition-related suppression in the hippocampus, indicating that this fixation–hippocampal relationship may reflect the ongoing development of lasting representations. Together, these results provide novel empirical support for the idea that visual exploration and hippocampal binding processes are inherently linked.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Madan2017,

title = {Emotional arousal impairs association-memory: Roles of amygdala and hippocampus},

author = {Christopher R. Madan and Esther Fujiwara and Jeremy B. Caplan and Tobias Sommer},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.065},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {156},

pages = {14–28},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Emotional arousal is well-known to enhance memory for individual items or events, whereas it can impair association memory. The neural mechanism of this association memory impairment by emotion is not known: In response to emotionally arousing information, amygdala activity may interfere with hippocampal associative encoding (e.g., via prefrontal cortex). Alternatively, emotional information may be harder to unitize, resulting in reduced availability of extra-hippocampal medial temporal lobe support for emotional than neutral associations. To test these opposing hypotheses, we compared neural processes underlying successful and unsuccessful encoding of emotional and neutral associations. Participants intentionally studied pairs of neutral and negative pictures (Experiments 1–3). We found reduced association-memory for negative pictures in all experiments, accompanied by item-memory increases in Experiment 2. High-resolution fMRI (Experiment 3) indicated that reductions in associative encoding of emotional information are localizable to an area in ventral-lateral amygdala, driven by attentional/salience effects in the central amygdala. Hippocampal activity was similar during both pair types, but a left hippocampal cluster related to successful encoding was observed only for negative pairs. Extra-hippocampal associative memory processes (e.g., unitization) were more effective for neutral than emotional materials. Our findings suggest that reduced emotional association memory is accompanied by increases in activity and functional coupling within the amygdala. This did not disrupt hippocampal association-memory processes, which indeed were critical for successful emotional association memory formation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Maynard2017,

title = {Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs},

author = {Olivia M. Maynard and Jonathan C. W. Brooks and Marcus R. Munafò and Ute Leonards},

doi = {10.1111/add.13699},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Addiction},

volume = {112},

number = {4},

pages = {662–672},

abstract = {Aims: To (1) test if activation in brain regions related to reward (nucleus accumbens) and emotion (amygdala) differ when branded and plain packs of cigarettes are viewed, (2) test whether these activation patterns differ by smoking status and (3) examine whether activation patterns differ as a function of visual attention to health warning labels on cigarette packs. Design: Cross-sectional observational study combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with eye-tracking. Non-smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers performed a memory task on branded and plain cigarette packs with pictorial health warnings presented in an event-related design. Setting: Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, UK. Participants: Non-smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers (n = 72) were tested. After exclusions, data from 19 non-smokers, 19 weekly smokers and 20 daily smokers were analysed. Measurements: Brain activity was assessed in whole brain analyses and in pre-specified masked analyses in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens. On-line eye-tracking during scanning recorded visual attention to health warnings. Findings: There was no evidence for a main effect of pack type or smoking status in either the nucleus accumbens or amygdala, and this was unchanged when taking account of visual attention to health warnings. However, there was evidence for an interaction, such that we observed increased activation in the right amygdala when viewing branded as compared with plain packs among weekly smokers (P = 0.003). When taking into account visual attention to health warnings, we observed higher levels of activation in the visual cortex in response to plain packaging compared with branded packaging of cigarettes (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Based on functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye-tracking data, health warnings appear to be more salient on ‘plain' cigarette packs than branded packs.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Motomura2017,

title = {Two days' sleep debt causes mood decline during resting state via diminished amygdala-prefrontal connectivity},

author = {Yuki Motomura and Ruri Katsunuma and Michitaka Yoshimura and Kazuo Mishima},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Sleep},

volume = {40},

number = {10},

pages = {zsx133},

abstract = {Study objectives: Sleep debt (SD) has been suggested to evoke emotional instability by diminishing the suppression of the amygdala by the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Here, we investigated how short-term SD affects resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and MPFC, self-reported mood, and sleep parameters. Methods: Eighteen healthy adult men aged 29 ± 8.24 years participated in a 2-day sleep control session (SC; time in bed [TIB], 9 hours) and 2-day SD session (TIB, 3 hours). On day 2 of each session, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed, followed immediately by measuring self-reported mood on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State subscale (STAI-S). Results: STAI-S score was significantly increased, and functional connectivity between the amygdala and MPFC was significantly decreased in SD compared with SC. Significant correlations were observed between reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and reduced left amygdala-MPFC functional connectivity (FCL_amg-MPFC ) and between reduced FCL_amg-MPFC and increased STAI-S score in SD compared with SC. Conclusions: These findings suggest that reduced MPFC functional connectivity of amygdala activity is involved in mood deterioration under SD, and that REM sleep reduction is involved in functional changes in the corresponding brain regions. Having adequate REM sleep may be important for mental health maintenance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Naughtin2017,

title = {Do implicit and explicit belief processing share neural substrates?},

author = {Claire K. Naughtin and Kristina Horne and Dana Schneider and Dustin Venini and Ashley York and Paul E. Dux},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.23700},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {38},

number = {9},

pages = {4760–4772},

abstract = {Humans rely on their ability to infer another person's mental state to understand and predict others' behavior (“theory of mind,” ToM). Multiple lines of research suggest that not only are humans able to consciously process another person's belief state, but also are able to do so implicitly. Here we explored how general implicit belief states are represented in the brain, compared to those substrates involved in explicit ToM processes. Previous work on this topic has yielded conflicting results, and thus, the extent to which the implicit and explicit ToM systems draw on common neural bases is unclear. Participants were presented with “Sally-Anne” type movies in which a protagonist was falsely led to believe a ball was in one location, only for a puppet to later move it to another location in their absence (false-belief condition). In other movies, the protagonist had their back turned the entire time the puppet moved the ball between the two locations, meaning that they had no opportunity to develop any pre-existing beliefs about the scenario (no-belief condition). Using a group of independently localized explicit ToM brain regions, we found greater activity for false-belief trials, relative to no-belief trials, in the right temporoparietal junction, right superior temporal sulcus, precuneus, and left middle prefrontal gyrus. These findings extend upon previous work on the neural bases of implicit ToM by showing substantial overlap between this system and the explicit ToM system, suggesting that both abilities might recruit a common set of mentalizing processes/functional brain regions.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Neyens2017,

title = {Representation of semantic similarity in the left intraparietal sulcus: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence},

author = {Veerle Neyens and Rose Bruffaerts and Antonietta G. Liuzzi and Ioannis Kalfas and Ronald Peeters and Emmanuel Keuleers and Rufin Vogels and Simon De Deyne and Gert Storms and Patrick Dupont and Rik Vandenberghe},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2017.00402},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {11},

pages = {402},

abstract = {According to a recent study, semantic similarity between concrete entities correlates with the similarity of activity patterns in left middle IPS during category naming. We examined the replicability of this effect under passive viewing conditions, the potential role of visuoperceptual similarity, where the effect is situated compared to regions that have been previously implicated in visuospatial attention, and how it compares to effects of object identity and location. Forty-six subjects participated. Subjects passively viewed pictures from two categories, musical instruments and vehicles. Semantic similarity between entities was estimated based on a concept-feature matrix obtained in more than 1,000 subjects. Visuoperceptual similarity was modeled based on the HMAX model, the AlexNet deep convolutional learning model, and thirdly, based on subjective visuoperceptual similarity ratings. Among the IPS regions examined, only left middle IPS showed a semantic similarity effect. The effect was significant in hIP1, hIP2, and hIP3. Visuoperceptual similarity did not correlate with similarity of activity patterns in left middle IPS. The semantic similarity effect in left middle IPS was significantly stronger than in the right middle IPS and also stronger than in the left or right posterior IPS. The semantic similarity effect was similar to that seen in the angular gyrus. Object identity effects were much more widespread across nearly all parietal areas examined. Location effects were relatively specific for posterior IPS and area 7 bilaterally. To conclude, the current findings replicate the semantic similarity effect in left middle IPS under passive viewing conditions, and demonstrate its anatomical specificity within a cytoarchitectonic reference frame. We propose that the semantic similarity effect in left middle IPS reflects the transient uploading of semantic representations in working memory.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Noyce2017,

title = {Sensory-biased and multiple-demand processing in human lateral frontal cortex},

author = {Abigail L. Noyce and Nishmar Cestero and Samantha W. Michalka and Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham and David C. Somers},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0660-17.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {36},

pages = {8755– 8766},

abstract = {The functionality of much of human lateral frontal cortex (LFC) has been characterized as 'multiple demand' as these regions appear to support a broad range of cognitive tasks. In contrast to this domain-general account, recent evidence indicates that portions of LFC are consistently selective for sensory modality. Michalka et al. (2015) reported two bilateral regions that are biased for visual attention, superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) and inferior precentral sulcus (iPCS), interleaved with two bilateral regions that are biased for auditory attention, transverse gyrus intersecting precentral sulcus (tgPCS) and caudal inferior frontal sulcus (cIFS). In the present study, we employ functional MRI to examine both the multiple-demand and sensory-bias hypotheses within caudal portions of human LFC (both men and women participated). Using visual and auditory 2-back tasks, we replicate the finding of two bilateral visual-biased and two bilateral auditory-biased LFC regions, corresponding to sPCS & iPCS and to tgPCS & cIFS, and demonstrate high within-subject reliability of these regions over time and across tasks. In addition, we assess multiple demand responsiveness using BOLD signal recruitment and vector space analysis. In both, we find that the two visual-biased regions, sPCS & iPCS, exhibit stronger multiple demand responsiveness than do the auditory-biased LFC regions, tgPCS & cIFS; however, neither reaches the degree of multiple demand responsiveness exhibited by dorsal anterior cingulate/pre-supplemental motor area or by anterior insula. These results reconcile two competing views of LFC by demonstrating the coexistence of sensory specialization and multiple demand functionality, especially in visual-biased LFC structures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nummenmaa2017,

title = {Cortical circuit for binding object identity and location during multiple-object tracking},

author = {Lauri Nummenmaa and Lauri Oksama and Enrico Glerean and Jukka Hyönä},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw380},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {27},

number = {1},

pages = {162–172},

abstract = {Sustained multifocal attention for moving targets requires binding object identities with their locations. The brain mechanisms of identity-location binding during attentive tracking have remained unresolved. In 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we measured participants' hemodynamic activity during attentive tracking of multiple objects with equivalent (multiple-object tracking) versus distinct (multiple identity tracking, MIT) identities. Task load was manipulated parametrically. Both tasks activated large frontoparietal circuits. MIT led to significantly increased activity in frontoparietal and temporal systems subserving object recognition and working memory. These effects were replicated when eye movements were prohibited. MIT was associated with significantly increased functional connectivity between lateral temporal and frontal and parietal regions. We propose that coordinated activity of this network subserves identity-location binding during attentive tracking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oberwelland2017,

title = {Young adolescents with autism show abnormal joint attention network: A gaze contingent fMRI study},

author = {E. Oberwelland and Leonhard Schilbach and I. Barisic and Sarah C. Krall and K. Vogeley and Gereon R. Fink and B. Herpertz-Dahlmann and Kerstin Konrad and Martin Schulte-Rüther},

doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.006},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage: Clinical},

volume = {14},

pages = {112–121},

publisher = {The Authors},

abstract = {Behavioral research has revealed deficits in the development of joint attention (JA) as one of the earliest signs of autism. While the neural basis of JA has been studied predominantly in adults, we recently demonstrated a protracted development of the brain networks supporting JA in typically developing children and adolescents. The present eye-tracking/fMRI study now extends these findings to adolescents with autism. Our results show that in adolescents with autism JA is subserved by abnormal activation patterns in brain areas related to social cognition abnormalities which are at the core of ASD including the STS and TPJ, despite behavioral maturation with no behavioral differences. Furthermore, in the autism group we observed increased neural activity in a network of social and emotional processing areas during interactions with their mother. Moreover, data indicated that less severely affected individuals with autism showed higher frontal activation associated with self-initiated interactions. Taken together, this study provides first-time data of JA in children/adolescents with autism incorporating the interactive character of JA, its reciprocity and motivational aspects. The observed functional differences in adolescents ASD suggest that persistent developmental differences in the neural processes underlying JA contribute to social interaction difficulties in ASD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reithler2017,

title = {Characterizing object- and position-dependent response profiles to uni- and bilateral stimulus configurations in human higher visual cortex: A 7T fMRI study},

author = {Joel Reithler and Judith C. Peters and Rainer Goebel},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.038},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {152},

pages = {551–562},

abstract = {Visual scenes are initially processed via segregated neural pathways dedicated to either of the two visual hemifields. Although higher-order visual areas are generally believed to utilize invariant object representations (abstracted away from features such as stimulus position), recent findings suggest they retain more spatial information than previously thought. Here, we assessed the nature of such higher-order object representations in human cortex using high-resolution fMRI at 7T, supported by corroborative 3T data. We show that multi-voxel activation patterns in both the contra- and ipsilateral hemisphere can be exploited to successfully classify the object category of unilaterally presented stimuli. Moreover, robustly identified rank order-based response profiles demonstrated a strong contralateral bias which frequently outweighed object category preferences. Finally, we contrasted different combinatorial operations to predict the responses during bilateral stimulation conditions based on responses to their constituent unilateral elements. Results favored a max operation predominantly reflecting the contralateral stimuli. The current findings extend previous work by showing that configuration-dependent modulations in higher-order visual cortex responses as observed in single unit activity have a counterpart in human neural population coding. They furthermore corroborate the emerging view that position coding is a fundamental functional characteristic of ventral visual stream processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rvpcdb17,

title = {Functional connectivity of the dorsal attention network predicts selective attention in 4–7 year-old girls},

author = {Christiane S. Rohr and Sarah A. Vinette and Kari A. L. Parsons and Ivy Y. K. Cho and Dennis Dimond and Alina Benischek and Catherine Lebel and Deborah Dewey and Signe Bray},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw236},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {27},

number = {9},

pages = {4350–4360},

abstract = {Early childhood is a period of profound neural development and remodeling during which attention skills undergo rapid maturation. Attention networks have been extensively studied in the adult brain, yet relatively little is known about changes in early childhood, and their relation to cognitive development. We investigated the association between age and functional connectivity (FC) within the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the association between FC and attention skills in early childhood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected during passive viewing in 44 typically developing female children between 4 and 7 years whose sustained, selective, and executive attention skills were assessed. FC of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) was computed across the entire brain and regressed against age. Age was positively associated with FC between core nodes of the DAN, the IPS and the FEF, and negatively associated with FC between the DAN and regions of the default-mode network. Further, controlling for age, FC between the IPS and FEF was significantly associated with selective attention. These findings add to our understanding of early childhood development of attention networks and suggest that greater FC within the DAN is associated with better selective attention skills.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schuster2017,

title = {Comparison of fMRI paradigms assessing visuospatial processing: Robustness and reproducibility},

author = {Verena Schuster and Peer Herholz and Kristin M. Zimmermann and Stefan Westermann and Stefan Frässle and Andreas Jansen},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0186344},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {12},

number = {10},

pages = {1–25},

abstract = {The development of brain imaging techniques, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), made it possible to non-invasively study the hemispheric lateralization of cognitive brain functions in large cohorts. Comprehensive models of hemispheric lateralization are, however, still missing and should not only account for the hemispheric specialization of individual brain functions, but also for the interactions among different lateralized cognitive processes (e.g., language and visuospatial processing). This calls for robust and reliable paradigms to study hemispheric lateralization for various cognitive functions. While numerous reliable imaging paradigms have been developed for language, which represents the most prominent left-lateralized brain function, the reliability of imaging paradigms investigating typically right-lateralized brain functions, such as visuospatial processing, has received comparatively less attention. In the present study, we aimed to establish an fMRI paradigm that robustly and reliably identifies right-hemispheric activation evoked by visuospatial processing in individual subjects. In a first study, we therefore compared three frequently used paradigms for assessing visuospatial processing and evaluated their utility to robustly detect right-lateralized brain activity on a single-subject level. In a second study, we then assessed the test-retest reliability of the so-called Landmark task–the paradigm that yielded the most robust results in study 1. At the single-voxel level, we found poor reliability of the brain activation underlying visuospatial attention. This suggests that poor signal-to-noise ratios can become a limiting factor for test-retest reliability. This represents a common detriment of fMRI paradigms investigating visuospatial attention in general and therefore highlights the need for careful considerations of both the possibilities and limitations of the respective fMRI paradigm–in particular, when being interested in effects at the single-voxel level. Notably, however, when focusing on the reliability of measures of hemispheric lateralization (which was the main goal of study 2), we show that hemispheric dominance (quantified by the lateralization index, LI, with |LI| >0.4) of the evoked activation could be robustly determined in more than 62% and, if considering only two categories (i.e., left, right), in more than 93% of our subjects. Furthermore, the reliability of the lateralization strength (LI) was “fair” to “good”. In conclusion, our results suggest that the degree of right-hemispheric dominance during visuospatial processing can be reliably determined using the Landmark task, both at the group and single-subject level, while at the same time stressing the need for future refinements of experimental paradigms and more sophisticated fMRI data acquisition techniques.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shelton2017,

title = {Disassociation between brain activation and executive function in fragile X premutation females},

author = {Annie L. Shelton and Kim M. Cornish and Meaghan Clough and Sanuji Gajamange and Scott Kolbe and Joanne Fielding},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.23438},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {38},

number = {2},

pages = {1056–1067},

abstract = {Executive dysfunction has been demonstrated among premutation (PM) carriers (55-199 CGG repeats) of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Further, alterations to neural activation patterns have been reported during memory and comparison based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks in these carriers. For the first time, the relationships between fMRI neural activation during an interleaved ocular motor prosaccade/antisaccade paradigm, and concurrent task performance (saccade measures of latency, accuracy and error rate) in PM females were examined. Although no differences were found in whole brain activation patterns, regions of interest (ROI) analyses revealed reduced activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during antisaccade trials for PM females. Further, a series of divergent and group specific relationships were found between ROI activation and saccade measures. Specifically, for control females, activation within the right VLPFC and supramarginal gyrus correlated negatively with antisaccade latencies, while for PM females, activation within these regions was found to negatively correlate with antisaccade accuracy and error rate (right VLPFC only). For control females, activation within frontal and supplementary eye fields and bilateral intraparietal sulci correlated with prosaccade latency and accuracy; however, no significant prosaccade correlations were found for PM females. This exploratory study extends previous reports of altered prefrontal neural engagement in PM carriers, and clearly demonstrates dissociation between control and PM females in the transformation of neural activation into overt measures of executive dysfunction.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{VaziriPashkam2017,

title = {Goal-directed visual processing differentially impacts human ventral and dorsal visual representations},

author = {Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam and Yaoda Xu},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3392-16.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {36},

pages = {8767–8782},

abstract = {Recent studies have challenged the ventral/“what” and dorsal/“where” two-visual-processing-pathway view by showing the existence of “what”and“where”information in both pathways. Is thetwo-pathwaydistinction still valid? Here,weexaminedhowgoal-directed visual information processing may differentially impact visual representations in these two pathways. Using fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis, in three experiments onhumanparticipants (57% females), by manipulating whether color or shape was task-relevant andhow they were conjoined, we examined shape-based object category decoding in occipitotemporal and parietal regions.Wefound that object category representations in all the regions examined were influenced by whether or not object shape was task-relevant. This task effect, however,tendedto decrease as task-relevantandirrelevant featuresweremoreintegrated, reflecting thewell-knownobject-based feature encoding. Interestingly, task relevance played a relatively minor role in driving the representational structures of early visual and ventral object regions. They were driven predominantly by variations in object shapes. In contrast, the effect of task was much greater in dorsal than ventral regions, with object category and task relevance both contributing significantly to the representational structures of the dorsal regions. These results showed that, whereas visual representations in the ventral pathway are more invariant and reflect “what an object is,” those in the dorsal pathway are more adaptive and reflect “what we do with it.” Thus, despite the existence of “what” and “where” information in both visual processing pathways, the two pathways may still differ fundamentally in their roles in visual infor- mation representation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{White2017a,

title = {Evidence for unlimited capacity processing of simple features in visual cortex},

author = {Alex L. White and Erik Runeson and John Palmer and Zachary R. Ernst and Geoffrey M. Boynton},

doi = {10.1167/17.6.19},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {17},

number = {6},

pages = {19},

abstract = {Performance in many visual tasks is impaired when observers attempt to divide spatial attention across multiple visual field locations. Correspondingly, neuronal response magnitudes in visual cortex are often reduced during divided compared with focused spatial attention. This suggests that early visual cortex is the site of capacity limits, where finite processing resources must be divided among attended stimuli. However, behavioral research demonstrates that not all visual tasks suffer such capacity limits: The costs of divided attention are minimal when the task and stimulus are simple, such as when searching for a target defined by orientation or contrast. To date, however, every neuroimaging study of divided attention has used more complex tasks and found large reductions in response magnitude. We bridged that gap by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure responses in the human visual cortex during simple feature detection. The first experiment used a visual search task: Observers detected a low-contrast Gabor patch within one or four potentially relevant locations. The second experiment used a dual-task design, in which observers made independent judgments of Gabor presence in patches of dynamic noise at two locations. In both experiments, blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the retinotopic cortex were significantly lower for ignored than attended stimuli. However, when observers divided attention between multiple stimuli, BOLD signals were not reliably reduced and behavioral performance was unimpaired. These results suggest that processing of simple features in early visual cortex has unlimited capacity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Xu2017,

title = {Neural basis of cognitive control over movement inhibition: Human fMRI and primate electrophysiology evidence},

author = {Kitty Z. Xu and Brian A. Anderson and Erik E. Emeric and Anthony W. Sali and Veit Stuphorn and Steven Yantis and Susan M. Courtney},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.010},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Neuron},

volume = {96},

number = {6},

pages = {1447–1458.e6},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Executive control involves the ability to flexibly inhibit or change an action when it is contextually inappropriate. Using the complimentary techniques of human fMRI and monkey electrophysiology in a context-dependent stop signal task, we found a functional double dissociation between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) and the bi-lateral frontal eye field (FEF). Different regions of rVLPFC were associated with context-based signal meaning versus intention to inhibit a response, while FEF activity corresponded to success or failure of the response inhibition regardless of the stimulus response mapping or the context. These results were validated by electrophysiological recordings in rVLPFC and FEF from one monkey. Inhibition of a planned behavior is therefore likely not governed by a single brain system as had been previously proposed, but instead depends on two distinct neural processes involving different sub-regions of the rVLPFC and their interactions with other motor-related brain regions. Xu et al. present a rare combination of complementary evidence from human fMRI and primate neurophysiology, demonstrating that response inhibition is not directly accomplished by the rVLPFC, but instead requires multiple, distinct rVLPFC networks involving attention and contextual stimulus interpretation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Aine2017,

title = {Multimodal neuroimaging in schizophrenia: Description and dissemination},

author = {C. J. Aine and H. J. Bockholt and J. R. Bustillo and J. M. Cañive and A. Caprihan and C. Gasparovic and F. M. Hanlon and J. M. Houck and R. E. Jung and J. Lauriello and J. Liu and A. R. Mayer and N. I. Perrone-Bizzozero and S. Posse and Julia M. Stephen and J. A. Turner and V. P. Clark and Vince D. Calhoun},

doi = {10.1007/s12021-017-9338-9},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Neuroinformatics},

volume = {15},

number = {4},

pages = {343–364},

publisher = {Neuroinformatics},

abstract = {In this paper we describe an open-access collection ofmultimodal neuroimaging data in schizophrenia for release to the community. Data were acquired from approximately 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 age-matched controls during rest as well as several task activation paradigms targeting a hierarchy of cognitive constructs. Neuroimaging data include structural MRI, functional MRI, diffusion MRI, MR spectroscopic imaging, and magnetoencephalography. For three of the hypothesis-driven projects, task activation paradigms were acquired on subsets of~200 volunteers which examined a range of sensory and cognitive processes (e.g., auditory sensory gating, auditory/visual multisensory integration, visual transverse patterning). Neuropsychological data were also acquired and genetic material via saliva samples were collected from most of the participants and have been typed for both genome-wide polymorphism data as well as genome-wide methylation data. Some results are also present- ed from the individual studies as well as from our data-driven multimodal analyses (e.g., multimodal examinations of network structure and network dynamics and multitask fMRI data analysis across projects). All data will be released through the Mind Research Network's collaborative informatics and neuroimaging suite (COINS).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Meindertsma2017,

title = {Multiple transient signals in human visual cortex associated with an elementary decision},

author = {Thomas Meindertsma and Niels A. Kloosterman and Guido Nolte and Andreas K. Engel and Tobias H. Donner},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3835-16.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {23},

pages = {5744–5757},

abstract = {The cerebral cortex continuously undergoes changes in its state, which are manifested in transient modulations of the cortical power spectrum. Cortical state changes also occur at full wakefulness and during rapid cognitive acts, such as perceptual decisions. Previous studies found a global modulation of beta-band (12–30 Hz) activity in human and monkey visual cortex during an elementary visual decision: reporting the appearance or disappearance of salient visual targets surrounded by a distractor. The previous studies disentangled neither the motor action associated with behavioral report nor other secondary processes, such as arousal, from perceptual decision processing per se. Here, we used magnetoencephalography in humans to pinpoint the factors underlying the beta-band modulation.We found that disappearances of a salient target were associated with beta-band suppression, and target reappearances with beta-band enhancement. This was true for both overt behavioral reports (immediate button presses) and silent counting of the perceptual events. This finding indicates that the beta-band modulation was unrelated to the execution of the motor act associated with a behavioral report of the perceptual decision. Further, changes in pupil-linked arousal, fixational eye movements, or gamma-band responses were not necessary for the beta-band modulation. Together, our results suggest that the beta-band modulation was a top-down signal associated with the process of converting graded perceptual signals into a categorical format underlying flexible behavior. This signal may have been fed back from brain regions involved in decision processing to visual cortex, thus enforcing a “decision-consistent” cortical state.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Minami2017,

title = {Illusory jitter perceived at the frequency of alpha oscillations},

author = {Sorato Minami and Kaoru Amano},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.033},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {27},

number = {15},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},

abstract = {Neural oscillations, such as alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz), and gamma (30–100 Hz), are widespread across cortical areas, and their possible functional roles include feature binding [1], neuronal communication [2, 3], and memory [1, 4]. The most prominent signal among these neural oscillations is the alpha oscillation. Although accumulating evidence suggests that alpha oscillations correlate with various aspects of visual processing [5–18], the number of studies proving their causal contribution in visual perception is limited [11, 16–18]. Here we report that illusory visual vibrations are consciously experienced at the frequency of intrinsic alpha oscillations. We employed an illusory jitter perception termed the motion-induced spatial conflict [19] that originates from the cyclic interaction between motion and shape processing. Comparison between the perceived frequency of illusory jitter and the peak alpha frequency (PAF) measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) revealed that the inter- and intra-participant variations of the PAF are mirrored by an illusory jitter perception. More crucially, psychophysical and MEG measurements during amplitude-modulated current stimulation [20] showed that the PAF can be artificially manipulated, which results in a corresponding change in the perceived jitter frequency. These results suggest the causal contribution of neural oscillations at the alpha frequency in creating temporal characteristics of visual perception. Our results suggest that cortical areas, dorsal and ventral visual areas in this case, are interacting at the frequency of alpha oscillations [2, 3, 21–27].},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Popov2017,

title = {FEF-controlled alpha delay activity precedes stimulus-induced gamma-band activity in visual cortex},

author = {Tzvetan Popov and Sabine Kastner and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3015-16.2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {37},

number = {15},

pages = {4117–4127},

abstract = {Recent findings in the visual system of nonhuman primates have demonstrated an important role of gamma-band activity (40–100 Hz) in the feedforward flow of sensory information, whereas feedback control appears to be established dynamically by oscillations in the alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–18 Hz) bands (van Kerkoerle et al., 2014; Bastos et al., 2015). It is not clear, however, how alpha oscillations are controlled and how they interact with the flow of visual information mediated by gamma-band activity. Using noninvasive human MEG recordings in subjects performing a visuospatial attention task, we show that fluctuations in alpha power during a delay period in a spatial attention task preceded subsequent stimulus-driven gamma-band activity. Importantly, these interactions correlated with behavioral performance. Using Granger analysis, we further show that the right frontal-eye field (rFEF) exerted feedback control of the visual alpha oscillations. Our findings suggest that alpha oscillations controlled by the FEF route cortical information flow by modulating gamma-band activity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Proudfoot2017,

title = {Altered cortical beta-band oscillations reflect motor system degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis},

author = {Malcolm Proudfoot and Gustavo Rohenkohl and Andrew Quinn and Giles L. Colclough and Joanne Wuu and Kevin Talbot and Mark W. Woolrich and Michael Benatar and Anna C. Nobre and Martin R. Turner},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.23357},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {38},

pages = {237–254},

abstract = {Continuous rhythmic neuronal oscillations underpin local and regional cortical communication. The impact of the motor system neurodegenerative syndrome amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on the neuronal oscillations subserving movement might therefore serve as a sensitive marker of disease activity. Movement preparation and execution are consistently associated with modulations to neuronal oscillation beta (15–30 Hz) power. Cortical beta-band oscillations were measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during preparation for, execution, and completion of a visually cued, lateralized motor task that included movement inhibition trials. Eleven “classical” ALS patients, 9 with the primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) phenotype, and 12 asymptomatic carriers of ALS-associated gene mutations were compared with age-similar healthy control groups. Augmented beta desynchronization was observed in both contra- and ipsilateral motor cortices of ALS patients during motor preparation. Movement execution coincided with excess beta desynchronization in asymptomatic mutation carriers. Movement completion was followed by a slowed rebound of beta power in all symptomatic patients, further reflected in delayed hemispheric lateralization for beta rebound in the PLS group. This may correspond to the particular involvement of interhemispheric fibers of the corpus callosum previously demonstrated in diffusion tensor imaging studies. We conclude that the ALS spectrum is characterized by intensified cortical beta desynchronization followed by delayed rebound, concordant with a broader concept of cortical hyperexcitability, possibly through loss of inhibitory interneuronal influences. MEG may potentially detect cortical dysfunction prior to the development of overt symptoms, and thus be able to contribute to the assessment of future neuroprotective strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rbst17,

title = {Phase-amplitude coupling at the organism level: The amplitude of spontaneous alpha rhythm fluctuations varies with the phase of the infra-slow gastric basal rhythm},

author = {Craig G. Richter and Mariana Babo-Rebelo and Denis Schwartz and Catherine Tallon-Baudry},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.043},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {146},

pages = {951–958},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {A fundamental feature of the temporal organization of neural activity is phase-amplitude coupling between brain rhythms at different frequencies, where the amplitude of a higher frequency varies according to the phase of a lower frequency. Here, we show that this rule extends to brain-organ interactions. We measured both the infra-slow (~0.05 Hz) rhythm intrinsically generated by the stomach – the gastric basal rhythm – using electrogastrography, and spontaneous brain dynamics with magnetoencephalography during resting-state with eyes open. We found significant phase-amplitude coupling between the infra-slow gastric phase and the amplitude of the cortical alpha rhythm (10–11 Hz), with gastric phase accounting for 8% of the variance of alpha rhythm amplitude fluctuations. Gastric-alpha coupling was localized to the right anterior insula, and bilaterally to occipito-parietal regions. Transfer entropy, a measure of directionality of information transfer, indicates that gastric-alpha coupling is due to an ascending influence from the stomach to both the right anterior insula and occipito-parietal regions. Our results show that phase-amplitude coupling so far only observed within the brain extends to brain-viscera interactions. They further reveal that the temporal structure of spontaneous brain activity depends not only on neuron and network properties endogenous to the brain, but also on the slow electrical rhythm generated by the stomach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Staudigl2017,

title = {Saccades are phase-locked to alpha oscillations in the occipital and medial temporal lobe enhance memory encoding},

author = {Tobias Staudigl and Elisabeth Hartl and Soheyl Noachtar and Christian F. Doeller and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1101/158758},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Biology},

volume = {15},

number = {12},

pages = {e2003404},

abstract = {Efficient sampling of visual information requires a coordination of eye movements and ongoing brain oscillations. Using intracranial and MEG recordings, we show that saccades are locked to the phase of visual alpha oscillations, and that this coordination supports mnemonic encoding of visual scenes. Furthermore, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex involvement in this coordination reflects effective vision-to-memory mapping, highlighting the importance of neural oscillations for the interaction between visual and memory domains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wildegger2017,

title = {Preparatory α-band oscillations reflect spatial gating independently of predictions regarding target identity},

author = {Theresa Wildegger and Freek Ede and Mark W. Woolrich and Céline R. Gillebert and Anna C. Nobre},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00856.2016},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},

volume = {117},

number = {3},

pages = {1385–1394},

abstract = {Preparatory modulations of cortical alpha-band oscillations are a reliable index of the voluntary allocation of covert spatial attention. It is currently unclear whether attentional cues containing information about a target's identity (such as its visual orientation), in addition to its location, might additionally shape preparatory alpha modulations. Here, we explore this question by directly comparing spatial and feature-based attention in the same visual detection task while recording brain activity using magneto-encephalography (MEG). At the behavioural level, preparatory feature-based and spatial attention cues both improved performance, and did so independently of each other. Using MEG, we replicated robust alpha lateralisation following spatial cues: in preparation for a visual target, alpha power decreased contralaterally, and increased ipsilaterally to the attended location. Critically, however, preparatory alpha lateralisation was not significantly modulated by predictions regarding target identity, as carried via the behaviourally effective feature-based attention cues. Furthermore, non-lateralised alpha power during the cue-target interval did not differentiate between uninformative cues and cues carrying feature-based predictions either. Based on these results we propose that preparatory alpha modulations play a role in the gating of information between spatially segregated cortical regions, and are therefore particularly well suited for spatial gating of information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee2016,

title = {Neural correlates of predictive saccades},

author = {Stephen M. Lee and Alicia Peltsch and Maureen Kilmade and Donald C. Brien and Brian C. Coe and Ingrid S. Johnsrude and Douglas P. Munoz},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00968},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-08-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {28},

number = {8},

pages = {1210–1227},

publisher = {MIT PressOne Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1209USAjournals-info@mit.edu},

abstract = {Every day we generate motor responses that are timed with external cues. This phenomenon of sensorimotor synchronization has been simplified and studied extensively using finger tapping sequences that are executed in synchrony with auditory stimuli. The predictive saccade paradigm closely resembles the finger tapping task. In this paradigm, participants follow a visual target that “steps” between two fixed locations on a visual screen at predictable ISIs. Eventually, the time from target appearance to saccade initiation (i.e., saccadic RT) becomes predictive with values nearing 0 msec. Unlike the finger tapping literature, neural control of predictive behavior described within the eye movement literature has not been well established and is inconsistent, especially between neuroimaging and patient lesion studies. To resolve these discrepancies, we used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of predictive saccades by con- trasting brain areas involved with behavior generated from the predictive saccade task with behavior generated from a reactive saccade task (saccades are generated toward targets that are unpredictably timed). We observed striking differences in neural recruitment between reactive and predictive conditions: Reactive saccades recruited oculomotor structures, as predicted, whereas predictive saccades recruited brain structures that support tim- ing inmotor responses, such as the crus I of the cerebellum, and structures commonly associated with the default mode network. Therefore, our results were more consistent with those found in the finger tapping literature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Michalka2016,

title = {Auditory spatial coding flexibly recruits anterior, but not posterior, visuotopic parietal cortex},

author = {Samantha W. Michalka and Maya L. Rosen and Lingqiang Kong and Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham and David C. Somers},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv303},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {3},

pages = {1302–1308},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Audition and vision both convey spatial information about the environment, but much less is known about mechanisms of auditory spatial cognition than visual spatial cognition. Human cortex contains >20 visuospatial map representations but no reported auditory spatial maps. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) contains several of these visuospatial maps, which support visuospatial attention and short-term memory (STM). Neuroimaging studies also demonstrate that parietal cortex is activated during auditory spatial attention and working memory tasks, but prior work has not demonstrated that auditory activation occurs within visual spatial maps in parietal cortex. Here, we report both cognitive and anatomical distinctions in the auditory recruitment of visuotopically mapped regions within the superior parietal lobule. An auditory spatial STM task recruited anterior visuotopic maps (IPS2-4, SPL1), but an auditory temporal STM task with equivalent stimuli failed to drive these regions significantly. Behavioral and eye-tracking measures rule out task difficulty and eye movement explanations. Neither auditory task recruited posterior regions IPS0 or IPS1, which appear to be exclusively visual. These findings support the hypothesis of multisensory spatial processing in the anterior, but not posterior, superior parietal lobule and demonstrate that recruitment of these maps depends on auditory task demands.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Astafiev2016,

title = {Exploring the physiological correlates of chronic mild traumatic brain injury symptoms},

author = {Serguei V. Astafiev and Kristina L. Zinn and Gordon L. Shulman and Maurizio Corbetta},

doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2016.01.004},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage: Clinical},

volume = {11},

pages = {10–19},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {We report on the results of a multimodal imaging study involving behavioral assessments, evoked and resting-state BOLD fMRI, and DTI in chronic mTBI subjects. We found that larger task-evoked BOLD activity in the MT+/LO region in extra-striate visual cortex correlated with mTBI and PTSD symptoms, especially light sensitivity. Moreover, higher FA values near the left optic radiation (OR) were associated with both light sensitivity and higher BOLD activity in the MT+/LO region. The MT+/LO region was localized as a region of abnormal functional connectivity with central white matter regions previously found to have abnormal physiological signals during visual eye movement tracking (Astafiev et al., 2015). We conclude that mTBI symptoms and light sensitivity may be related to excessive responsiveness of visual cortex to sensory stimuli. This abnormal sensitivity may be related to chronic remodeling of white matter visual pathways acutely injured.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brissenden2016,

title = {Functional evidence for a cerebellar node of the dorsal attention network},

author = {James A. Brissenden and Emily J. Levin and David E. Osher and Mark A. Halko and David C. Somers},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0344-16.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {22},

pages = {6083–6096},

abstract = {The "dorsal attention network" or "frontoparietal network" refers to a network of cortical regions that support sustained attention and working memory. Recent work has demonstrated that cortical nodes of the dorsal attention network possess intrinsic functional connections with a region in ventral cerebellum, in the vicinity of lobules VII/VIII. Here, we performed a series of task-based and resting-state fMRI experiments to investigate cerebellar participation in the dorsal attention network in humans. We observed that visual working memory and visual attention tasks robustly recruit cerebellar lobules VIIb and VIIIa, in addition to canonical cortical dorsal attention network regions. Across the cerebellum, resting-state functional connectivity with the cortical dorsal attention network strongly predicted the level of activation produced by attention and working memory tasks. Critically, cerebellar voxels that were most strongly connected with the dorsal attention network selectively exhibited load-dependent activity, a hallmark of the neural structures that support visual working memory. Finally, we examined intrinsic functional connectivity between task-responsive portions of cerebellar lobules VIIb/VIIIa and cortex. Cerebellum-to-cortex functional connectivity strongly predicted the pattern of cortical activation during task performance. Moreover, resting-state connectivity patterns revealed that cerebellar lobules VIIb/VIIIa group with cortical nodes of the dorsal attention network. This evidence leads us to conclude that the conceptualization of the dorsal attention network should be expanded to include cerebellar lobules VIIb/VIIIa.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Choo2016,

title = {Contour junctions underlie neural representations of scene categories in high-level human visual cortex: Contour junctions underlie neural representations of scenes},

author = {Heeyoung Choo and Dirk B. Walther},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.021},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {135},

pages = {32–44},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Humans efficiently grasp complex visual environments, making highly consistent judgments of entry-level category despite their high variability in visual appearance. How does the human brain arrive at the invariant neural representations underlying categorization of real-world environments? We here show that the neural representation of visual environments in scene-selective human visual cortex relies on statistics of contour junctions, which provide cues for the three-dimensional arrangement of surfaces in a scene. We manipulated line drawings of real-world environments such that statistics of contour orientations or junctions were disrupted. Manipulated and intact line drawings were presented to participants in an fMRI experiment. Scene categories were decoded from neural activity patterns in the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the occipital place area (OPA) and other visual brain regions. Disruption of junctions but not orientations led to a drastic decrease in decoding accuracy in the PPA and OPA, indicating the reliance of these areas on intact junction statistics. Accuracy of decoding from early visual cortex, on the other hand, was unaffected by either image manipulation. We further show that the correlation of error patterns between decoding from the scene-selective brain areas and behavioral experiments is contingent on intact contour junctions. Finally, a searchlight analysis exposes the reliance of visually active brain regions on different sets of contour properties. Statistics of contour length and curvature dominate neural representations of scene categories in early visual areas and contour junctions in high-level scene-selective brain regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Desai2016,

title = {Toward semantics in the wild: Activation to manipulable nouns in naturalistic reading},

author = {Rutvik H. Desai and Wonil Choi and Vicky T. Lai and John M. Henderson},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1480-15.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {14},

pages = {4050–4055},

abstract = {The neural basis of language processing, in the context of naturalistic reading of connected text, is a crucial but largely unexplored area. Here we combined functional MRI and eye tracking to examine the reading of text presented as whole paragraphs in two experiments with human subjects. We registered high-temporal resolution eye-tracking data to a low-temporal resolution BOLD signal to extract responses to single words during naturalistic reading where two to four words are typically processed per second. As a test case of a lexical variable, we examined the response to noun manipulability. In both experiments, signal in the left anterior inferior parietal lobule and posterior inferior temporal gyrus and sulcus was positively correlated with noun manipulability. These regions are associated with both action performance and action semantics, and their activation is consistent with a number of previous studies involving tool words and physical tool use. The results show that even during rapid reading of connected text, where semantics of words may be activated only partially, the meaning of manipulable nouns is grounded in action performance systems. This supports the grounded cognition view of semantics, which posits a close link between sensory-motor and conceptual systems of the brain. On the methodological front, these results demonstrate that BOLD responses to lexical variables during naturalistic reading can be extracted by simultaneous use of eye tracking. This opens up new avenues for the study of language and reading in the context of connected text.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dombert2016a,

title = {Functional mechanisms of probabilistic inference in feature- and space-based attentional systems},

author = {Pascasie L. Dombert and Anna B. Kuhns and Paola Mengotti and Gereon R. Fink and Simone Vossel},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.010},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {142},

pages = {553–564},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Humans flexibly attend to features or locations and these processes are influenced by the probability of sensory events. We combined computational modeling of response times with fMRI to compare the functional correlates of (re-)orienting, and the modulation by probabilistic inference in spatial and feature-based attention systems. Twenty-four volunteers performed two task versions with spatial or color cues. Percentage of cue validity changed unpredictably. A hierarchical Bayesian model was used to derive trial-wise estimates of probability-dependent attention, entering the fMRI analysis as parametric regressors. Attentional orienting activated a dorsal frontoparietal network in both tasks, without significant parametric modulation. Spatially invalid trials activated a bilateral frontoparietal network and the precuneus, while invalid feature trials activated the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Probability-dependent attention modulated activity in the precuneus, left posterior IPS, middle occipital gyrus, and right temporoparietal junction for spatial attention, and in the left anterior IPS for feature-based and spatial attention. These findings provide novel insights into the generality and specificity of the functional basis of attentional control. They suggest that probabilistic inference can distinctively affect each attentional subsystem, but that there is an overlap in the left IPS, which responds to both spatial and feature-based expectancy violations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ferri2016,

title = {Emotion regulation and amygdala-precuneus connectivity: Focusing on attentional deployment},

author = {Jamie Ferri and Joseph Schmidt and Greg Hajcak and Turhan Canli},

doi = {10.3758/s13415-016-0447-y},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience},

volume = {16},

number = {6},

pages = {991–1002},

publisher = {Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience},

abstract = {Attentional deployment is an emotion regulation strategy that involves shifting attentional focus. Deploying attention to non-arousing, compared to arousing, regions of unpleasant images has been associated with reduced negative affect, reduced amygdala activation, and increased activity in fronto-parietal control networks. The current study examined neural correlates and functional connectivity associated with using attentional deployment to increase negative affect (deploying attention towards arousing unpleasant information) or to decrease negative affect (deploying attention away from arousing unpleasant information), compared to naturally viewing unpleasant images, in 42 individuals while concurrently monitoring eye movements. Directing attention to both arousing and non-arousing regions resulted in enhanced fronto-parietal activation compared to natural viewing, but only directing attention to non-arousing regions was associated with changes in amygdala activation. There were no significant differences in connectivity between naturally viewing unpleasant images and focusing on arousing regions. However, naturally viewing unpleasant images, relative to focusing on non-arousing regions, was associated with increased connectivity between the amygdala and visual cortex, while focusing on non-arousing regions of unpleasant images, compared to natural viewing, was associated with increased connectivity between the amygdala and the precuneus. Amygdala-precuneus connectivity correlated positively with eye-tracking measures of attentional deployment success and with trait reappraisal. Deploying attention away from arousing unpleasant information, then, may depend upon functional relationships between the amygdala and parietal regions implicated in attentional control. Furthermore, these relationships might relate to the ability to successfully implement attentional deployment, and the predisposition to utilize adaptive emotion regulation strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fraessle2016,

title = {Handedness is related to neural mechanisms underlying hemispheric lateralization of face processing},

author = {Stefan Frässle and Sören Krach and Frieder M. Paulus and Andreas Jansen},

doi = {10.1038/srep27153},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {6},

pages = {27153},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {While the right-hemispheric lateralization of the face perception network is well established, recent evidence suggests that handedness affects the cerebral lateralization of face processing at the hierarchical level of the fusiform face area (FFA). However, the neural mechanisms underlying differential hemispheric lateralization of face perception in right- and left-handers are largely unknown. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI, we aimed to unravel the putative processes that mediate handedness-related differences by investigating the effective connectivity in the bilateral core face perception network. Our results reveal an enhanced recruitment of the left FFA in left-handers compared to right-handers, as evidenced by more pronounced face-specific modulatory influences on both intra- and interhemispheric connections. As structural and physiological correlates of handedness- related differences in face processing, right- and left-handers varied with regard to their gray matter volume in the left fusiform gyrus and their pupil responses to face stimuli. Overall, these results describe how handedness is related to the lateralization of the core face perception network, and point to different neural mechanisms underlying face processing in right- and left-handers. In a wider context, this demonstrates the entanglement of structurally and functionally remote brain networks, suggesting a broader underlying process regulating brain lateralization.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fraessle2016a,

title = {Mechanisms of hemispheric lateralization: Asymmetric interhemispheric recruitment in the face perception network},

author = {Stefan Frässle and Frieder M. Paulus and Sören Krach and Stefan Robert Schweinberger and Klaas Enno Stephan and Andreas Jansen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.055},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {124},

pages = {977–988},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Perceiving human faces constitutes a fundamental ability of the human mind, integrating a wealth of information essential for social interactions in everyday life. Neuroimaging studies have unveiled a distributed neural network consisting of multiple brain regions in both hemispheres. Whereas the individual regions in the face perception network and the right-hemispheric dominance for face processing have been subject to intensive research, the functional integration among these regions and hemispheres has received considerably less attention. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI, we analyzed the effective connectivity between the core regions in the face perception network of healthy humans to unveil the mechanisms underlying both intra- and interhemispheric integration. Our results suggest that the right-hemispheric lateralization of the network is due to an asymmetric face-specific interhemispheric recruitment at an early processing stage - that is, at the level of the occipital face area (OFA) but not the fusiform face area (FFA). As a structural correlate, we found that OFA gray matter volume was correlated with this asymmetric interhemispheric recruitment. Furthermore, exploratory analyses revealed that interhemispheric connection asymmetries were correlated with the strength of pupil constriction in response to faces, a measure with potential sensitivity to holistic (as opposed to feature-based) processing of faces. Overall, our findings thus provide a mechanistic description for lateralized processes in the core face perception network, point to a decisive role of interhemispheric integration at an early stage of face processing among bilateral OFA, and tentatively indicate a relation to individual variability in processing strategies for faces. These findings provide a promising avenue for systematic investigations of the potential role of interhemispheric integration in future studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gertz2016,

title = {Violating instructed human agency: An fMRI study on ocular tracking of biological and nonbiological motion stimuli},

author = {Hanna Gertz and Maximilian Hilger and Mathias Hegele and Katja Fiehler},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.043},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {138},

pages = {109–122},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Previous studies have shown that beliefs about the human origin of a stimulus are capable of modulating the coupling of perception and action. Such beliefs can be based on top-down recognition of the identity of an actor or bottom-up observation of the behavior of the stimulus. Instructed human agency has been shown to lead to superior tracking performance of a moving dot as compared to instructed computer agency, especially when the dot followed a biological velocity profile and thus matched the predicted movement, whereas a violation of instructed human agency by a nonbiological dot motion impaired oculomotor tracking (Zwickel et al., 2012). This suggests that the instructed agency biases the selection of predictive models on the movement trajectory of the dot motion. The aim of the present fMRI study was to examine the neural correlates of top-down and bottom-up modulations of perception–action couplings by manipulating the instructed agency (human action vs. computer-generated action) and the observable behavior of the stimulus (biological vs. nonbiological velocity profile). To this end, participants performed an oculomotor tracking task in an MRI environment. Oculomotor tracking activated areas of the eye movement network. A right-hemisphere occipito-temporal cluster comprising the motion-sensitive area V5 showed a preference for the biological as compared to the nonbiological velocity profile. Importantly, a mismatch between instructed human agency and a nonbiological velocity profile primarily activated medial–frontal areas comprising the frontal pole, the paracingulate gyrus, and the anterior cingulate gyrus, as well as the cerebellum and the supplementary eye field as part of the eye movement network. This mismatch effect was specific to the instructed human agency and did not occur in conditions with a mismatch between instructed computer agency and a biological velocity profile. Our results support the hypothesis that humans activate a specific predictive model for biological movements based on their own motor expertise. A violation of this predictive model causes costs as the movement needs to be corrected in accordance with incoming (nonbiological) sensory information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gonzalez2016a,

title = {The involvement of the fronto-parietal brain network in oculomotor sequence learning using fMRI},

author = {Claudia C. Gonzalez and Jac Billington and Melanie R. Burke},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.021},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neuropsychologia},

volume = {87},

pages = {1–11},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The basis of motor learning involves decomposing complete actions into a series of predictive individual components that form the whole. The present fMRI study investigated the areas of the human brain important for oculomotor short-term learning, by using a novel sequence learning paradigm that is equivalent in visual and temporal properties for both saccades and pursuit, enabling more direct comparisons between the oculomotor subsystems. In contrast with previous studies that have implemented a series of discrete ramps to observe predictive behaviour as evidence for learning, we presented a continuous sequence of interlinked components that better represents sequences of actions. We implemented both a classic univariate fMRI analysis, followed by a further multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) within a priori regions of interest, to investigate oculomotor sequence learning in the brain and to determine whether these mechanisms overlap in pursuit and saccades as part of a higher order learning network. This study has uniquely identified an equivalent frontal-parietal network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortex) in both saccades and pursuit sequence learning. In addition, this is the first study to investigate oculomotor sequence learning during fMRI brain imaging, and makes significant contributions to understanding the role of the dorsal networks in motor learning.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hanke2016,

title = {A studyforrest extension, simultaneous fMRI and eye gaze recordings during prolonged natural stimulation},

author = {Michael Hanke and Nico Adelhöfer and Daniel Kottke and Vittorio Iacovella and Ayan Sengupta and Falko R. Kaule and Roland Nigbur and Alexander Q. Waite and Florian Baumgartner and Jörg Stadler},

doi = {10.1038/sdata.2016.92},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {3},

pages = {160092},

abstract = {Here we present an update of the studyforrest (http://studyforrest.org) dataset that complements the previously released functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for natural language processing with a new two-hour 3 Tesla fMRI acquisition while 15 of the original participants were shown an audio-visual version of the stimulus motion picture. We demonstrate with two validation analyses that these new data support modeling specific properties of the complex natural stimulus, as well as a substantial within-subject BOLD response congruency in brain areas related to the processing of auditory inputs, speech, and narrative when compared to the existing fMRI data for audio-only stimulation. In addition, we provide participants' eye gaze location as recorded simultaneously with fMRI, and an additional sample of 15 control participants whose eye gaze trajectories for the entire movie were recorded in a lab setting-to enable studies on attentional processes and comparative investigations on the potential impact of the stimulation setting on these processes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Henderson2016,

title = {Language structure in the brain: A fixation-related fMRI study of syntactic surprisal in reading},

author = {John M. Henderson and Wonil Choi and Matthew W. Lowder and Fernanda Ferreira},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.050},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {132},

pages = {293–300},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {How is syntactic analysis implemented by the human brain during language comprehension? The current study combined methods from computational linguistics, eyetracking, and fMRI to address this question. Subjects read passages of text presented as paragraphs while their eye movements were recorded in an MRI scanner. We parsed the text using a probabilistic context-free grammar to isolate syntactic difficulty. Syntactic difficulty was quantified as syntactic surprisal, which is related to the expectedness of a given word's syntactic category given its preceding context. We compared words with high and low syntactic surprisal values that were equated for length, frequency, and lexical surprisal, and used fixation-related (FIRE) fMRI to measure neural activity associated with syntactic surprisal for each fixated word. We observed greater neural activity for high than low syntactic surprisal in two predicted cortical regions previously identified with syntax: left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and less robustly, left anterior superior temporal lobe (ATL). These results support the hypothesis that left IFG and ATL play a central role in syntactic analysis during language comprehension. More generally, the results suggest a broader cortical network associated with syntactic prediction that includes increased activity in bilateral IFG and insula, as well as fusiform and right lingual gyri.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hummer2016,

title = {Eye tracker-based gaze correction for robust mapping of population receptive fields},

author = {A. Hummer and M. Ritter and M. Tik and A. A. Ledolter and M. Woletz and G. E. Holder and Serge O. Dumoulin and U. Schmidt-Erfurth and C. Windischberger},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.003},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {142},

pages = {211–224},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Functional MRI enables the acquisition of a retinotopic map that relates regions of the visual field to neural populations in the visual cortex. During such a “population receptive field” (PRF) experiment, stable gaze fixation is of utmost importance in order to correctly link the presented stimulus patterns to stimulated retinal regions and the resulting Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) response of the appropriate region within the visual cortex. A method is described that compensates for unstable gaze fixation by recording gaze position via an eyetracker and subsequently modifies the input stimulus underlying the PRF analysis according to the eyetracking measures. Here we show that PRF maps greatly improve when the method is applied to data acquired with either saccadic or smooth eye movements. We conclude that the technique presented herein is useful for studies involving subjects with unstable gaze fixation, particularly elderly patient populations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Intaite2016,

title = {Working memory load influences perceptual ambiguity by competing for fronto-parietal attentional resources},

author = {Monika Intaitė and João Valente Duarte and Miguel Castelo-Branco},

doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.044},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Research},

volume = {1650},

pages = {142–151},

abstract = {A visual stimulus is defined as ambiguous when observers perceive it as having at least two distinct and spontaneously alternating interpretations. Neuroimaging studies suggest an involvement of a right fronto-parietal network regulating the balance between stable percepts and the triggering of alternative interpretations. As spontaneous perceptual reversals may occur even in the absence of attention to these stimuli, we investigated neural activity patterns in response to perceptual changes of ambiguous Necker cube under different amounts of working memory load using a dual-task design. We hypothesized that the same regions that process working memory load are involved in perceptual switching and confirmed the prediction that perceptual reversals led to fMRI responses that linearly depended on load. Accordingly, posterior Superior Parietal Lobule, anterior Prefrontal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortices exhibited differential BOLD signal changes in response to perceptual reversals under working memory load. Our results also suggest that the posterior Superior Parietal Lobule may be directly involved in the emergence of perceptual reversals, given that it specifically reflects both perceptual versus real changes and load levels. The anterior Prefrontal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortices, showing a significant interaction between reversal levels and load, might subserve a modulatory role in such reversals, in a mirror symmetric way: in the former activation is suppressed by the highest loads, and in the latter deactivation is reduced by highest loads, suggesting a more direct role of the aPFC in reversal generation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jeong2016,

title = {The impact of top-down spatial attention on laterality and hemispheric asymmetry in the human parietal cortex},

author = {Su Keun Jeong and Yaoda Xu},

doi = {10.1167/16.10.2},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {16},

number = {10},

pages = {1–21},

abstract = {The human parietal cortex exhibits a preference to contralaterally presented visual stimuli (i.e., laterality) as well as an asymmetry between the two hemispheres with the left parietal cortex showing greater laterality than the right. Using visual short-term memory and perceptual tasks and varying target location predictability, this study examined whether hemispheric laterality and asymmetry are fixed characteristics of the human parietal cortex or whether they are dynamic and modulated by the deployment of top-down attention to the target present hemifield. Two parietal regions were examined here that have previously been shown to be involved in visual object individuation and identification and are located in the inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), respectively. Across three experiments, significant laterality was found in both parietal regions regardless of attentional modulation with laterality being greater in the inferior than superior IPS, consistent with their roles in object individuation and identification, respectively. Although the deployment of top-down attention had no effect on the superior IPS, it significantly increased laterality in the inferior IPS. The deployment of top-down spatial attention can thus amplify the strength of laterality in the inferior IPS. Hemispheric asymmetry, on the other hand, was absent in both brain regions and only emerged in the inferior but not the superior IPS with the deployment of top-down attention. Interestingly, the strength of hemispheric asymmetry significantly correlated with the strength of laterality in the inferior IPS. Hemispheric asymmetry thus seems to only emerge when there is a sufficient amount of laterality present in a brain region.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kasparbauer2016,

title = {Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements},

author = {Anna-Maria Kasparbauer and Inga Meyhöfer and Maria Steffens and Bernd Weber and Merve Aydin and Veena Kumari and Rene Hurlemann and Ulrich Ettinger},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.012},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {141},

pages = {52–59},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Introduction: Nicotine and methylphenidate are putative cognitive enhancers in healthy and patient populations. Although they stimulate different neurotransmitter systems, they have been shown to enhance performance on overlapping measures of attention. So far, there has been no direct comparison of the effects of these two stimulants on behavioural performance or brain function in healthy humans. Here, we directly compare the two compounds using a well-established oculomotor biomarker in order to explore common and distinct behavioural and neural effects. Methods: Eighty-two healthy male non-smokers performed a smooth pursuit eye movement task while lying in an fMRI scanner. In a between-subjects, double-blind design, subjects either received placebo (placebo patch and capsule), nicotine (7 mg nicotine patch and placebo capsule), or methylphenidate (placebo patch and 40 mg methylphenidate capsule). Results: There were no significant drug effects on behavioural measures. At the neural level, methylphenidate elicited higher activation in left frontal eye field compared to nicotine, with an intermediate response under placebo. Discussion: The reduced activation of task-related regions under nicotine could be associated with more efficient neural processing, while increased hemodynamic response under methylphenidate is interpretable as enhanced processing of task-relevant networks. Together, these findings suggest dissociable neural effects of these putative cognitive enhancers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Knapen2016a,

title = {Oculomotor remapping of visual information to foveal retinotopic cortex},

author = {Tomas Knapen and Jascha D. Swisher and Frank Tong and Patrick Cavanagh},

doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2016.00054},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},

volume = {10},

pages = {54},

abstract = {Our eyes continually jump around the visual scene to bring the high-resolution, central part of our vision onto objects of interest. We are oblivious to these abrupt shifts, perceiving the visual world to appear reassuringly stable. A process called remapping has been proposed to mediate this perceptual stability for attended objects by shifting their retinotopic representation to compensate for the effects of the upcoming eye movement. In everyday vision, observers make goal-directed eye movements towards items of interest bringing them to the fovea and, for these items, the remapped activity should impinge on foveal regions of the retinotopic maps in visual cortex. Previous research has focused instead on remapping for targets that were not saccade goals, where activity is remapped to a new peripheral location rather than to the foveal representation. We used functional MRI and a phase-encoding design to investigate remapping of spatial patterns of activity towards the fovea/parafovea for saccade targets that were removed prior to completion of the eye movement. We found strong evidence of foveal remapping in retinotopic visual areas, which failed to occur when observers merely attended to the same peripheral target without making eye movements toward it. Significantly, the spatial profile of the remapped response matched the orientation and size of the saccade target, and was appropriately scaled to reflect the retinal extent of the stimulus had it been foveated. We conclude that this remapping of spatially structured information to the fovea may serve as an important mechanism to support our world-centered sense of location across goal-directed eye movements under natural viewing conditions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lescroart2016,

title = {No evidence for automatic remapping of stimulus features or location found with fMRI},

author = {Mark D. Lescroart and Nancy Kanwisher and Julie D. Golomb},

doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2016.00053},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},

volume = {10},

pages = {53},

abstract = {The input to our visual system shifts every time we move our eyes. To maintain a stable percept of the world, visual representations must be updated with each saccade. Near the time of a saccade, neurons in several visual areas become sensitive to the regions of visual space that their receptive fields occupy after the saccade. This process, known as remapping, transfers information from one set of neurons to another, and may provide a mechanism for visual stability. However, it is not clear whether remapping transfers information about stimulus features in addition to information about stimulus location. To investigate this issue, we recorded BOLD fMRI responses while human subjects viewed images of faces and houses (two visual categories with many feature differences). Immediately after some image presentations, subjects made a saccade that moved the previously stimulated location to the opposite side of the visual field. We then used a combination of univariate analyses and multivariate pattern analyses to test whether information about stimulus location and stimulus features were remapped to the ipsilateral hemisphere after the saccades. We found no reliable indication of stimulus feature remapping in any region. However, we also found no reliable indication of stimulus location remapping, despite the fact that our paradigm was highly similar to previous fMRI studies of remapping. The absence of location remapping in our study precludes strong conclusions regarding feature remapping. However, these results also suggest that measurement of location remapping with fMRI depends strongly on the details of the experimental paradigm used. We highlight differences in our approach from the original fMRI studies of remapping, discuss potential reasons for the failure to generalize prior location remapping results, and suggest directions for future research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oberwelland2016,

title = {Look into my eyes: Investigating joint attention using interactive eye-tracking and fMRI in a developmental sample},

author = {E. Oberwelland and Leonhard Schilbach and I. Barisic and Sarah C. Krall and K. Vogeley and Gereon R. Fink and B. Herpertz-Dahlmann and Kerstin Konrad and Martin Schulte-Rüther},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.026},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {130},

pages = {248–260},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Joint attention, the shared attentional focus of at least two people on a third significant object, is one of the earliest steps in social development and an essential aspect of reciprocal interaction. However, the neural basis of joint attention (JA) in the course of development is completely unknown. The present study made use of an interactive eye-tracking paradigm in order to examine the developmental trajectories of JA and the influence of a familiar interaction partner during the social encounter. Our results show that across children and adolescents JA elicits a similar network of "social brain" areas as well as attention and motor control associated areas as in adults. While other-initiated JA particularly recruited visual, attention and social processing areas, self-initiated JA specifically activated areas related to social cognition, decision-making, emotions and motivational/reward processes highlighting the rewarding character of self-initiated JA. Activation was further enhanced during self-initiated JA with a familiar interaction partner. With respect to developmental effects, activation of the precuneus declined from childhood to adolescence and additionally shifted from a general involvement in JA towards a more specific involvement for self-initiated JA. Similarly, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) was broadly involved in JA in children and more specialized for self-initiated JA in adolescents. Taken together, this study provides first-time data on the developmental trajectories of JA and the effect of a familiar interaction partner incorporating the interactive character of JA, its reciprocity and motivational aspects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Phillipou2016,

title = {Resting state functional connectivity in anorexia nervosa},

author = {Andrea Phillipou and Larry Allen Abel and David Jonathan Castle and Matthew Edward Hughes and Richard Grant Nibbs and Caroline T. Gurvich and Susan Lee Rossell},

doi = {10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.008},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging},

volume = {251},

pages = {45–52},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness characterised by a disturbance in body image, a fear of weight gain and significantly low body weight. The factors involved in the genesis and maintenance of AN are unclear, though the potential neurobiological underpinnings of the condition are of increasing interest. Through the investigation of functional connectivity of the brain at rest, information relating to neuronal communication and integration of information that may relate to behaviours and cognitive symptoms can be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate functional connectivity of the default mode network, and sensorimotor and visual networks in AN. 26 females with AN and 27 healthy control participants matched for age, gender and premorbid intelligence underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Default mode network functional connectivity did not differ between groups. AN participants displayed reduced functional connectivity between the sensorimotor and visual networks, in comparison to healthy controls. This finding is discussed in terms of differences in visuospatial processing in AN and the distortion of body image experienced by these individuals. Overall, the findings suggest that sensorimotor and visual network connectivity may be related to visuospatial processing in AN, though, further research is required.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{r16,

title = {Functional MRI representational similarity analysis reveals a dissociation between discriminative and relative location information in the human visual system},

author = {Zvi N. Roth},

doi = {10.3389/fnint.2016.00016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},

volume = {10},

pages = {16},

abstract = {Neural responses in visual cortex are governed by a topographic mapping from retinal locations to cortical responses. Moreover, at the voxel population level early visual cortex (EVC) activity enables accurate decoding of stimuli locations. However, in many cases information enabling one to discriminate between locations (i.e. discriminative information) may be less relevant than information regarding the relative location of two objects (i.e. relative information). For example, when planning to grab a cup, determining whether the cup is located at the same retinal location as the hand is hardly relevant, whereas the location of the cup relative to the hand is crucial for performing the action. We have previously used multivariate pattern analysis techniques to measure discriminative location information, and found the highest levels in early visual cortex, in line with other studies. Here we show, using representational similarity analysis, that availability of discriminative information in fMRI activation patterns does not entail availability of relative information. Specifically, we find that relative location information can be reliably extracted from activity patterns in posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS), but not from EVC, where we find the spatial representation to be warped. We further show that this variability in relative information levels between regions can be explained by a computational model based on an array of receptive fields. Moreover, when the model's receptive fields are extended to include inhibitory surround regions, the model can account for the spatial warping in EVC. These results demonstrate how size and shape properties of receptive fields in human visual cortex contribute to the transformation of discriminative spatial representation into relative spatial representation along the visual stream.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schuster2016,

title = {Words in context: The effects of length, frequency, and predictability on brain responses during natural reading},

author = {Sarah Schuster and Stefan Hawelka and Florian Hutzler and Martin Kronbichler and Fabio Richlan},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw184},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {10},

pages = {3889–3904},

abstract = {Word length, frequency, and predictability count among the most influential variables during reading. Their effects are well-documented in eye movement studies, but pertinent evidence from neuroimaging primarily stem from single-word presentations. We investigated the effects of these variables during reading of whole sentences with simultaneous eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fixation-related fMRI). Increasing word length was associated with increasing activation in occipital areas linked to visual analysis. Additionally, length elicited a U-shaped modulation (i.e., least activation for medium-length words) within a brain stem region presumably linked to eye movement control. These effects, however, were diminished when accounting for multiple fixation cases. Increasing frequency was associated with decreasing activation within left inferior frontal, superior parietal, and occipito-temporal regions. The function of the latter region-hosting the putative visual word form area-was originally considered as limited to sublexical processing. An exploratory analysis revealed that increasing predictability was associated with decreasing activation within middle temporal and inferior frontal regions previously implicated in memory access and unification. The findings are discussed with regard to their correspondence with findings from single-word presentations and with regard to neurocognitive models of visual word recognition, semantic processing, and eye movement control during reading.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Steffens2016,

title = {Effects of ketamine on brain function during smooth pursuit eye movements},

author = {Maria Steffens and B. Becker and C. Neumann and Anna-Maria Kasparbauer and Inga Meyhöfer and Bernd Weber and Mitul A. Mehta and R. Hurlemann and Ulrich Ettinger},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.23294},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {37},

number = {11},

pages = {4047–4060},

abstract = {The uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine has been proposed to model symptoms of psychosis. Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are an established biomarker of schizophrenia. SPEM performance has been shown to be impaired in the schizophrenia spectrum and during ketamine administration in healthy volunteers. However, the neural mechanisms mediating SPEM impairments during ketamine administration are unknown. In a counter-balanced, placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subjects design, 27 healthy participants received intravenous racemic ketamine (100 ng/mL target plasma concentration) on one of two assessment days and placebo (intravenous saline) on the other. Participants performed a block-design SPEM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla field strength. Self-ratings of psychosis-like experiences were obtained using the Psychotomimetic States Inventory (PSI). Ketamine administration induced psychosis-like symptoms, during ketamine infusion, participants showed increased ratings on the PSI dimensions cognitive disorganization, delusional thinking, perceptual distortion and mania. Ketamine led to robust deficits in SPEM performance, which were accompanied by reduced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the SPEM network including primary visual cortex, area V5 and the right frontal eye field (FEF), compared to placebo. A measure of connectivity with V5 and FEF as seed regions, however, was not significantly affected by ketamine. These results are similar to the deviations found in schizophrenia patients. Our findings support the role of glutamate dysfunction in impaired smooth pursuit performance and the use of ketamine as a pharmacological model of psychosis, especially when combined with oculomotor biomarkers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Talanow2016,

title = {Facing competition: Neural mechanisms underlying parallel programming of antisaccades and prosaccades},

author = {Tobias Talanow and Anna-Maria Kasparbauer and Maria Steffens and Inga Meyhöfer and Bernd Weber and Nikolaos Smyrnis and Ulrich Ettinger},

doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2016.05.006},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain and Cognition},

volume = {107},

pages = {37–47},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The antisaccade task is a prominent tool to investigate the response inhibition component of cognitive control. Recent theoretical accounts explain performance in terms of parallel programming of exogenous and endogenous saccades, linked to the horse race metaphor. Previous studies have tested the hypothesis of competing saccade signals at the behavioral level by selectively slowing the programming of endogenous or exogenous processes e.g. by manipulating the probability of antisaccades in an experimental block. To gain a better understanding of inhibitory control processes in parallel saccade programming, we analyzed task-related eye movements and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T from 16 healthy participants in a mixed antisaccade and prosaccade task. The frequency of antisaccade trials was manipulated across blocks of high (75%) and low (25%) antisaccade frequency. In blocks with high antisaccade frequency, antisaccade latencies were shorter and error rates lower whilst prosaccade latencies were longer and error rates were higher. At the level of BOLD, activations in the task-related saccade network (left inferior parietal lobe, right inferior parietal sulcus, left precentral gyrus reaching into left middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal junction) and deactivations in components of the default mode network (bilateral temporal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) compensated increased cognitive control demands. These findings illustrate context dependent mechanisms underlying the coordination of competing decision signals in volitional gaze control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Thomaes2016,

title = {Degrading traumatic memories with eye movements: A pilot functional MRI study in PTSD},

author = {Kathleen Thomaes and Iris M. Engelhard and Marit Sijbrandij and Danielle C. Cath and Odile A. Heuvel},

doi = {10.3402/ejpt.v7.31371},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Psychotraumatology},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {1–10},

abstract = {Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During EMDR, the patient recalls traumatic memories while making eye movements (EMs). Making EMs during recall is associated with decreased vividness and emotionality of traumatic memories, but the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Recent studies support a ''working-memory'' (WM) theory, which states that the two tasks (recall and EMs) compete for limited capacity of WM resources. However, prior research has mainly relied on self-report measures. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether ''recall with EMs,''relative to a ''recall-only'' control condition, was associated with reduced activity of primary visual and emotional processing brain regions, associatedwith vividness and emotionality respectively, and increased activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), associated with working memory. We used a randomized, controlled, crossover experimental design in eight adult patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD. A script-driven imagery (SDI) procedure was used to measure responsiveness to an audio-script depicting the participant's traumatic memory before and after conditions. Results: SDI activated mainly emotional processing-related brain regions (anterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), WM-related (DLPFC), and visual (association) brain regions before both conditions. Although predicted pre-to post-test decrease in amygdala activation after "recall with EMs" was not significant, SDI activated less right amygdala and rostral ACC activity after "recall with EMs" compared to post-"recall-only." Furthermore, functional connectivity from the right amygdala to the rostral ACC was decreased after "recall with EMs" compared with after "recall-only." Conclusions: These preliminary results in a small sample suggest that making EMs during recall, which is part of the regular EMDR treatment protocol, might reduce activity and connectivity in emotional processing-related areas. This study warrants replication in a larger sample.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brink2016,

title = {Catecholaminergic neuromodulation shapes intrinsic MRI functional connectivity in the human brain},

author = {Ruud L. Brink and Thomas Pfeffer and Christopher M. Warren and Peter R. Murphy and Klodiana-Daphne Tona and Nic J. Wee and Eric J. Giltay and Martijn S. Noorden and Serge A. R. B. Rombouts and Tobias H. Donner and Sander Nieuwenhuis},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0744-16.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {30},

pages = {7865–7876},

abstract = {The brain commonly exhibits spontaneous (i.e., in the absence of a task) fluctuations in neural activity that are correlated across brain regions. It has been established that the spatial structure, or topography, of these intrinsic correlations is in part determined by the fixed anatomical connectivity between regions. However, it remains unclear which factors dynamically sculpt this topography as a function of brain state. Potential candidate factors are subcortical catecholaminergic neuromodulatory systems, such as the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine system, which send diffuse projections to most parts of the forebrain. Here, we systematically characterized the effects of endogenous central neuromodulation on correlated fluctuations during rest in the human brain. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, we pharmacologically increased synaptic catecholamine levels by administering atomoxetine, an NE transporter blocker, and examined the effects on the strength and spatial structure of resting-state MRI functional connectivity. First, atomoxetine reduced the strength of inter-regional correlations across three levels of spatial organization, indicating that catecholamines reduce the strength of functional interactions during rest. Second, this modulatory effectonintrinsic correlations exhibited a substantial degree of spatial specificity: the decrease in functional connectivity showed an anterior–posterior gradient in the cortex, depended on the strength of baseline functional connectivity, and was strongest for connections between regions belonging to distinct resting-state networks. Thus, catecholamines reduce intrinsic correlations in a spatially heterogeneous fashion. We conclude that neuromodulation is an important factor shaping the topography of intrinsic functional connectivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dijk2016,

title = {Intersession reliability of population receptive field estimates},

author = {Jelle A. Dijk and Benjamin Haas and Christina Moutsiana and D. Samuel Schwarzkopf},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.013},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {143},

pages = {293–303},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Population receptive field (pRF) analysis is a popular method to infer spatial selectivity of voxels in visual cortex. However, it remains largely untested how stable pRF estimates are over time. Here we measured the intersession reliability of pRF parameter estimates for the central visual field and near periphery, using a combined wedge and ring stimulus containing natural images. Sixteen healthy human participants completed two scanning sessions separated by 10–114 days. Individual participants showed very similar visual field maps for V1-V4 on both sessions. Intersession reliability for eccentricity and polar angle estimates was close to ceiling for most visual field maps (r>.8 for V1-3). PRF size and cortical magnification (CMF) estimates showed strong but lower overall intersession reliability (r≈.4–.6). Group level results for pRF size and CMF were highly similar between sessions. Additional control experiments confirmed that reliability does not depend on the carrier stimulus used and that reliability for pRF size and CMF is high for sessions acquired on the same day (r>.6). Our results demonstrate that pRF mapping is highly reliable across sessions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Loon2016,

title = {NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine distorts object recognition by reducing feedback to early visual cortex},

author = {Anouk Mariette Loon and Johannes J. Fahrenfort and Bauke Velde and Philipp B. Lirk and Nienke C. C. Vulink and Markus W. Hollmann and H. Steven Scholte and Victor A. F. Lamme},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv018},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {5},

pages = {1986–1996},

abstract = {It is a well-established fact that top-down processes influence neural representations in lower-level visual areas. Electrophysiological recordings in monkeys as well as theoretical models suggest that these top-down processes depend on NMDA receptor functioning. However, this underlying neural mechanism has not been tested in humans. We used fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis to compare the neural representations of ambiguous Mooney images before and after they were recognized with their unambiguous grayscale version. Additionally, we administered ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, to interfere with this process. Our results demonstrate that after recognition, the pattern of brain activation elicited by a Mooney image is more similar to that of its easily recognizable grayscale version than to the pattern evoked by the identical Mooney image before recognition. Moreover, recognition of Mooney images decreased mean response; however, neural representations of separate images became more dissimilar. So from the neural perspective, unrecognizable Mooney images all “look the same”, whereas recognized Mooneys look different. We observed these effects in posterior fusiform part of lateral occipital cortex and in early visual cortex. Ketamine distorted these effects of recognition, but in early visual cortex only. This suggests that top-down processes from higher- to lower-level visual areas might operate via an NMDA pathway.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vandenbroucke2016,

title = {Prior knowledge about objects determines neural color representation in human visual cortex},

author = {Annelinde R. E. Vandenbroucke and Johannes J. Fahrenfort and Julia D. I. Meuwese and H. Steven Scholte and Victor A. F. Lamme},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhu224},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {4},

pages = {1401–1408},

abstract = {To create subjective experience, our brain must translate physical stimulus input by incorporating prior knowledge and expectations. For example, we perceive color and not wavelength information, and this in part depends on our past experience with colored objects ( Hansen et al. 2006; Mitterer and de Ruiter 2008). Here, we investigated the influence of object knowledge on the neural substrates underlying subjective color vision. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, human subjects viewed a color that lay midway between red and green (ambiguous with respect to its distance from red and green) presented on either typical red (e.g., tomato), typical green (e.g., clover), or semantically meaningless (nonsense) objects. Using decoding techniques, we could predict whether subjects viewed the ambiguous color on typical red or typical green objects based on the neural response of veridical red and green. This shift of neural response for the ambiguous color did not occur for nonsense objects. The modulation of neural responses was observed in visual areas (V3, V4, VO1, lateral occipital complex) involved in color and object processing, as well as frontal areas. This demonstrates that object memory influences wavelength information relatively early in the human visual system to produce subjective color vision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Visser2016,

title = {Quantifying learning-dependent changes in the brain: Single-trial multivoxel pattern analysis requires slow event-related fMRI},

author = {Renée M. Visser and Michelle I. C. Haan and Tinka Beemsterboer and Pia Haver and Merel Kindt and H. Steven Scholte},

doi = {10.1111/psyp.12665},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Psychophysiology},

volume = {53},

number = {8},

pages = {1117–1127},

abstract = {Single-trial analysis is particularly useful for assessing cognitive processes that are intrinsically dynamic, such as learning. Studying these processes with fMRI is problematic, as the low signal-to-noise ratio of fMRI requires the averaging over multiple trials, obscuring trial-by-trial changes in neural activation. The superior sensitivity of multivoxel pattern analysis over univariate analyses has opened up new possibilities for single-trial analysis, but this may require different fMRI designs. Here, we measured fMRI and pupil dilation responses during discriminant aversive conditioning, to assess associative learning in a trial-by-trial manner. The impact of design choices was examined by varying trial spacing and trial order in a series of five experiments (total n = 66), while keeping stimulus duration constant (4.5 s). Our outcome measure was the change in similarity between neural response patterns related to two consecutive presentations of the same stimulus (within-stimulus) and between patterns related to pairs of different stimuli (between-stimulus) that shared a specific outcome (electric stimulation vs. no consequence). This trial-by-trial similarity analysis revealed clear single-trial learning curves in conditions with intermediate (8.1-12.6 s) and long (16.5-18.4 s) intervals, with effects being strongest in designs with long intervals and counterbalanced stimulus presentation. No learning curves were observed in designs with shorter intervals (1.6-6.1 s), indicating that rapid event-related designs-at present, the most common designs in fMRI research-are not suited for single-trial pattern analysis. These findings emphasize the importance of deciding on the type of analysis prior to data collection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wang2016g,

title = {Coupling between theta oscillations and cognitive control network during cross-modal visual and auditory attention: Supramodal vs modality-specific mechanisms},

author = {Wuyi Wang and Shivakumar Viswanathan and Taraz Lee and Scott T. Grafton},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0158465},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {7},

pages = {e0158465},

abstract = {Cortical theta band oscillations (4-8 Hz) in EEG signals have been shown to be important for a variety of different cognitive control operations in visual attention paradigms. However the synchronization source of these signals as defined by fMRI BOLD activity and the extent to which theta oscillations play a role in multimodal attention remains unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which cross-modal visual and auditory attention impacts theta oscillations. Using a simultaneous EEG-fMRI paradigm, healthy human participants performed an attentional vigilance task with six cross-modal conditions using naturalistic stimuli. To assess supramodal mechanisms, modulation of theta oscillation amplitude for attention to either visual or auditory stimuli was correlated with BOLD activity by conjunction analysis. Negative correlation was localized to cortical regions associated with the default mode network and positively with ventral premotor areas. Modality-associated attention to visual stimuli was marked by a positive correlation of theta and BOLD activity in fronto-parietal area that was not observed in the auditory condition. A positive correlation of theta and BOLD activity was observed in auditory cortex, while a negative correlation of theta and BOLD activity was observed in visual cortex during auditory attention. The data support a supramodal interaction of theta activity with of DMN function, and modality-associated processes within fronto-parietal networks related to top-down theta related cognitive control in cross-modal visual attention. On the other hand, in sensory cortices there are opposing effects of theta activity during cross-modal auditory attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wang2016h,

title = {Dynamic network communication in the human functional connectome predicts perceptual variability in visual illusion},

author = {Zheng Zhiwei Wang and Kristina Zeljic and Qinying Jiang and Yong Gu and Wei Wang and Zheng Wang},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw347},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {28},

number = {1},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {The eukaryotic RNA exosome is an essential, multi-subunit complex that catalyzes RNA turnover, maturation, and quality control processes. Its non-catalytic donut-shaped core includes 9 subunits that associate with the 3' to 5' exoribonucleases Rrp6, and Rrp44/Dis3, a subunit that also catalyzes endoribonuclease activity. Although recent structures and biochemical studies of RNA bound exosomes from S. cerevisiae revealed that the Exo9 central channel guides RNA to either Rrp6 or Rrp44 using partially overlapping and mutually exclusive paths, several issues related to RNA recruitment remain. Here, we identify activities for the highly basic Rrp6 C-terminal tail that we term the 'lasso' because it binds RNA and stimulates ribonuclease activities associated with Rrp44 and Rrp6 within the 11-subunit nuclear exosome. Stimulation is dependent on the Exo9 central channel, and the lasso contributes to degradation and processing activities of exosome substrates in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we present evidence that the Rrp6 lasso may be a conserved feature of the eukaryotic RNA exosome.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Warren2016,

title = {Catecholamine-mediated increases in gain enhance the precision of cortical representations},

author = {Christopher M. Warren and Eran Eldar and Ruud L. Brink and Klodiana-Daphne Tona and Nic J. Wee and Eric J. Giltay and Martijn S. Noorden and Jos A. Bosch and Robert C. Wilson and Jonathan D. Cohen and Sander Nieuwenhuis},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3475-15.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {21},

pages = {5699–5708},

abstract = {Neurophysiological evidence suggests that neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, increase neural gain in target brain areas. Computational models and prominent theoretical frameworks indicate that this should enhance the precision of neural represen- tations, but direct empirical evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. In two functional MRI studies, we examine the effect of baseline catecholamine levels (as indexed by pupil diameter and manipulated pharmacologically) on the precision of object representations in the human ventral temporal cortex using angular dispersion, a powerful, multivariate metric of representational similarity (precision). We first report the results of computational model simulations indicating that increasing catecholaminergic gain should reduce the angular dispersion, and thus increase the precision, of object representations from the same category, as well as reduce the angular dispersion of object representations from distinct categories when distinct-category representations overlap. In Study 1 (N?24), we showthat angular dispersion covaries with pupil diameter, an index of baseline catecholamine levels. In Study 2 (N?24), we manipulate catecholamine levels and neural gain using the norepinephrine transporter blocker atomoxetine and demonstrate consistent, causal effects on angular dispersion and brain-wide functional connectivity. Despite the use of very different methods of examining the effect of baseline catecholamine levels, our results show a striking convergence and demonstrate that catecholamines increase the precision of neural representations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wilf2016,

title = {Diminished auditory responses during NREM sleep correlate with the hierarchy of language processing},

author = {Meytal Wilf and Michal Ramot and Edna Furman-Haran and Anat Arzi and Yechiel Levkovitz and Rafael Malach},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0157143},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {6},

pages = {e0157143},

abstract = {Natural sleep provides a powerful model system for studying the neuronal correlates of awareness and state changes in the human brain. To quantitatively map the nature of sleep-induced modulations in sensory responses we presented participants with auditory stimuli possessing different levels of linguistic complexity. Ten participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the waking state and after falling asleep. Sleep staging was based on heart rate measures validated independently on 20 participants using concurrent EEG and heart rate measurements and the results were confirmed using permutation analysis. Participants were exposed to three types of auditory stimuli: scrambled sounds, meaningless word sentences and comprehensible sentences. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, we found diminishing brain activation along the hierarchy of language processing, more pronounced in higher processing regions. Specifically, the auditory thalamus showed similar activation levels during sleep and waking states, primary auditory cortex remained activated but showed a significant reduction in auditory responses during sleep, and the high order language-related representation in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) cortex showed a complete abolishment of responses during NREM sleep. In addition to an overall activation decrease in language processing regions in superior temporal gyrus and IFG, those areas manifested a loss of semantic selectivity during NREM sleep. Our results suggest that the decreased awareness to linguistic auditory stimuli during NREM sleep is linked to diminished activity in high order processing stations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zimmer2016,

title = {Neuronal interactions in areas of spatial attention reflect avoidance of disgust, but orienting to danger},

author = {Ulrike Zimmer and M H"ofler and Karl Koschutnig and Anja Ischebeck and Margit Höfler and Karl Koschutnig and Anja Ischebeck},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.050},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {134},

pages = {94–104},

abstract = {For survival, it is necessary to attend quickly towards dangerous objects, but to turn away from something that is disgusting. We tested whether fear and disgust sounds direct spatial attention differently. Using fMRI, a sound cue (disgust, fear or neutral) was presented to the left or right ear. The cue was followed by a visual target (a small arrow) which was located on the same (valid) or opposite (invalid) side as the cue. Participants were required to decide whether the arrow pointed up- or downwards while ignoring the sound cue. Behaviorally, responses were faster for invalid compared to valid targets when cued by disgust, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for targets after fearful and neutral sound cues. During target presentation, activity in the visual cortex and IPL increased for targets invalidly cued with disgust, but for targets validly cued with fear which indicated a general modulation of activation due to attention. For the TPJ, an interaction in the opposite direction was observed, consistent with its role in detecting targets at unattended positions and in relocating attention. As a whole our results indicate that a disgusting sound directs spatial attention away from its location, in contrast to fearful and neutral sounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zimmermann2016b,

title = {Spatiotopic adaptation in visual areas},

author = {Eckart Zimmermann and Ralph Weidner and R. O. Abdollahi and Gereon R. Fink},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0052-16.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {37},

pages = {9526–9534},

abstract = {The ability to perceive the visual world around us as spatially stable despite frequent eye movements is one of the long-standing mysteries of neuroscience. The existence of neural mechanisms processing spatiotopic information is indispensable for a successful interaction with the external world. However, how the brain handles spatiotopic information remains a matter of debate. We here combined behavioral and fMRI adaptation to investigate the coding of spatiotopic information in the human brain. Subjects were adapted by a prolonged presentation of a tilted grating. Thereafter, they performed a saccade followed by the brief presentation of a probe. This procedure allowed dissociating adaptation aftereffects at retinal and spatiotopic positions. We found significant behavioral and functional adaptation in both retinal and spatiotopic positions, indicating information transfer into a spatiotopic coordinate system. The brain regions involved were located in ventral visual areas V3, V4, and VO. Our findings suggest that spatiotopic representations involved in maintaining visual stability are constructed by dynamically remapping visual feature information between retinotopic regions within early visual areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Adams2016,

title = {Dynamic causal modelling of eye movements during pursuit: Confirming precision-encoding in V1 using MEG},

author = {Rick A. Adams and Markus Bauer and Dimitris Pinotsis and Karl J. Friston},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.055},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neuroimage},

volume = {132},

pages = {175–189},

publisher = {The Authors},

abstract = {This paper shows that it is possible to estimate the subjective precision (inverse variance) of Bayesian beliefs during oculomotor pursuit. Subjects viewed a sinusoidal target, with or without random fluctuations in its motion. Eye trajectories and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were recorded concurrently. The target was periodically occluded, such that its reappearance caused a visual evoked response field (ERF). Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was used to fit models of eye trajectories and the ERFs. The DCM for pursuit was based on predictive coding and active inference, and predicts subjects' eye movements based on their (subjective) Bayesian beliefs about target (and eye) motion. The precisions of these hierarchical beliefs can be inferred from behavioural (pursuit) data. The DCM for MEG data used an established biophysical model of neuronal activity that includes parameters for the gain of superficial pyramidal cells, which is thought to encode precision at the neuronal level. Previous studies (using DCM of pursuit data) suggest that noisy target motion increases subjective precision at the sensory level: i.e., subjects attend more to the target's sensory attributes. We compared (noisy motion-induced) changes in the synaptic gain based on the modelling of MEG data to changes in subjective precision estimated using the pursuit data. We demonstrate that imprecise target motion increases the gain of superficial pyramidal cells in V1 (across subjects). Furthermore, increases in sensory precision – inferred by our behavioural DCM – correlate with the increase in gain in V1, across subjects. This is a step towards a fully integrated model of brain computations, cortical responses and behaviour that may provide a useful clinical tool in conditions like schizophrenia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{BaboRebelo2016,

title = {Neural responses to heartbeats in the default network encode the self in spontaneous thoughts},

author = {Mariana Babo-Rebelo and Craig G. Richter and Catherine Tallon-Baudry},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0262-16.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {30},

pages = {7829–7840},

abstract = {The default network (DN) has been consistently associated with self-related cognition, but also to bodily state monitoring and autonomic regulation. We hypothesized that these two seemingly disparate functional roles of the DN are functionally coupled, in line with theories proposing that selfhood is grounded in the neural monitoring of internal organs, such as the heart. We measured with magnetoencephalograhy neural responses evoked by heartbeats while human participants freely mind-wandered. When interrupted by a visual stimulus at random intervals, participants scored the self-relatedness of the interrupted thought. They evaluated their involvement as the first-person perspective subject or agent in the thought ("I"), and on another scale to what degree they were thinking about themselves ("Me"). During the interrupted thought, neural responses to heartbeats in two regions of the DN, the ventral precuneus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, covaried, respectively, with the "I" and the "Me" dimensions of the self, even at the single-trial level. No covariation between self-relatedness and peripheral autonomic measures (heart rate, heart rate variability, pupil diameter, electrodermal activity, respiration rate, and phase) or alpha power was observed. Our results reveal a direct link between selfhood and neural responses to heartbeats in the DN and thus directly support theories grounding selfhood in the neural monitoring of visceral inputs. More generally, the tight functional coupling between self-related processing and cardiac monitoring observed here implies that, even in the absence of measured changes in peripheral bodily measures, physiological and cognitive functions have to be considered jointly in the DN.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Campana2016,

title = {Conscious vision proceeds from global to local content in goal-directed tasks and spontaneous vision},

author = {Florence Campana and Ignacio Rebollo and Anne E. Urai and Valentin Wyart and Catherine Tallon-Baudry},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3619-15.2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {36},

number = {19},

pages = {5200–5213},

abstract = {The reverse hierarchy theory (Hochstein and Ahissar, 2002) makes strong, but so far untested, predictions on conscious vision. In this theory, local details encoded in lower-order visual areas are unconsciously processed before being automatically and rapidly combined into global information in higher-order visual areas, where conscious percepts emerge. Contingent on current goals, local details can afterward be consciously retrieved. This model therefore predicts that (1) global information is perceived faster than local details, (2) global information is computed regardless of task demands during early visual processing, and (3) spontaneous vision is dominated by global percepts. We designed novel textured stimuli that are, as opposed to the classic Navon's letters, truly hierarchical (i.e., where global information is solely defined by local information but where local and global orientations can still be manipulated separately). In line with the predictions, observers were systematically faster reporting global than local properties of those stimuli. Second, global information could be decoded from magneto-encephalographic data during early visual processing regardless of task demands. Last, spontaneous subjective reports were dominated by global information and the frequency and speed of spontaneous global perception correlated with the accuracy and speed in the global task. No such correlation was observed for local information. We therefore show that information at different levels of the visual hierarchy is not equally likely to become conscious; rather, conscious percepts emerge preferentially at a global level. We further show that spontaneous reports can be reliable and are tightly linked to objective performance at the global level.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Godier2016,

title = {Enhanced early neuronal processing of food pictures in Anorexia Nervosa: A magnetoencephalography study},

author = {Lauren R. Godier and Jessica C. Scaife and Sven Braeutigam and Rebecca J. Park},

doi = {10.1155/2016/1795901},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Psychiatry Journal},

volume = {2016},

pages = {1–13},

abstract = {Neuroimaging studies in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) have shown increased activation in reward and cognitive control regions in response to food, and a behavioral attentional bias (AB) towards food stimuli is reported. This study aimed to further investigate the neural processing of food using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants were 13 females with restricting-type AN, 14 females recovered from restricting-type AN, and 15 female healthy controls. MEG data was acquired whilst participants viewed high- and low-calorie food pictures. Attention was assessed with a reaction time task and eye tracking. Time-series analysis suggested increased neural activity in response to both calorie conditions in the AN groups, consistent with an early AB. Increased activity was observed at 150 ms in the current AN group. Neuronal activity at this latency was at normal level in the recovered group; however, this group exhibited enhanced activity at 320 ms after stimulus. Consistent with previous studies, analysis in source space and behavioral data suggested enhanced attention and cognitive control processes in response to food stimuli in AN. This may enable avoidance of salient food stimuli and maintenance of dietary restraint in AN. A later latency of increased activity in the recovered group may reflect a reversal of this avoidance, with source space and behavioral data indicating increased visual and cognitive processing of food stimuli.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gregory2016a,

title = {Gamma frequency and the spatial tuning of primary visual cortex},

author = {Sarah Gregory and Marco Fusca and Geraint Rees and D. Samuel Schwarzkopf and Gareth Barnes},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0157374},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {6},

pages = {e0157374},

abstract = {Visual stimulation produces oscillatory gamma responses in human primary visual cortex (V1) that also relate to visual perception. We have shown previously that peak gamma frequency positively correlates with central V1 cortical surface area. We hypothesized that people with larger V1 would have smaller receptive fields and that receptive field size, not V1 are, might explain this relationship. Here we set out to test this hypothesis directly by investigating the relationship between fMRI estimated population receptive field (pRF) size and gamma frequency in V1. We stimulated both the near-centre and periphery of the visual field using both large and small stimuli in each location and replicated our previous finding of a positive correlation between V1 surface area and peak gamma frequency. Counter to our expectation, we found that between participants V1 size (and not pRF size) accounted for most of the variability in gamma frequency. Within-participants we found that gamma frequency increased, rather than decreased, with stimulus eccentricity directly contradicting our initial hypothesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ikkai2016,

title = {Lateralization in alpha-band oscillations predicts the locus and spatial distribution of attention},

author = {Akiko Ikkai and Sangita Dandekar and Clayton E. Curtis},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0154796},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

pages = {e0154796},

abstract = {Attending to a task-relevant location changes how neural activity oscillates in the alpha band (8-13Hz) in posterior visual cortical areas. However, a clear understanding of the relationships between top-down attention, changes in alpha oscillations in visual cortex, and attention performance are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the degree to which the posterior alpha power tracked the locus of attention, the distribution of attention, and how well the topography of alpha could predict the locus of attention. We recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data while subjects performed an attention demanding visual discrimination task that dissociated the direction of attention from the direction of a saccade to indicate choice. On some trials, an endogenous cue predicted the target's location, while on others it contained no spatial information. When the target's location was cued, alpha power decreased in sensors over occipital cortex contralateral to the attended visual field. When the cue did not predict the target's location, alpha power again decreased in sensors over occipital cortex, but bilaterally, and increased in sensors over frontal cortex. Thus, the distribution and the topography of alpha reliably indicated the locus of covert attention. Together, these results suggest that alpha synchronization reflects changes in the excitability of populations of neurons whose receptive fields match the locus of attention. This is consistent with the hypothesis that alpha oscillations reflect the neural mechanisms by which top-down control of attention biases information processing and modulate the activity of neurons in visual cortex.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Marshall2016,

title = {On the relationship between cortical excitability and visual oscillatory responses-A concurrent tDCS-MEG study},

author = {Tom R. Marshall and Sophie Esterer and Jim D. Herring and Til O. Bergmann and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.069},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {140},

pages = {41–49},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Neuronal oscillations in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) in visual cortex are considered to instantiate ‘attentional gating' via the inhibition of activity in regions representing task-irrelevant parts of space. In contrast, visual gamma-band activity (40–100 Hz) is regarded as representing a bottom-up drive from incoming visual information, with increased synchronisation producing a stronger feedforward impulse for relevant information. However, little is known about the direct relationship between excitability of the visual cortex and these oscillatory mechanisms. In this study we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an Oz–Cz montage in order to stimulate visual cortex, concurrently recording whole-brain oscillatory activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) whilst participants performed a visual task known to produce strong modulations of alpha- and gamma-band activity. We found that visual stimuli produced expected modulations of alpha and gamma – presenting a moving annulus stimulus led to a strong gamma increase and alpha decrease – and that this pattern was observable both during active (anodal and cathodal) tDCS and sham tDCS. However, tDCS did not seem to produce systematic alterations of these oscillatory responses. The present study thus demonstrates that concurrent tDCS/MEG of the visual system is a feasible tool for investigating visual neuronal oscillations, and we discuss potential reasons for the apparent inability of tDCS to effectively change the amplitude of visual stimulus induced oscillatory responses in the current study.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mok2016,

title = {Behavioral and neural markers of flexible attention over working memory in aging},

author = {Robert M. Mok and Nicholas E. Myers and George Wallis and Anna C. Nobre},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw011},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {4},

pages = {1831–1842},

abstract = {Working memory (WM) declines as we age and, because of its fundamental role in higher order cognition, this can have highly deleterious effects in daily life. We investigated whether older individuals benefit from flexible orienting of attention within WM to mitigate cognitive decline. We measured magnetoencephalography (MEG) in older adults performing a WM precision task with cues during the maintenance period that retroactively predicted the location of the relevant items for performance (retro-cues). WM performance of older adults significantly benefitted from retro-cues. Whereas WM maintenance declined with age, retro-cues conferred strong attentional benefits. A model-based analysis revealed an increase in the probability of recalling the target, a lowered probability of retrieving incorrect items or guessing, and an improvement in memory precision. MEG recordings showed that retro-cues induced a transient lateralization of alpha (8-14 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillatory power. Interestingly, shorter durations of alpha/beta lateralization following retro-cues predicted larger cueing benefits, reinforcing recent ideas about the dynamic nature of access to WM representations. Our results suggest that older adults retain flexible control over WM, but individual differences in control correspond to differences in neural dynamics, possibly reflecting the degree of preservation of control in healthy aging.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pape2016,

title = {Motor cortex activity predicts response alternation during sensorimotor decisions},

author = {Anna Antonia Pape and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1038/ncomms13098},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {7},

pages = {13098},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {Our actions are constantly guided by decisions based on sensory information. The motor cortex is traditionally viewed as the final output stage in this process, merely executing motor responses based on these decisions. However, it is not clear if, beyond this role, the motor cortex itself impacts response selection. Here, we report activity fluctuations over motor cortex measured using MEG, which are unrelated to choice content and predict responses to a visuomotor task seconds before decisions are made. These fluctuations are strongly influenced by the previous trial's response and predict a tendency to switch between response alternatives for consecutive decisions. This alternation behaviour depends on the size of neural signals still present from the previous response. Our results uncover a response-alternation bias in sensorimotor decision making. Furthermore, they suggest that motor cortex is more than an output stage and instead shapes response selection during sensorimotor decision making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Park2016,

title = {Lip movements entrain the observers' low-frequency brain oscillations to facilitate speech intelligibility},

author = {Hyojin Park and Christoph Kayser and Gregor Thut and Joachim Gross},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.14521},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {5},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {During continuous speech, lip movements provide visual temporal signals that facilitate speech processing. Here, using MEG we directly investigated how these visual signals interact with rhythmic brain activity in participants listening to and seeing the speaker. First, we investigated coherence between oscillatory brain activity and speaker's lip movements and demonstrated significant entrainment in visual cortex. We then used partial coherence to remove contributions of the coherent auditory speech signal from the lip-brain coherence. Comparing this synchronization between different attention conditions revealed that attending visual speech enhances the coherence between activity in visual cortex and the speaker's lips. Further, we identified a significant partial coherence between left motor cortex and lip movements and this partial coherence directly predicted comprehension accuracy. Our results emphasize the importance of visually entrained and attention-modulated rhythmic brain activity for the enhancement of audiovisual speech processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rhpl16,

title = {Visual information representation and rapid-scene categorization are simultaneous across cortex: An MEG study},

author = {Pavan Ramkumar and Bruce C. Hansen and Sebastian Pannasch and Lester C. Loschky},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.027},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {134},

pages = {295–304},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Perceiving the visual world around us requires the brain to represent the features of stimuli and to categorize the stimulus based on these features. Incorrect categorization can result either from errors in visual representation or from errors in processes that lead to categorical choice. To understand the temporal relationship between the neural signatures of such systematic errors, we recorded whole-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from human subjects performing a rapid-scene categorization task. We built scene category decoders based on (1) spatiotemporally resolved neural activity, (2) spatial envelope (SpEn) image features, and (3) behavioral responses. Using confusion matrices, we tracked how well the pattern of errors from neural decoders could be explained by SpEn decoders and behavioral errors, over time and across cortical areas. Across the visual cortex and the medial temporal lobe, we found that both SpEn and behavioral errors explained unique variance in the errors of neural decoders. Critically, these effects were nearly simultaneous, and most prominent between 100 and 250 ms after stimulus onset. Thus, during rapid-scene categorization, neural processes that ultimately result in behavioral categorization are simultaneous and co-localized with neural processes underlying visual information representation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{shz16,

title = {Early visual cortical responses produced by checkerboard pattern stimulation},

author = {Yoshihito Shigihara and Hideyuki Hoshi and Semir Zeki},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.078},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {134},

pages = {532–539},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Visual evoked potentials have been traditionally triggered with flash or reversing checkerboard stimuli and recorded with electroencephalographic techniques, largely but not exclusively in clinical or clinically related settings. They have been crucial in determining the healthy functioning or otherwise of the visual pathways up to and including the cerebral cortex. They have typically given early response latencies of 100 ms, the source of which has been attributed to V1, with the prestriate cortex being secondarily activated somewhat later. On the other hand, magnetoencephalographic studies using stimuli better tailored to the physiology of individual, specialized, visual areas have given early latencies of <. 50 ms with the sources localized in both striate (V1) and prestriate cortex. In this study, we used the reversing checkerboard pattern as a stimulus and recorded cortical visual evoked magnetic fields with magnetoencephalography, to establish whether very early responses can be traced to (estimated) in both striate and prestriate cortex, since such a demonstration would enhance considerably the power of this classical approach in clinical investigations. Our results show that cortical responses evoked by checkerboard patterns can be detected before 50 ms post-stimulus onset and that their sources can be estimated in both striate and prestriate cortex, suggesting a strong parallel input from the sub-cortex to both striate and prestriate divisions of the visual cortex.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{sfjd16,

title = {The neural mechanisms of prediction in visual search},

author = {Eelke Spaak and Yvonne Fonken and Ole Jensen and Floris P. Lange},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv210},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {26},

number = {11},

pages = {4327–4336},

abstract = {The speed of visual search depends on bottom-up stimulus features (e.g., we quickly locate a red item among blue distractors), but it is also facilitated by the presence of top-down perceptual predictions about the item. Here, we identify the nature, source, and neuronal substrate of the predictions that speed up resumed visual search. Human subjects were presented with a visual search array that was repeated up to 4 times, while brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Behaviorally, we observed a bimodal reaction time distribution for resumed visual search, indicating that subjects were extraordinarily rapid on a proportion of trials. MEG data demonstrated that these rapid-response trials were associated with a prediction of (1) target location, as reflected by alpha-band (8-12 Hz) lateralization; and (2) target identity, as reflected by beta-band (15-30 Hz) lateralization. Moreover, we show that these predictions are likely generated in a network consisting of medial superior frontal cortex and right temporo-parietal junction. These findings underscore the importance and nature of perceptual hypotheses for efficient visual search.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Tan2016,

title = {MEG sensor and source measures of visually induced gamma-band oscillations are highly reliable},

author = {Heng Ru May Tan and Joachim Gross and P. J. Uhlhaas},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.006},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {137},

pages = {34–44},

publisher = {The Authors},

abstract = {High frequency brain oscillations are associated with numerous cognitive and behavioral processes. Non-invasive measurements using electro-/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) have revealed that high frequency neural signals are heritable and manifest changes with age as well as in neuropsychiatric illnesses. Despite the extensive use of EEG/MEG-measured neural oscillations in basic and clinical research, studies demonstrating test-retest reliability of power and frequency measures of neural signals remain scarce. Here, we evaluated the test-retest reliability of visually induced gamma (30-100 Hz) oscillations derived from sensor and source signals acquired over two MEG sessions. The study required participants (N = 13) to detect the randomly occurring stimulus acceleration while viewing a moving concentric grating. Sensor and source MEG measures of gamma-band activity yielded comparably strong reliability (average intraclass correlation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nieuwenhuijzen2016,

title = {Spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical representations during and after stimulus presentation},

author = {Marieke E. Nieuwenhuijzen and Eva W. P. Borne and Ole Jensen and Marcel A. J. Gerven},

doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2016.00042},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},

volume = {10},

pages = {42},

abstract = {Visual perception is a spatiotemporally complex process. In this study, we investigated cortical dynamics during and after stimulus presentation. We observed that visual category information related to the difference between faces and objects became apparent in the occipital lobe after 63 ms. Within the next 110 ms, activation spread out to include the temporal lobe before returning to residing mainly in the occipital lobe again. After stimulus offset, a peak in information was observed, comparable to the peak after stimulus onset. Moreover, similar processes, albeit not identical, seemed to underlie both peaks. Information about the categorical identity of the stimulus remained present until 677 ms after stimulus offset, during which period the stimulus had to be retained in working memory. Activation patterns initially resembled those observed during stimulus presentation. After about 200 ms, however, this representation changed and class-specific activity became more equally distributed over the four lobes. These results show that, although there are common processes underlying stimulus representation both during and after stimulus presentation, these representations change depending on the specific stage of perception and maintenance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wang2016e,

title = {Rhythm makes the world go round: An MEG-TMS study on the role of right TPJ theta oscillations in embodied perspective taking},

author = {Hongfang Wang and Eleanor Callaghan and Gerard Gooding-Williams and Craig McAllister and Klaus Kessler},

doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.011},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cortex},

volume = {75},

pages = {68–81},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {While some aspects of social processing are shared between humans and other species, some aspects are not. The former seems to apply to merely tracking another's visual perspective in the world (i.e., what a conspecific can or cannot perceive), while the latter applies to perspective taking in form of mentally "embodying" another's viewpoint. Our previous behavioural research had indicated that only perspective taking, but not tracking, relies on simulating a body schema rotation into another's viewpoint. In the current study we employed Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and revealed that this mechanism of mental body schema rotation is primarily linked to theta oscillations in a wider brain network of body-schema, somatosensory and motor-related areas, with the right posterior temporo-parietal junction (pTPJ) at its core. The latter was reflected by a convergence of theta oscillatory power in right pTPJ obtained by overlapping the separately localised effects of rotation demands (angular disparity effect), cognitive embodiment (posture congruence effect), and basic body schema involvement (posture relevance effect) during perspective taking in contrast to perspective tracking. In a subsequent experiment we interfered with right pTPJ processing using dual pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dpTMS) and observed a significant reduction of embodied processing. We conclude that right TPJ is the crucial network hub for transforming the embodied self into another's viewpoint, body and/or mind, thus, substantiating how conflicting representations between self and other may be resolved and potentially highlighting the embodied origins of high-level social cognition in general.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roth2015,

title = {Position and identity information available in fMRI patterns of activity in human visual cortex},

author = {Zvi N. Roth and Ehud Zohary},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0752-15.2015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-08-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {35},

number = {33},

pages = {11559–11571},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {Parietal cortex is often implicated in visual processing of actions. Action understanding is essentially abstract, specific to the type or goal of action, but greatly independent of variations in the perceived position of the action. If certain parietal regions are involved in action understanding, then we expect them to show these generalization and selectivity properties. However, additional functions of parietal cortex, such as self-action control, may impose other demands by requiring an accurate representation of the location of graspable objects. Therefore, the dimensions along which responses are modulated may indicate the functional role of specific parietal regions. Here, we studied the degree of position invariance and hand/object specificity during viewing of tool-grasping actions. To that end, we characterize the information available about location, hand, and tool identity in the patterns of fMRI activation in various cortical areas: early visual cortex, posterior intraparietal sulcus, anterior superior parietal lobule, and the ventral object-specific lateral occipital complex. Our results suggest a gradient within the human dorsal stream: along the posterior-anterior axis, position information is gradually lost, whereas hand and tool identity information is enhanced. This may reflect a gradual transformation of visual input from an initial retinotopic representation in early visual areas to an abstract, position-invariant representation of viewed action in anterior parietal cortex.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ajina2015,

title = {Motion area V5/MT+ response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex},

author = {Sara Ajina and Christopher Kennard and Geraint Rees and Holly Bridge},

doi = {10.1093/brain/awu328},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain},

volume = {138},

number = {1},

pages = {164–178},

abstract = {Motion area V5/MT+ shows a variety of characteristic visual responses, often linked to perception, which are heavily influenced by its rich connectivity with the primary visual cortex (V1). This human motion area also receives a number of inputs from other visual regions, including direct subcortical connections and callosal connections with the contralateral hemisphere. Little is currently known about such alternative inputs to V5/MT+ and how they may drive and influence its activity. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the response of human V5/MT+ to increasing the proportion of coherent motion was measured in seven patients with unilateral V1 damage acquired during adulthood, and a group of healthy age-matched controls. When V1 was damaged, the typical V5/MT+ response to increasing coherence was lost. Rather, V5/MT+ in patients showed a negative trend with coherence that was similar to coherence-related activity in V1 of healthy control subjects. This shift to a response-pattern more typical of early visual cortex suggests that in the absence of V1, V5/MT+ activity may be shaped by similar direct subcortical input. This is likely to reflect intact residual pathways rather than a change in connectivity, and has important implications for blindsight function. It also confirms predictions that V1 is critically involved in normal V5/MT+ global motion processing, consistent with a convergent model of V1 input to V5/MT+. Historically, most attempts to model cortical visual responses do not consider the contribution of direct subcortical inputs that may bypass striate cortex, such as input to V5/MT+. We have shown that the signal change driven by these non-striate pathways can be measured, and suggest that models of the intact visual system may benefit from considering their contribution.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ajina2015b,

title = {Abnormal contrast responses in the extrastriate cortex of blindsight patients},

author = {Sara Ajina and Geraint Rees and Christopher Kennard and Holly Bridge},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3075-14.2015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {35},

number = {21},

pages = {8201–8213},

abstract = {When the human primary visual cortex (V1) is damaged, the dominant geniculo-striate pathway can no longer convey visual information to the occipital cortex. However, many patients with such damage retain some residual visual function that must rely on an alternative pathway directly to extrastriate occipital regions. This residual vision is most robust for moving stimuli, suggesting a role for motion area hMT+. However, residual vision also requires high-contrast stimuli, which is inconsistent with hMT+ sensitivity to contrast in which even low-contrast levels elicit near-maximal neural activation. We sought to investigate this discrepancy by measuring behavioral and neural responses to increasing contrast in patients with V1 damage. Eight patients underwent behavioral testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging to record contrast sensitivity in hMT+ of their damaged hemisphere, using Gabor stimuli with a spatial frequency of 1 cycle/degrees. The responses from hMT+ of the blind hemisphere were compared with hMT+ and V1 responses in the sighted hemisphere of patients and a group of age-matched controls. Unlike hMT+, neural responses in V1 tend to increase linearly with increasing contrast, likely reflecting a dominant parvocellular channel input. Across all patients, the responses in hMT+ of the blind hemisphere no longer showed early saturation but increased linearly with contrast. Given the spatiotemporal parameters used in this study and the known direct subcortical projections from the koniocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus to hMT+, we propose that this altered contrast sensitivity in hMT+ could be consistent with input from the koniocellular pathway.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Andoh2015,

title = {Asymmetric interhemispheric transfer in the auditory network: Evidence from TMS, resting-state fMRI, and diffusion imaging},

author = {Jamila Andoh and Reiko Matsushita and Robert J. Zatorre},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2333-15.2015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {43},

pages = {14602–14611},

abstract = {Hemispheric asymmetries in human auditory cortical function and structure are still highly debated. Brain stimulation approaches can complement correlational techniques by uncovering causal influences. Previous studies have shown asymmetrical effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on task performance, but it is unclear whether these effects are task-specific or reflect intrinsic network properties. To test how modulation of auditory cortex (AC) influences functional networks and whether this influence is asymmetrical, the present study measured resting-state fMRI connectivity networks in 17 healthy volunteers before and immediately after TMS (continuous theta burst stimulation) to the left or right AC, and the vertex as a control. We also examined the relationship between TMS-induced interhemispheric signal propagation and anatomical properties of callosal auditory fibers as measured with diffusion-weighted MRI. We found that TMS to the right AC, but not the left, resulted in widespread connectivity decreases in auditory- and motor-related networks in the resting state. Individual differences in the degree of change in functional connectivity between auditory cortices after TMS applied over the right AC were negatively related to the volume of callosal auditory fibers. The findings show that TMS-induced network modulation occurs, even in the absence of an explicit task, and that the magnitude of the effect differs across individuals as a function of callosal structure, supporting a role for the corpus callosum in mediating functional asymmetry. The findings support theoretical models emphasizing hemispheric differences in network organization and are of practical significance in showing that brain stimulation studies need to take network-level effects into account.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bao2015,

title = {Using an achiasmic human visual system to quantify the relationship between the fMRI BOLD signal and neural response},

author = {Pinglei Bao and Christopher J. Purington and Bosco S. Tjan},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.09600},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {4},

number = {NOVEMBER2015},

pages = {1–21},

abstract = {Achiasma in humans causes gross mis-wiring of the retinal-fugal projection, resulting in overlapped cortical representations of left and right visual hemifields. We show that in areas V1-V3 this overlap is due to two co-located but non-interacting populations of neurons, each with a receptive field serving only one hemifield. Importantly, the two populations share the same local vascular control, resulting in a unique organization useful for quantifying the relationship between neural and fMRI BOLD responses without direct measurement of neural activity. Specifically, we can non-invasively double local neural responses by stimulating both neuronal populations with identical stimuli presented symmetrically across the vertical meridian to both visual hemifields, versus one population by stimulating in one hemifield. Measurements from a series of such doubling experiments show that the amplitude of BOLD response is proportional to approximately 0.5 power of the underlying neural response. Reanalyzing published data shows that this inferred relationship is general.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brascamp2015,

title = {Negligible fronto-parietal BOLD activity accompanying unreportable switches in bistable perception},

author = {Jan Brascamp and Randolph Blake and Tomas Knapen},

doi = {10.1038/nn.4130},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Nature Neuroscience},

volume = {18},

number = {11},

pages = {1672–1678},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {The human brain's executive systems have a vital role in deciding and selecting among actions. Selection among alternatives also occurs in the perceptual domain; for instance, when perception switches between interpretations during perceptual bistability. Whether executive systems also underlie this functionality remains debated, with known fronto-parietal concomitants of perceptual switches being variously interpreted as reflecting the switches' cause or as reflecting their consequences. We developed a procedure in which the two eyes receive different inputs and perception demonstrably switches between these inputs, yet the switches themselves are so inconspicuous as to become unreportable, minimizing their executive consequences. Fronto-parietal fMRI BOLD responses that accompanied perceptual switches were similarly minimized in this procedure, indicating that these reflect the switches' consequences rather than their cause. We conclude that perceptual switches do not always rely on executive brain areas and that processes responsible for selection among alternatives may operate outside the brain's executive systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Buyukturkoglu2015,

title = {Self-regulation of anterior insula using real-time fMRI and its behavioral effects in obsessive compulsive disorder: A feasibility study},

author = {Korhan Buyukturkoglu and Hans Roettgers and Jens Sommer and Mohit Rana and Leonie Dietzsch and Ezgi Belkis Arikan and Ralf Veit and Rahim Malekshahi and Tilo Kircher and Niels Birbaumer and Ranganatha Sitaram and Sergio Ruiz},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0135872},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {10},

number = {8},

pages = {e0135872},

abstract = {Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and chronic condition that can have disabling effects throughout the patient's lifespan. Frequent symptoms among OCD patients include fear of contamination and washing compulsions. Several studies have shown a link between contamination fears, disgust over-reactivity, and insula activation in OCD. In concordance with the role of insula in disgust processing, new neural models based on neuroimaging studies suggest that abnormally high activations of insula could be implicated in OCD psychopathology, at least in the subgroup of patients with contamination fears and washing compulsions. Methods: In the current study, we used a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) based on real-time func- tional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) to aid OCD patients to achieve down-regula- tion of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal in anterior insula. Our first aim was to investigate whether patients with contamination obsessions and washing com- pulsions can learn to volitionally decrease (down-regulate) activity in the insula in the pres- ence of disgust/anxiety provoking stimuli. Our second aimwas to evaluate the effect of down-regulation on clinical, behavioural and physiological changes pertaining to OCD symptoms. Hence, several pre- and post-training measures were performed, i.e., con- fronting the patient with a disgust/anxiety inducing real-world object (Ecological Disgust Test), and subjective rating and physiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance level) of disgust towards provoking pictures. Results: Results of this pilot study, performed in 3 patients (2 females), show that OCD patients can gain self-control of the BOLD activity of insula, albeit to different degrees. In two patients positive changes in behaviour in the EDT were observed following the rtfMRI trainings. Behavioural changes were also confirmed by reductions in the negative valence and in the subjective perception of disgust towards symptom provoking images. Conclusion: Although preliminary, results of this study confirmed that insula down-regulation is possible in patients suffering from OCD, and that volitional decreases of insula activation could be used for symptom alleviation in this disorder.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Caruana2015,

title = {A frontotemporoparietal network common to initiating and responding to joint attention bids},

author = {Nathan Caruana and Jon Brock and Alexandra Woolgar},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.041},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {108},

pages = {34–46},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Joint attention is a fundamental cognitive ability that supports daily interpersonal relationships and communication. The Parallel Distributed Processing model (PDPM) postulates that responding to (RJA) and initiating (IJA) joint attention are predominantly supported by posterior-parietal and frontal regions respectively. It also argues that these neural networks integrate during development, supporting the parallel processes of self- and other-attention representation during interactions. However, direct evidence for the PDPM is limited due to a lack of ecologically valid experimental paradigms that can capture both RJA and IJA. Building on existing interactive approaches, we developed a virtual reality paradigm where participants engaged in an online interaction to complete a cooperative task. By including tightly controlled baseline conditions to remove activity associated with non-social task demands, we were able to directly contrast the neural correlates of RJA and IJA to determine whether these processes are supported by common brain regions. Both RJA and IJA activated broad frontotemporoparietal networks. Critically, a conjunction analysis identified that a subset of these regions were common to both RJA and IJA. This right-lateralised network included the dorsal portion of the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), precentral gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and precuneus. Additional activation was observed in this network for IJA relative to RJA at MFG, IFG, TPJ and precuneus. This is the first imaging study to directly investigate the neural correlates common to RJA and IJA engagement, and thus support the assumption that a broad integrated network underlies the parallel aspects of both initiating and responding to joint attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Choi2015,

title = {Neural correlates of active vision: An fMRI comparison of natural reading and scene viewing},

author = {Wonil Choi and John M. Henderson},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.027},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Neuropsychologia},

volume = {75},

pages = {109–118},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Theories of eye movement control during active vision tasks such as reading and scene viewing have primarily been developed and tested using data from eye tracking and computational modeling, and little is currently known about the neurocognition of active vision. The current fMRI study was conducted to examine the nature of the cortical networks that are associated with active vision. Subjects were asked to read passages for meaning and view photographs of scenes for a later memory test. The eye movement control network comprising frontal eye field (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), commonly activated during single-saccade eye movement tasks, were also involved in reading and scene viewing, suggesting that a common control network is engaged when eye movements are executed. However, the activated locus of the FEF varied across the two tasks, with medial FEF more activated in scene viewing relative to passage reading and lateral FEF more activated in reading than scene viewing. The results suggest that eye movements during active vision are associated with both domain-general and domain-specific components of the eye movement control network.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clavagnier2015,

title = {Is the cortical deficit in amblyopia due to reduced cortical magnification, loss of neural resolution, or neural disorganization?},

author = {S. Clavagnier and Serge O. Dumoulin and R. F. Hess},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1101-15.2015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {35},

number = {44},

pages = {14740–14755},

abstract = {The neural basis of amblyopia is a matter of debate. The following possibilities have been suggested: loss of foveal cells, reduced cortical magnification, loss of spatial resolution of foveal cells, and topographical disarray in the cellular map. To resolve this we undertook a population receptive field (pRF) functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the central field in humans with moderate-to-severe amblyopia. We measured the relationship between averaged pRF size and retinal eccentricity in retinotopic visual areas. Results showed that cortical magnification is normal in the foveal field of strabismic amblyopes. However, the pRF sizes are enlarged for the amblyopic eye. We speculate that the pRF enlargement reflects loss of cellular resolution or an increased cellular positional disarray within the representation of the amblyopic eye.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}