Cognitive Eye-Tracking Publications

All EyeLink cognitive and perception publications are listed below in alphabetical order based on the first author. You can search the publications using key words such as Visual Search, Scene Perception, Face Processing, etc. You can also search for individual author names. If we missed any EyeLink cognitive or perception article, please email us!

3737 entries « ‹ 1 of 38 › »

Parisa Abedi Khoozani; Gunnar Blohm

Neck muscle spindle noise biases reaches in a multisensory integration task Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 120 (3), pp. 893–909, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{AbediKhoozani2018,
title = {Neck muscle spindle noise biases reaches in a multisensory integration task},
author = {Parisa {Abedi Khoozani} and Gunnar Blohm},
doi = {10.1152/jn.00643.2017},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
volume = {120},
number = {3},
pages = {893--909},
abstract = {Reference frame Transformations (RFTs) are crucial components of sensorimotor transformations in the brain. Stochasticity in RFTs has been suggested to add noise to the transformed signal due to variability in transformation parameter estimates (e.g. angle) as well as the stochastic nature of computations in spiking networks of neurons. Here, we varied the RFT angle together with the associated variability and evaluated the behavioral impact in a reaching task that required variability-dependent visual-proprioceptive multi-sensory integration. Crucially, reaches were performed with the head either straight or rolled 30deg to either shoulder and we also applied neck loads of 0 or 1.8kg (left or right) in a 3x3 design, resulting in different combinations of estimated head roll angle magnitude and variance required in RFTs. A novel 3D stochastic model of multi-sensory integration across reference frames was fitted to the data and captured our main behavioral findings: (1) neck load biased head angle estimation across all head roll orientations resulting in systematic shifts in reach errors; (2) Increased neck muscle tone led to increased reach variability, due to signal-dependent noise; (3) both head roll and neck load created larger angular errors in reaches to visual targets away from the body compared to reaches toward the body. These results show that noise in muscle spindles and stochasticity in general have a tangible effect on RFTs underlying reach planning. Since RFTs are omnipresent in the brain, our results could have implication for processes as diverse as motor control, decision making, posture / balance control, and perception.},
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Mathias Abegg; Hyung Lee; Jason J S Barton

Systematic diagonal and vertical errors in antisaccades and memory-guided saccades Journal Article

Journal of Eye Movement Research, 3 (3), pp. 1–10, 2010.

Abstract | BibTeX

Mathias Abegg; Amadeo R Rodriguez; Hyung Lee; Jason J S Barton

‘Alternate-goal bias' in antisaccades and the inXuence of expectation Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 203 (3), pp. 553–562, 2010.

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Mathias Abegg; Dara S Manoach; Jason J S Barton

Knowing the future: Partial foreknowledge effects on the programming of prosaccades and antisaccades Journal Article

Vision Research, 51 (1), pp. 215–221, 2011.

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Mathias Abegg; Nishant Sharma; Jason J S Barton

Antisaccades generate two types of saccadic inhibition Journal Article

Biological Psychology, 89 (1), pp. 191–194, 2012.

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Mathias Abegg; Dario Pianezzi; Jason J S Barton

A vertical asymmetry in saccades Journal Article

Journal of Eye Movement Research, 8 (5), pp. 1–10, 2015.

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Naotoshi Abekawa; H Gomi

Spatial coincidence of intentional actions modulates an implicit visuomotor control Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 103 (5), pp. 2717–2727, 2010.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Abekawa2010,
title = {Spatial coincidence of intentional actions modulates an implicit visuomotor control},
author = {Naotoshi Abekawa and H Gomi},
doi = {10.1152/jn.91133.2008},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
volume = {103},
number = {5},
pages = {2717--2727},
abstract = {We investigated a visuomotor mechanism contributing to reach correction: the manual following response (MFR), which is a quick response to background visual motion that frequently occurs as a reafference when the body moves. Although several visual specificities of the MFR have been elucidated, the functional and computational mechanisms of its motor coordination remain unclear mainly because it involves complex relationships among gaze, reaching target, and visual stimuli. To directly explore how these factors interact in the MFR, we assessed the impact of spatial coincidences among gaze, arm reaching, and visual motion on the MFR. When gaze location was displaced from the reaching target with an identical visual motion kept on the retina, the amplitude of the MFR significantly decreased as displacement increased. A factorial manipulation of gaze, reaching-target, and visual motion locations showed that the response decrease is due to the spatial separation between gaze and reaching target but is not due to the spatial separation between visual motion and reaching target. Additionally, elimination of visual motion around the fovea attenuated the MFR. The effects of these spatial coincidences on the MFR are completely different from their effects on the perceptual mislocalization of targets caused by visual motion. Furthermore, we found clear differences between the modulation sensitivities of the MFR and the ocular following response to spatial mismatch between gaze and reaching locations. These results suggest that the MFR modulation observed in our experiment is not due to changes in visual interaction between target and visual motion or to modulation of motion sensitivity in early visual processing. Instead the motor command of the MFR appears to be modulated by the spatial relationship between gaze and reaching.},
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Naotoshi Abekawa; Toshio Inui; Hiroaki Gomi

Eye-hand coordination in on-line visuomotor adjustments Journal Article

NeuroReport, 25 (7), pp. 441–445, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Naotoshi Abekawa; Hiroaki Gomi

Online gain update for manual following response accompanied by gaze shift during arm reaching Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 113 (4), pp. 1206–1216, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Abekawa2015,
title = {Online gain update for manual following response accompanied by gaze shift during arm reaching},
author = {Naotoshi Abekawa and Hiroaki Gomi},
doi = {10.1152/jn.00281.2014},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
volume = {113},
number = {4},
pages = {1206--1216},
abstract = {To capture objects by hand, online motor corrections are required to compensate for self-body movements. Recent studies have shown that background visual motion, usually caused by body movement, plays a significant role in such online corrections. Visual motion applied during a reaching movement induces a rapid and automatic manual following response (MFR) in the direction of the visual motion. Importantly, the MFR amplitude is modulated by the gaze direction relative to the reach target location (i.e., foveal or peripheral reaching). That is, the brain specifies the adequate visuomotor gain for an online controller based on gaze-reach coordination. However, the time or state point at which the brain specifies this visuomotor gain remains unclear. More specifically, does the gain change occur even during the execution of reaching? In the present study, we measured MFR amplitudes during a task in which the participant performed a saccadic eye movement that altered the gaze-reach coordination during reaching. The results indicate that the MFR amplitude immediately after the saccade termination changed according to the new gaze-reach coordination, suggesting a flexible online updating of the MFR gain during reaching. An additional experiment showed that this gain updating mostly started before the saccade terminated. Therefore, the MFR gain updating process would be triggered by an ocular command related to saccade planning or execution based on forthcoming changes in the gaze-reach coordination. Our findings suggest that the brain flexibly updates the visuomotor gain for an online controller even during reaching movements based on continuous monitoring of the gaze-reach coordination.},
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Dekel Abeles; Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg

Just look away: Gaze aversions as an overt attentional disengagement mechanism Journal Article

Cognition, 168 , pp. 99–109, 2017.

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Dekel Abeles; Roy Amit; Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg

Oculomotor behavior during non-visual tasks: The role of visual saliency Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 13 (6), pp. 1–21, 2018.

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Arman Abrahamyan; Laura Luz Silva; Steven C Dakin; Matteo Carandini; Justin L Gardner

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions Journal Article

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113 (25), pp. E3548–E3557, 2016.

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Alper Açik; Selim Onat; Frank Schumann; Wolfgang Einhäuser; Peter König

Effects of luminance contrast and its modifications on fixation behavior during free viewing of images from different categories Journal Article

Vision Research, 49 (12), pp. 1541–1553, 2009.

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Alper Açik; Adjmal Sarwary; Rafael Schultze-Kraft; Selim Onat; Peter König

Developmental changes in natural viewing behavior: Bottom-up and top-down differences between children, young adults and older adults Journal Article

Frontiers in Psychology, 1 , pp. 1–14, 2010.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Acik2010,
title = {Developmental changes in natural viewing behavior: Bottom-up and top-down differences between children, young adults and older adults},
author = {Alper A{ç}ik and Adjmal Sarwary and Rafael Schultze-Kraft and Selim Onat and Peter König},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00207},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {1},
pages = {1--14},
publisher = {10},
address = {doi},
abstract = {Despite the growing interest in fixation selection under natural conditions, there is a major gap in the literature concerning its developmental aspects. Early in life, bottom-up processes, such as local image feature - color, luminance contrast etc. - guided viewing, might be prominent but later overshadowed by more top-down processing. Moreover, with decline in visual functioning in old age, bottom-up processing is known to suffer. Here we recorded eye movements of 7- to 9-year-old children, 19- to 27-year-old adults, and older adults above 72 years of age while they viewed natural and complex images before performing a patch-recognition task. Task performance displayed the classical inverted U-shape, with young adults outperforming the other age groups. Fixation discrimination performance of local feature values dropped with age. Whereas children displayed the highest feature values at fixated points, suggesting a bottom-up mechanism, older adult viewing behavior was less feature-dependent, reminiscent of a top-down strategy. Importantly, we observed a double dissociation between children and elderly regarding the effects of active viewing on feature-related viewing: Explorativeness correlated with feature-related viewing negatively in young age, and positively in older adults. The results indicate that, with age, bottom-up fixation selection loses strength and/or the role of top-down processes becomes more important. Older adults who increase their feature-related viewing by being more explorative make use of this low-level information and perform better in the task. The present study thus reveals an important developmental change in natural and task-guided viewing.},
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Alper Acik; Andreas Bartel; Peter Konig

Real and implied motion at the center of gaze Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 14 (1), pp. 1–19, 2014.

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John F Ackermann; M S Landy

Statistical templates for visual search Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 14 (3), pp. 1–17, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ackermann2014,
title = {Statistical templates for visual search},
author = {John F Ackermann and M S Landy},
doi = {10.1167/14.3.18},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {1--17},
abstract = {How do we find a target embedded in a scene? Within the framework of signal detection theory, this task is carried out by comparing each region of the scene with a "template," i.e., an internal representation of the search target. Here we ask what form this representation takes when the search target is a complex image with uncertain orientation. We examine three possible representations. The first is the matched filter. Such a representation cannot account for the ease with which humans can find a complex search target that is rotated relative to the template. A second representation attempts to deal with this by estimating the relative orientation of target and match and rotating the intensity-based template. No intensity-based template, however, can account for the ability to easily locate targets that are defined categorically and not in terms of a specific arrangement of pixels. Thus, we define a third template that represents the target in terms of image statistics rather than pixel intensities. Subjects performed a two-alternative, forced-choice search task in which they had to localize an image that matched a previously viewed target. Target images were texture patches. In one condition, match images were the same image as the target and distractors were a different image of the same textured material. In the second condition, the match image was of the same texture as the target (but different pixels) and the distractor was an image of a different texture. Match and distractor stimuli were randomly rotated relative to the target. We compared human performance to pixel-based, pixel-based with rotation, and statistic-based search models. The statistic-based search model was most successful at matching human performance. We conclude that humans use summary statistics to search for complex visual targets.},
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John F Ackermann; Michael S Landy

Suboptimal decision criteria are predicted by subjectively weighted probabilities and rewards Journal Article

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77 (2), pp. 638–658, 2015.

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David J Acunzo; John M Henderson

No emotional "Pop-out" effect in natural scene viewing Journal Article

Emotion, 11 (5), pp. 1134–1143, 2011.

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Hamed Zivari Adab; Ivo D Popivanov; Wim Vanduffel; Rufin Vogels

Perceptual learning of simple stimuli modifies stimulus representations in posterior inferior temporal cortex Journal Article

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26 (10), pp. 2187–2200, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Adab2014,
title = {Perceptual learning of simple stimuli modifies stimulus representations in posterior inferior temporal cortex},
author = {Hamed Zivari Adab and Ivo D Popivanov and Wim Vanduffel and Rufin Vogels},
doi = {10.1162/jocn},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {2187--2200},
abstract = {Practicing simple visual detection and discrimination tasks improves performance, a signature of adult brain plasticity. The neural mechanisms that underlie these changes in performance are still unclear. Previously, we reported that practice in discriminating the orientation of noisy gratings (coarse orientation discrimination) increased the ability of single neurons in the early visual area V4 to discriminate the trained stimuli. Here, we ask whether practice in this task also changes the stimulus tuning properties of later visual cortical areas, despite the use of simple grating stimuli. To identify candidate areas, we used fMRI to map activations to noisy gratings in trained rhesus monkeys, revealing a region in the posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex. Subsequent single unit record- ings in PIT showed that the degree of orientation selectivity was similar to that of area V4 and that the PIT neurons discriminated the trained orientations better than the untrained orientations. Unlike in previous single unit studies of perceptual learning in early visual cortex, more PIT neurons preferred trained compared with untrained orientations. The effects of training on the responses to the grating stimuli were also present when the animals were performing a difficult orthogo- nal task in which the grating stimuli were task-irrelevant, suggesting that the training effect does not need attention to be expressed. The PIT neurons could support orientation discrimination at low signal-to-noise levels. These findings suggest that extensive practice in discriminating simple grating stimuli not only affects early visual cortex but also changes the stimulus tuning of a late visual cortical area.},
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Jos J Adam; Simona Buetti; Dirk Kerzel

Coordinated flexibility: How initial gaze position modulates eye-hand coordination and reaching Journal Article

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38 (4), pp. 891–901, 2012.

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Robert Adam; Paul M Bays; Masud Husain

Rapid decision-making under risk Journal Article

Cognitive Neuroscience, 3 (1), pp. 52–61, 2012.

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Jos J Adam; Thamar J H Bovend'Eerdt; Fren T Y Smulders; Pascal W M Van Gerven

Strategic flexibility in response preparation: Effects of cue validity on reaction time and pupil dilation Journal Article

Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 26 (2), pp. 166–177, 2014.

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Hossein Adeli; Françoise Vitu; Gregory J Zelinsky

A model of the superior colliculus predicts fixation locations during scene viewing and visual aearch Journal Article

Journal of Neuroscience, 37 (6), pp. 1453–1467, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Adeli2017,
title = {A model of the superior colliculus predicts fixation locations during scene viewing and visual aearch},
author = {Hossein Adeli and Fran{ç}oise Vitu and Gregory J Zelinsky},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0825-16.2016},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {37},
number = {6},
pages = {1453--1467},
abstract = {Modern computational models of attention predict fixations using saliency maps and target maps, which prioritize locations for fixation based on feature contrast and target goals, respectively. But whereas many such models are biologically plausible, none have looked to the oculomotor system for design constraints or parameter specification. Conversely, although most models of saccade programming are tightly coupled to underlying neurophysiology, none have been tested using real-world stimuli and tasks. We combined the strengths of these two approaches in MASC, a model of attention in the superior colliculus (SC) that captures known neurophysiological constraints on saccade programming. We show that MASC predicted the fixation locations of humans freely viewing naturalistic scenes and performing exemplar and categorical search tasks, a breadth achieved by no other existing model. Moreover, it did this as well or better than its more specialized state-of-the-art competitors. MASC's predictive success stems from its inclusion of high-level but core principles of SC organization: an over-representation of foveal information, size-invariant population codes, cascaded population averaging over distorted visual and motor maps, and competition between motor point images for saccade programming, all of which cause further modulation of priority (attention) after projection of saliency and target maps to the SC. Only by incorporating these organizing brain principles into our models can we fully understand the transformation of complex visual information into the saccade programs underlying movements of overt attention. With MASC, a theoretical footing now exists to generate and test computationally explicit predictions of behavioral and neural responses in visually complex real-world contexts.},
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Kivilcim Afacan-Seref; Natalie A Steinemann; Annabelle Blangero; Simon P Kelly

Dynamic interplay of value and sensory information in high-speed decision making Journal Article

Current Biology, 28 (5), pp. 795–802, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Afacan-Seref2018,
title = {Dynamic interplay of value and sensory information in high-speed decision making},
author = {Kivilcim Afacan-Seref and Natalie A Steinemann and Annabelle Blangero and Simon P Kelly},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.071},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
journal = {Current Biology},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {795--802},
abstract = {In dynamic environments, split-second sensorimotor decisions must be prioritized according to potential payoffs to maximize overall rewards. The impact of relative value on deliberative perceptual judgments has been examined extensively [1–6], but relatively little is known about value-biasing mechanisms in the common situation where physical evidence is strong but the time to act is severely limited. In prominent decision models, a noisy but statistically stationary representation of sensory evidence is integrated over time to an action-triggering bound, and value-biases are affected by starting the integrator closer to the more valuable bound. Here, we show significant departures from this account for humans making rapid sensory-instructed action choices. Behavior was best explained by a simple model in which the evidence representation—and hence, rate of accumulation—is itself biased by value and is non-stationary, increasing over the short decision time frame. Because the value bias initially dominates, the model uniquely predicts a dynamic ‘‘turn-around'' effect on low-value cues, where the accumulator first launches toward the incorrect action but is then re-routed to the correct one. This was clearly exhibited in electrophysiological signals reflecting motor preparation and evidence accumulation. Finally, we construct an extended model that implements this dynamic effect through plausible sensory neural response modulations and demonstrate the correspondence between decision signal dynamics simulated from a behavioral fit of that model and the empirical decision signals. Our findings suggest that value and sensory information can exert simultaneous and dynamically countervailing influences on the trajectory of the accumulation-to-bound process, driving rapid, sensory-guided actions.},
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Arash Afraz; Patrick Cavanagh

The gender-specific face aftereffect is based in retinotopic not spatiotopic coordinates across several natural image transformations Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 9 (10), pp. 1–17, 2009.

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Zaeinab Afsari; José P Ossandón; Peter Konig

The dynamic effect of reading direction habit on spatial asymmetry of image perception Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 16 (11), pp. 1–21, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Afsari2016,
title = {The dynamic effect of reading direction habit on spatial asymmetry of image perception},
author = {Zaeinab Afsari and José P Ossandón and Peter Konig},
doi = {10.1167/16.11.8.doi},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {1--21},
abstract = {Exploration of images after stimulus onset is initially biased to the left. Here, we studied the causes of such an asymmetry and investigated effects of reading habits, text primes, and priming by systematically biased eye movements on this spatial bias in visual exploration. Bilinguals first read text primes with right- to-left (RTL) or left-to-right (LTR) reading directions and subsequently explored natural images. In Experiment 1, native RTL speakers showed a leftward free-viewing shift after reading LTR primes but a weaker rightward bias after reading RTL primes. This demonstrates that reading direction dynamically influences the spatial bias. However, native LTR speakers wholearnedanRTL languagelateinlife showed a leftward bias after reading either LTR or RTL primes, which suggests the role of habit formation in the production of the spatial bias. In Experiment 2, LTR bilinguals showed a slightly enhanced leftward bias after reading LTR text primes in their second language. This might contribute to the differences of native RTL and LTR speakers observed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, LTR bilinguals read normal (LTR, habitual reading) and mirrored left-to-right (mLTR, nonhabitual reading) texts. We observed a strong leftward bias in both cases, indicating that the bias direction is influenced by habitual reading direction and is not secondary to the actual reading direction. This is confirmed in Experiment 4, in which LTR participants were asked to follow RTL and LTR moving dots in prior image presentation and showed no change in the normal spatial bias. In conclusion, the horizontal bias is a dynamic property and is modulated by habitual reading direction. Introduction},
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Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Michael H Herzog; Haluk Öğmen

Field-like interactions between motion-based reference frames Journal Article

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77 (6), pp. 2082–2097, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Agaoglu2015,
title = {Field-like interactions between motion-based reference frames},
author = {Mehmet N Ağaoğlu and Michael H Herzog and Haluk Öğmen},
doi = {10.3758/s13414-015-0890-9},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics},
volume = {77},
number = {6},
pages = {2082--2097},
abstract = {A reference frame is required to specify how motion is perceived. For example, the motion ofpart ofan object is usually perceived relative to the motion of the object itself. Johansson (Psychological Research, 38,379–393, 1976)pro-posed that the perceptual system carries out a vector decomposition, which rewsults in common and relative motion percepts. Because vector decomposition is an ill-posed problem, several studies have introduced constraints by means ofwhich the number of solutions can be substantially reduced. Here, we have adopted an alternative approach and studied how, rather than why, a subset ofsolutions is selected by the visual system. We propose that each retinotopic motion vector creates a reference-frame field in the retinotopic space, and that the fields created by different motion vectors interact in order to determine a motion vector that will serve as the reference frame at a given point and time in space. To test this theory, we performed a set ofpsychophysical experiments. The field-like influence of motion-based reference frames was manifested by increased nonspatiotopic percepts of the backward motion of a target square with decreasing distance from a drifting grating. We then sought to determine whether these field-like effects ofmotion-based reference frames can also be extended to stationary landmarks. The results suggest that reference-field interactions occur only between motion-generated fields. Finally, we investigated whether and how different reference fields interact with each other, and found that different reference-field interactions are nonlinear and depend on how the motion vectors are grouped. These findings are discussed from the perspective ofthe reference-frame metric field (RFMF) theory, according to which perceptual grouping operations play a central and essential role in determining the prevailing reference frames.},
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Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Michael H Herzog; Haluk Öğmen

The effective reference frame in perceptual judgments of motion direction Journal Article

Vision Research, 107 , pp. 101–112, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Susana T L Chung

Can (should) theories of crowding be unified? Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 16 (15), pp. 1–22, 2016.

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Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Aaron M Clarke; Michael H Herzog; Haluk Ögmen

Motion-based nearest vector metric for reference frame selection in the perception of motion Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 16 (7), pp. 1–16, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Agaoglu2016a,
title = {Motion-based nearest vector metric for reference frame selection in the perception of motion},
author = {Mehmet N Ağaoğlu and Aaron M Clarke and Michael H Herzog and Haluk Ögmen},
doi = {10.1167/16.7.14},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {1--16},
abstract = {We investigated how the visual system selects a reference frame for the perception of motion. Two concentric arcs underwent circular motion around the center of the display, where observers fixated. The outer (target) arc's angular velocity profile was modulated by a sine wave midflight whereas the inner (reference) arc moved at a constant angular speed. The task was to report whether the target reversed its direction of motion at any point during its motion. We investigated the effects of spatial and figural factors by systematically varying the radial and angular distances between the arcs, and their relative sizes. We found that the effectiveness of the reference frame decreases with increasing radial- and angular-distance measures. Drastic changes in the relative sizes of the arcs did not influence motion reversal thresholds, suggesting no influence of stimulus form on perceived motion. We also investigated the effect of common velocity by introducing velocity fluctuations to the reference arc as well. We found no effect of whether or not a reference frame has a constant motion. We examined several form- and motion-based metrics, which could potentially unify our findings. We found that a motion-based nearest vector metric can fully account for all the data reported here. These findings suggest that the selection of reference frames for motion processing does not result from a winner-take-all process, but instead, can be explained by a field whose strength decreases with the distance between the nearest motion vectors regardless of the form of the moving objects.},
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Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Haluk Öğmen; Susana T L Chung

Unmasking saccadic uncrowding Journal Article

Vision Research, 127 , pp. 152–164, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Agaoglu2016b,
title = {Unmasking saccadic uncrowding},
author = {Mehmet N Ağaoğlu and Haluk Öğmen and Susana T L Chung},
doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2016.08.003},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Vision Research},
volume = {127},
pages = {152--164},
abstract = {Stimuli that are briefly presented around the time of saccades are often perceived with spatiotemporal distortions. These distortions do not always have deleterious effects on the visibility and identification of a stimulus. Recent studies reported that when a stimulus is the target of an intended saccade, it is released from both masking and crowding. Here, we investigated pre-saccadic changes in single and crowded letter recognition performance in the absence (Experiment 1) and the presence (Experiment 2) of backward masks to determine the extent to which saccadic “uncrowding” and “unmasking” mechanisms are similar. Our results show that pre-saccadic improvements in letter recognition performance are mostly due to the presence of masks and/or stimulus transients which occur after the target is presented. More importantly, we did not find any decrease in crowding strength before impending saccades. A simplified version of a dual-channel neural model, originally proposed to explain masking phenomena, with several saccadic add-on mechanisms, could account for our results in Experiment 1. However, this model falls short in explaining how saccades drastically reduced the effect of backward masking (Experiment 2). The addition of a remapping mechanism that alters the relative spatial positions of stimuli was needed to fully account for the improvements observed when backward masks followed the letter stimuli. Taken together, our results (i) are inconsistent with saccadic uncrowding, (ii) strongly support saccadic unmasking, and (iii) suggest that pre-saccadic letter recognition is modulated by multiple perisaccadic mechanisms with different time courses.},
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Mehmet N Ağaoğlu; Susana T L Chung

Interaction between stimulus contrast and pre-saccadic crowding Journal Article

Royal Society Open Science, 4 (2), pp. 1–17, 2017.

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Dimitris Agrafiotis; Nishan Canagarajah; David R Bull; Matthew Dye

Perceptually optimised sign language video coding based on eye tracking analysis Journal Article

Electronics Letters, 39 , pp. 1–2, 2003.

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Carlos Aguilar; Eric Castet

Gaze-contingent simulation of retinopathy: Some potential pitfalls and remedies Journal Article

Vision Research, 51 (9), pp. 997–1012, 2011.

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Stephanie Ahken; Gilles Comeau; Sylvie Hébert; Ramesh Balasubramaniam

Eye movement patterns during the processing of musical and linguistic syntactic incongruities. Journal Article

Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 22 (1), pp. 18–25, 2012.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Sheeraz Ahmad; He Huang; Angela J Yu

Cost-sensitive Bayesian control policy in human active sensing Journal Article

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8 (December), pp. 1–12, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ahmad2014,
title = {Cost-sensitive Bayesian control policy in human active sensing},
author = {Sheeraz Ahmad and He Huang and Angela J Yu},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2014.00955},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {8},
number = {December},
pages = {1--12},
abstract = {An important but poorly understood aspect of sensory processing is the role of active sensing, the use of self-motion such as eye or head movements to focus sensing resources on the most rewarding or informative aspects of the sensory environment. Here, we present behavioral data from a visual search experiment, as well as a Bayesian model of within-trial dynamics of sensory processing and eye movements. Within this Bayes-optimal inference and control framework, which we call C-DAC (Context-Dependent Active Controller), various types of behavioral costs, such as temporal delay, response error, and sensor repositioning cost, are explicitly minimized. This contrasts with previously proposed algorithms that optimize abstract statistical objectives such as anticipated information gain (Infomax) (Butko and Movellan, 2010) and expected posterior maximum (greedy MAP) (Najemnik and Geisler, 2005). We find that C-DAC captures human visual search dynamics better than previous models, in particular a certain form of "confirmation bias" apparent in the way human subjects utilize prior knowledge about the spatial distribution of the search target to improve search speed and accuracy. We also examine several computationally efficient approximations to C-DAC that may present biologically more plausible accounts of the neural computations underlying active sensing, as well as practical tools for solving active sensing problems in engineering applications. To summarize, this paper makes the following key contributions: human visual search behavioral data, a context-sensitive Bayesian active sensing model, a comparative study between different models of human active sensing, and a family of efficient approximations to the optimal model.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Suzon Ajasse; Ryad B Benosman; Jean Lorenceau

Effects of pupillary responses to luminance and attention on visual spatial discrimination Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 18 (11), pp. 1–14, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ajasse2018,
title = {Effects of pupillary responses to luminance and attention on visual spatial discrimination},
author = {Suzon Ajasse and Ryad B Benosman and Jean Lorenceau},
doi = {10.1167/18.11.6},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {1--14},
abstract = {The optic quality of the eyes is, at least in part, determined by pupil size. Large pupils let more light enter the eyes, but degrade the point spread function, and thus the spatial resolution that can be achieved (Campbell & Gregory, 1960). In natural conditions, the pupil is mainly driven by the luminance (and possibly the color and contrast) at the gazed location, but is also modulated by attention and cognitive factors. Whether changes in eyes' optics related to pupil size modulation by luminance and attention impacts visual processing was assessed in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we measured pupil size using a constantly visible display made of four disks with different luminance levels, with no other task than fixating the disks in succession. The results confirmed that pupil size depends on the luminance of the gazed stimulus. Experiment 2, using similar settings as Experiment 1, used a two-interval forced-choice design to test whether discriminating high spatial frequencies that requires covert attention to parafoveal stimuli is better during the fixation of bright disks that entails a small pupil size, and hence better eyes' optics, as compared to fixating dark disks that entails a large pupil size, and hence poorer eyes' optics. As in Experiment 1, we observed large modulations of pupil size depending on the luminance of the gazed stimulus, but pupil dynamics was more variable, with marked pupil dilation during stimulus encoding, presumably because the demanding spatial frequency discrimination task engaged attention. However, discrimination performance and mean pupil size were not correlated. Despite this lack of correlation, the slopes of pupil dilation during stimulus encoding were correlated to performance, while the slopes of pupil dilation during decision-making were not. We discuss these results regarding the possible functional roles of pupil size modulations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Sara Ajina; Christopher Kennard; Geraint Rees; Holly Bridge

Motion area V5/MT+ response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex Journal Article

Brain, 138 (1), pp. 164–178, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ajina2015,
title = {Motion area V5/MT+ response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex},
author = {Sara Ajina and Christopher Kennard and Geraint Rees and Holly Bridge},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awu328},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {138},
number = {1},
pages = {164--178},
abstract = {Motion area V5/MT+ shows a variety of characteristic visual responses, often linked to perception, which are heavily influenced by its rich connectivity with the primary visual cortex (V1). This human motion area also receives a number of inputs from other visual regions, including direct subcortical connections and callosal connections with the contralateral hemisphere. Little is currently known about such alternative inputs to V5/MT+ and how they may drive and influence its activity. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the response of human V5/MT+ to increasing the proportion of coherent motion was measured in seven patients with unilateral V1 damage acquired during adulthood, and a group of healthy age-matched controls. When V1 was damaged, the typical V5/MT+ response to increasing coherence was lost. Rather, V5/MT+ in patients showed a negative trend with coherence that was similar to coherence-related activity in V1 of healthy control subjects. This shift to a response-pattern more typical of early visual cortex suggests that in the absence of V1, V5/MT+ activity may be shaped by similar direct subcortical input. This is likely to reflect intact residual pathways rather than a change in connectivity, and has important implications for blindsight function. It also confirms predictions that V1 is critically involved in normal V5/MT+ global motion processing, consistent with a convergent model of V1 input to V5/MT+. Historically, most attempts to model cortical visual responses do not consider the contribution of direct subcortical inputs that may bypass striate cortex, such as input to V5/MT+. We have shown that the signal change driven by these non-striate pathways can be measured, and suggest that models of the intact visual system may benefit from considering their contribution.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Sara Ajina; Holly Bridge

Blindsight relies on a functional connection between hMT+ and the lateral geniculate nucleus, not the pulvinar Journal Article

PLoS Biology, 16 (7), pp. 1–25, 2018.

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Başak Akdoğan; Fuat Balcı; Hedderik van Rijn

Temporal expectation indexed by pupillary response Journal Article

Timing & Time Perception, 4 , pp. 354–370, 2016.

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Annika Åkerfelt; Hans Colonius; Adele Diederich

Visual-tactile saccadic inhibition Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 169 (4), pp. 554–563, 2006.

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Ozgur E Akman; Richard A Clement; David S Broomhead; Sabira Mannan; Ian Moorhead; Hugh R Wilson

Probing bottom-up processing with multistable images Journal Article

Journal of Eye Movement Research, 1 (3), pp. 1–7, 2009.

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Umair Akram; Jason G Ellis; Andriy Myachykov; Nicola L Barclay

Preferential attention towards the eye-region amongst individuals with insomnia Journal Article

Journal of Sleep Research, 26 (1), pp. 84–91, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Akram2017,
title = {Preferential attention towards the eye-region amongst individuals with insomnia},
author = {Umair Akram and Jason G Ellis and Andriy Myachykov and Nicola L Barclay},
doi = {10.1111/jsr.12456},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sleep Research},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {84--91},
abstract = {People with insomnia often perceive their own facial appearance as more tired compared with the appearance of others. Evidence also highlights the eye-region in projecting tiredness cues to perceivers, and tiredness judgements often rely on preferential attention towards this region. Using a novel eye-tracking paradigm, this study examined: (i) whether individuals with insomnia display preferential attention towards the eyeregion, relative to nose and mouth regions, whilst observing faces compared with normal-sleepers; and (ii) whether an attentional bias towards the eye-region amongst individuals with insomnia is self-specific or general in nature. Twenty individuals with DSM-5 Insomnia Disorder and 20 normal-sleepers viewed 48 neutral facial photographs (24 of themselves, 24 of other people) for periods of 4000 ms. Eye movements were recorded using eye-tracking, and first fixation onset, first fixation duration and total gaze duration were examined for three interest-regions (eyes, nose, mouth). Significant group 9 interest-region interactions indicated that, regardless of the face presented, participants with insomnia were quicker to attend to, and spent more time observing, the eye-region relative to the nose and mouth regions compared with normal-sleepers. However, no group 9 face 9 interest-region interactions were established. Thus, whilst individuals with insomnia displayed preferential attention towards the eye-region in general, this effect was not accentuated during self-perception. Insomnia appears to be characterized by a general, rather than self-specific, attentional bias towards the eye-region. These findings contribute to our understanding of face perception in insomnia, and provide tentative support for cognitive models of insomnia demonstrating that individuals with insomnia monitor faces in general, with a specific focus around the eye-region, for cues associated with tiredness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Andrea Alamia; Alexandre Zénon

Statistical regularities attract attention when task-relevant Journal Article

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10 , pp. 1–10, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Alamia2016,
title = {Statistical regularities attract attention when task-relevant},
author = {Andrea Alamia and Alexandre Zénon},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2016.00042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {10},
pages = {1--10},
abstract = {Visual attention seems essential for learning the statistical regularities in our environment, a process known as statistical learning. However, how attention is allocated when exploring a novel visual scene whose statistical structure is unknown remains unclear. In order to address this question, we investigated visual attention allocation during a task in which we manipulated the conditional probability of occurrence of colored stimuli, unbeknown to the subjects. Participants were instructed to detect a target colored dot among two dots moving along separate circular paths. We evaluated implicit statistical learning, i.e. the effect of color predictability on reaction times (RT), and recorded eye position concurrently. Attention allocation was indexed by comparing the Mahalanobis distance between the position, velocity and acceleration of the eyes and the 2 colored dots. We found that learning the conditional probabilities occurred very early during the course of the experiment as shown by the fact that, starting already from the first block, predictable stimuli were detected with shorter RT than unpredictable ones. In terms of attentional allocation, we found that the predictive stimulus attracted gaze only when it was informative about the occurrence of the target but not when it predicted the occurrence of a task-irrelevant stimulus. This suggests that attention allocation was influenced by regularities only when they were instrumental in performing the task. Moreover, we found that the attentional bias towards task-relevant predictive stimuli occurred at a very early stage of learning, concomitantly with the first effects of learning on RT. In conclusion, these results show that statistical regularities capture visual attention only after a few occurrences, provided these regularities are instrumental to perform the task.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Andrea Alamia; Oleg Solopchuk; Alexandre Zénon

Strong conscious cues suppress preferential gaze allocation to unconscious cues Journal Article

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12 , pp. 1–9, 2018.

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Concetta F Alberti; Peter J Bex

Binocular contrast summation and inhibition depends on spatial frequency, eccentricity and binocular disparity Journal Article

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 38 (5), pp. 525–537, 2018.

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Andrea Albonico; Manuela Malaspina; Emanuela Bricolo; Marialuisa Martelli; Roberta Daini

Temporal dissociation between the focal and orientation components of spatial attention in central and peripheral vision Journal Article

Acta Psychologica, 171 , pp. 85–92, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Albonico2016,
title = {Temporal dissociation between the focal and orientation components of spatial attention in central and peripheral vision},
author = {Andrea Albonico and Manuela Malaspina and Emanuela Bricolo and Marialuisa Martelli and Roberta Daini},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.10.003},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Acta Psychologica},
volume = {171},
pages = {85--92},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Selective attention, i.e. the ability to concentrate one's limited processing resources on one aspect of the environment, is a multifaceted concept that includes different processes like spatial attention and its subcomponents of orienting and focusing. Several studies, indeed, have shown that visual tasks performance is positively influenced not only by attracting attention to the target location (orientation component), but also by the adjustment of the size of the attentional window according to task demands (focal component). Nevertheless, the relative weight of the two components in central and peripheral vision has never been studied. We conducted two experiments to explore whether different components of spatial attention have different effects in central and peripheral vision. In order to do so, participants underwent either a detection (Experiment 1) or a discrimination (Experiment 2) task where different types of cues elicited different components of spatial attention: a red dot, a small square and a big square (an optimal stimulus for the orientation component, an optimal and a sub-optimal stimulus for the focal component respectively). Response times and cue-size effects indicated a stronger effect of the small square or of the dot in different conditions, suggesting the existence of a dissociation in terms of mechanisms between the focal and the orientation components of spatial attention. Specifically, we found that the orientation component was stronger in periphery, while the focal component was noticeable only in central vision and characterized by an exogenous nature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Robert G Alexander; Gregory J Zelinsky

Journal of Vision, 11 (8), pp. 1–15, 2011.

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Robert G Alexander; Gregory J Zelinsky

Effects of part-based similarity on visual search: The Frankenbear experiment Journal Article

Vision Research, 54 , pp. 20–30, 2012.

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Robert G Alexander; Joseph Schmidt; Gregory J Zelinsky

Are summary statistics enough? Evidence for the importance of shape in guiding visual search Journal Article

Visual Cognition, 22 (3), pp. 595–609, 2014.

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Robert G Alexander; Gregory J Zelinsky

Occluded information is restored at preview but not during visual search Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 18 (11), pp. 1–16, 2018.

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Arjen Alink; Felix Euler; Nikolaus Kriegeskorte; Wolf Singer; Axel Kohler

Auditory motion direction encoding in auditory cortex and high-level visual cortex Journal Article

Human Brain Mapping, 33 (4), pp. 969–978, 2012.

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Micah Allen; Darya Frank; D Samuel Schwarzkopf; Francesca Fardo; Joel S Winston; Tobias U Hauser; Geraint Rees

Unexpected arousal modulates the influence of sensory noise on confidence Journal Article

eLife, 5 , pp. 1–17, 2016.

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Ava-Ann Allman; Chawki Benkelfat; France Durand; Igor Sibon; Alain Dagher; Marco Leyton; Glen B Baker; Gillian A O'Driscoll

Effect of D-amphetamine on inhibition and motor planning as a function of baseline performance. Journal Article

Psychopharmacology, 211 (4), pp. 423–33, 2010.

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Ava-Ann Allman; Ulrich Ettinger; Ridha Joober; Gillian A O'Driscoll

Effects of methylphenidate on basic and higher-order oculomotor functions Journal Article

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26 (11), pp. 1471–1479, 2012.

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Albandri Alotaibi; Geoffrey Underwood; Alastair D Smith

Cultural differences in attention: Eye movement evidence from a comparative visual search task Journal Article

Consciousness and Cognition, 55 , pp. 254–265, 2017.

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Reem Alsadoon; Trude Heift

Textual input enhancement for vowel blindness: A study with Arabic ESL learners Journal Article

The Modern Language Journal, 99 (1), pp. 57–79, 2015.

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Christian F Altmann; Arne Deubelius; Zoe Kourtzi

Shape saliency modulates contextual processing in the human lateral occipital complex Journal Article

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16 (5), pp. 794–804, 2004.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Altmann2004,
title = {Shape saliency modulates contextual processing in the human lateral occipital complex},
author = {Christian F Altmann and Arne Deubelius and Zoe Kourtzi},
doi = {10.1162/089892904970825},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {794--804},
abstract = {Visual context influences our perception of target objects in natural scenes. However, little is known about the analysis of context information and its role in shape perception in the human brain. We investigated whether the human lateral occipital complex (LOC), known to be involved in the visual analysis of shapes, also processes information about the context of shapes within cluttered scenes. We employed an fMRI adaptation paradigm in which fMRI responses are lower for two identical than for two different stimuli presented consecutively. The stimuli consisted of closed target contours defined by aligned Gabor elements embedded in a background of randomly oriented Gabors. We measured fMRI adaptation in the LOC across changes in the context of the target shapes by manipulating the position and orientation of the background elements. No adaptation was observed across context changes when the background elements were presented in the same plane as the target elements. However, adaptation was observed when the grouping of the target elements was enhanced in a bottom-up (i.e., grouping by disparity or motion) or top-down (i.e., shape priming) manner and thus the saliency of the target shape increased. These findings suggest that the LOC processes information not only about shapes, but also about their context. This processing of context information in the LOC is modulated by figure-ground segmentation and grouping processes. That is, neural populations in the LOC encode context information when relevant to the perception of target shapes, but represent salient targets independent of context changes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Kaoru Amano; Tsunehiro Takeda; Tomoki Haji; Masahiko Terao; Kazushi Maruya; Kenji Matsumoto; Ikuya Murakami; Shin'ya Nishida

Human neural responses involved in spatial pooling of locally ambiguous motion signals Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 107 (12), pp. 3493–3508, 2012.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Amano2012,
title = {Human neural responses involved in spatial pooling of locally ambiguous motion signals},
author = {Kaoru Amano and Tsunehiro Takeda and Tomoki Haji and Masahiko Terao and Kazushi Maruya and Kenji Matsumoto and Ikuya Murakami and Shin'ya Nishida},
doi = {10.1152/jn.00821.2011},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
volume = {107},
number = {12},
pages = {3493--3508},
abstract = {Early visual motion signals are local and one-dimensional (1-D). For specification of global two-dimensional (2-D) motion vectors, the visual system should appropriately integrate these signals across orientation and space. Previous neurophysiological studies have suggested that this integration process consists of two computational steps (estimation of local 2-D motion vectors, followed by their spatial pooling), both being identified in the area MT. Psychophysical findings, however, suggest that under certain stimulus conditions, the human visual system can also compute mathematically correct global motion vectors from direct pooling of spatially distributed 1-D motion signals. To study the neural mechanisms responsible for this novel 1-D motion pooling, we conducted human magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional MRI experiments using a global motion stimulus comprising multiple moving Gabors (global-Gabor motion). In the first experiment, we measured MEG and blood oxygen level-dependent responses while changing motion coherence of global-Gabor motion. In the second experiment, we investigated cortical responses correlated with direction-selective adaptation to the global 2-D motion, not to local 1-D motions. We found that human MT complex (hMT+) responses show both coherence dependency and direction selectivity to global motion based on 1-D pooling. The results provide the first evidence that hMT+ is the locus of 1-D motion pooling, as well as that of conventional 2-D motion pooling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Ken ichi Amemori; Satoko Amemori; Daniel J Gibson; Ann M Graybiel

Striatal microstimulation induces persistent and repetitive negative decision-making predicted by striatal beta-band oscillation Journal Article

Neuron, 99 (4), pp. 829–841, 2018.

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Ilhame Ameqrane; Pierre Pouget; Nicolas Wattiez; Roger Carpenter; Marcus Missal

Implicit and explicit timing in oculomotor control Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 9 (4), pp. 1–11, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ameqrane2014,
title = {Implicit and explicit timing in oculomotor control},
author = {Ilhame Ameqrane and Pierre Pouget and Nicolas Wattiez and Roger Carpenter and Marcus Missal},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0093958},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {1--11},
abstract = {The passage of time can be estimated either explicitly, e.g. before leaving home in the morning, or implicitly, e.g. when catching a flying ball. In the present study, the latency of saccadic eye movements was used to evaluate differences between implicit and explicit timing. Humans were required to make a saccade between a central and a peripheral position on a computer screen. The delay between the extinction of a central target and the appearance of an eccentric target was the independent variable that could take one out of four different values (400, 900, 1400 or 1900 ms). In target trials, the delay period lasted for one of the four durations randomly. At the end of the delay, a saccade was initiated by the appearance of an eccentric target. Cue&target trials were similar to target trials but the duration of the delay was visually cued. In probe trials, the duration of the upcoming delay was cued, but there was no eccentric target and subjects had to internally generate a saccade at the estimated end of the delay. In target and cue&target trials, the mean and variance of latency distributions decreased as delay duration increased. In cue&target trials latencies were shorter. In probe trials, the variance increased with increasing delay duration and scalar variability was observed. The major differences in saccadic latency distributions were observed between visually-guided (target and cue&target trials) and internally-generated saccades (probe trials). In target and cue&target trials the timing of the response was implicit. In probe trials, the timing of the response was internally-generated and explicitly based on the duration of the visual cue. Scalar timing was observed only during probe trials. This study supports the hypothesis that there is no ubiquitous timing system in the brain but independent timing processes active depending on task demands.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Richard Amlôt; Robin Walker

Are somatosensory saccades voluntary or reflexive? Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 168 (4), pp. 557–565, 2006.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Amlot2006,
title = {Are somatosensory saccades voluntary or reflexive?},
author = {Richard Aml{ô}t and Robin Walker},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-005-0116-9},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
volume = {168},
number = {4},
pages = {557--565},
abstract = {The present study examines whether the distinction between voluntary (endogenous) and reflexive (stimulus-elicited) saccades made in the visual modality can be applied to the somatosensory modality. The behavioural characteristics of putative reflexive pro-saccades and voluntary anti-saccades made to visual and somatosensory stimuli were examined. Both visual and somatosensory pro-saccades had much shorter latency than voluntary anti-saccades made in the direction opposite to a peripheral stimulus. Furthermore, erroneous pro-saccades were made towards both visual and somatosensory stimuli on approximately 11-13% of anti-saccade trials. The observed difference in pro- and anti-saccade latency and the presence of pro-saccade errors in the anti-saccade task indicates that a somatosensory stimulus can elicit a form of reflexive saccade comparable to pro-saccades made in the visual modality. It is proposed that a peripheral somatosensory stimulus can elicit a form of reflexive saccade and that somatosensory saccades do not depend exclusively on higher level endogenous control processes for their generation. However, a comparison of the underlying latency distributions and of peak-velocity profiles of saccades made to visual and somatosensory stimuli showed that this distinction may be less clearly defined for the somatosensory modality and that modality-specific differences (such as differences in neural conduction rates) in the underlying oculomotor structures involved in saccade target selection also need to be considered. It is further suggested that a broader conceptualisation of saccades and saccade programming beyond the simple voluntary and reflexive dichotomy, that takes into account the control processes involved in saccade generation for both modalities, may be required.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Tatiana A Amor; Saulo D S Reis; Daniel Campos; Hans J Herrmann; José S Andrade

Persistence in eye movement during visual search Journal Article

Scientific Reports, 6 , pp. 1–12, 2016.

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Tatiana A Amor; Mirko Luković; Hans J Herrmann; José S Andrade

Influence of scene structure and content on visual search strategies Journal Article

Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14 (132), 2017.

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Lucía Amoruso; Agustín Ibáñez; Bruno Fonseca; Sebastián Gadea; Lucas Sedeño; Mariano Sigman; Adolfo M García; Ricardo Fraiman; Daniel Fraiman

Variability in functional brain networks predicts expertise during action observation Journal Article

NeuroImage, 146 , pp. 690–700, 2017.

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E J Anderson; S K Mannan; M Husain; G Rees; P Sumner; D J Mort; D McRobbie; C Kennard

Involvement of prefrontal cortex in visual search Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 180 (2), pp. 289–302, 2007.

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Elaine J Anderson; Sabira K Mannan; Geraint Rees; Petroc Sumner; Christopher Kennard

A role for spatial and nonspatial working memory processes in visual search Journal Article

Experimental Psychology, 55 (5), pp. 301–312, 2008.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Anderson2008b,
title = {A role for spatial and nonspatial working memory processes in visual search},
author = {Elaine J Anderson and Sabira K Mannan and Geraint Rees and Petroc Sumner and Christopher Kennard},
doi = {10.1027/1618-3169.55.5.301},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Experimental Psychology},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {301--312},
abstract = {Searching a cluttered visual scene for a specific item of interest can take several seconds to perform if the target item is difficult to discriminate from surrounding items. Whether working memory processes are utilized to guide the path of attentional selection during such searches remains under debate. Previous studies have found evidence to support a role for spatial working memory in inefficient search, but the role of nonspatial working memory remains unclear. Here, we directly compared the role of spatial and nonspatial working memory for both an efficient and inefficient search task. In Experiment 1, we used a dual-task paradigm to investigate the effect of performing visual search within the retention interval of a spatial working memory task. Importantly, by incorporating two working memory loads (low and high) we were able to make comparisons between dual-task conditions, rather than between dual-task and single-task conditions. This design allows any interference effects observed to be attributed to changes in memory load, rather than to nonspecific effects related to "dual-task" performance. We found that the efficiency of the inefficient search task declined as spatial memory load increased, but that the efficient search task remained efficient. These results suggest that spatial memory plays an important role in inefficient but not efficient search. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same visual search tasks within the retention interval of visually matched spatial and verbal working memory tasks. Critically, we found comparable dual-task interference between inefficient search and both the spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks, indicating that inefficient search recruits working memory processes common to both domains.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Elaine J Anderson; S K Mannan; G Rees; P Sumner; C Kennard

Overlapping functional anatomy for working memory and visual search. Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 200 (1), pp. 91–107, 2010.

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Brian A Anderson; Steven Yantis

Value-driven attentional and oculomotor capture during goal-directed, unconstrained viewing Journal Article

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74 , pp. 1644–1653, 2012.

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Nicola C Anderson; Walter F Bischof; Kaitlin E W Laidlaw; Evan F Risko; Alan Kingstone

Recurrence quantification analysis of eye movements Journal Article

Behavior Research Methods, 45 , pp. 842–856, 2013.

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Giles M Anderson; Glyn W Humphreys

Top-down expectancy versus bottom-up guidance in search for known color-form conjunctions Journal Article

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77 (8), pp. 2622–2639, 2015.

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Nicola C Anderson; Fraser Anderson; Alan Kingstone; Walter F Bischof

A comparison of scanpath comparison methods Journal Article

Behavior Research Methods, 47 (4), pp. 1377–1392, 2015.

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Nicola C Anderson; Eduard Ort; Wouter Kruijne; Martijn Meeter; Mieke Donk

It depends on when you look at it: Salience influences eye movements in natural scene viewing and search early in time Journal Article

Journal of Vision, 15 (5), pp. 1–22, 2015.

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Nicola C Anderson; Mieke Donk; Martijn Meeter

The influence of a scene preview on eye movement behavior in natural scenes Journal Article

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23 , pp. 1794–1801, 2016.

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Elaine J Anderson; Marc S Tibber; Sam D Schwarzkopf; Sukhwinder S Shergill; Emilio Fernandez-Egea; Geraint Rees; Steven C Dakin

Visual population receptive fields in people with schizophrenia have reduced inhibitory surrounds Journal Article

Journal of Neuroscience, 37 (6), pp. 1546–1556, 2017.

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Nicola C Anderson; Mieke Donk

Salient object changes influence overt attentional prioritization and object-based targeting in natural scenes Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 12 (2), pp. 1–14, 2017.

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Brian A Anderson; Haena Kim

On the representational nature of value-driven spatial attentional biases Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 120 (5), pp. 2654–2658, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Brian A Anderson; Haena Kim

Test–retest reliability of value-driven attentional capture Journal Article

Behavior Research Methods, pp. 1–7, 2018.

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Brian A Anderson; Haena Kim

Mechanisms of value-learning in the guidance of spatial attention Journal Article

Cognition, 178 , pp. 26–36, 2018.

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Ulrich Ansorge; Heinz-Werner Priess; Dirk Kerzel

Effects of relevant and irrelevant color singletons on inhibition of return and attentional capture Journal Article

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75 (8), pp. 1687–1702, 2013.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Katharina Anton-Erxleben; Katrin Herrmann; Marisa Carrasco

Independent Effects of Adaptation and Attention on Perceived Speed Journal Article

Psychological Science, 24 (2), pp. 150–159, 2013.

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Evan G Antzoulatos; Earl K Miller

Synchronous beta rhythms of frontoparietal networks support only behaviorally relevant representations Journal Article

eLife, 5 (NOVEMBER2016), pp. 1–22, 2016.

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Paul L Aparicio; Elias B Issa; James J DiCarlo

Neurophysiological organization of the middle face patch in macaque inferior temporal cortex Journal Article

Journal of Neuroscience, 36 (50), pp. 12729–12745, 2016.

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Jens K Apel; Gavin F Revie; Angelo Cangelosi; Rob Ellis; Jeremy Goslin; Martin H Fischer

Attention deployment during memorizing and executing complex instructions Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 214 (2), pp. 249–259, 2011.

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Keith S Apfelbaum; Bob McMurray

Learning during processing: Word learning doesn't wait for word recognition to finish Journal Article

Cognitive Science, 41 , pp. 706–747, 2017.

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Eduardo A Aponte; Dario Schöbi; Klaas E Stephan; Jakob Heinzle

The stochastic early reaction, inhibition, and late action (SERIA) model for antisaccades Book

2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@book{Aponte2017,
title = {The stochastic early reaction, inhibition, and late action (SERIA) model for antisaccades},
author = {Eduardo A Aponte and Dario Schöbi and Klaas E Stephan and Jakob Heinzle},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005692},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {1--36},
abstract = {The antisaccade task is a classic paradigm used to study the voluntary control of eye movements. It requires participants to suppress a reactive eye movement to a visual target and to concurrently initiate a saccade in the opposite direction. Although several models have been proposed to explain error rates and reaction times in this task, no formal model comparison has yet been performed. Here, we describe a Bayesian modeling approach to the antisaccade task that allows us to formally compare different models on the basis of their evidence. First, we provide a formal likelihood function of actions (pro- and antisaccades) and reaction times based on previously published models. Second, we introduce the Stochastic Early Reaction, Inhibition, and late Action model (SERIA), a novel model postulating two different mechanisms that interact in the antisaccade task: an early GO/NO-GO race decision process and a late GO/GO decision process. Third, we apply these models to a data set from an experiment with three mixed blocks of pro- and antisaccade trials. Bayesian model comparison demonstrates that the SERIA model explains the data better than competing models that do not incorporate a late decision process. Moreover, we show that the early decision process postulated by the SERIA model is, to a large extent, insensitive to the cue presented in a single trial. Finally, we use parameter estimates to demonstrate that changes in reaction time and error rate due to the probability of a trial type (pro- or antisaccade) are best explained by faster or slower inhibition and the probability of generating late voluntary prosaccades.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

Eduardo A Aponte; Dominic G Tschan; Klaas E Stephan; Jakob Heinzle

Inhibition failures and late errors in the antisaccade task: Influence of cue delay Journal Article

Journal of Neurophysiology, 120 (6), pp. 3001–3016, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Ayelet Arazi; Nitzan Censor; Ilan Dinstein

Neural variability quenching predicts individual perceptual abilities Journal Article

Journal of Neuroscience, 37 (1), pp. 97–109, 2017.

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Fabrice Arcizet; Richard J Krauzlis

Covert spatial selection in primate basal ganglia Journal Article

PLoS Biology, 16 (10), pp. 1–28, 2018.

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Scott P Ardoin; Katherine S Binder; Andrea M Zawoyski; Tori E Foster

Examining the maintenance and generalization effects of repeated practice: A comparison of three interventions Journal Article

Journal of School Psychology, 68 , pp. 1–18, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ardoin2018,
title = {Examining the maintenance and generalization effects of repeated practice: A comparison of three interventions},
author = {Scott P Ardoin and Katherine S Binder and Andrea M Zawoyski and Tori E Foster},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsp.2017.12.002},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of School Psychology},
volume = {68},
pages = {1--18},
abstract = {Repeated reading (RR) procedures are consistent with the procedures recommended by Haring and Eaton's (1978) Instructional Hierarchy (IH) for promoting students' fluent responding to newly learned stimuli. It is therefore not surprising that an extensive body of literature exists, which supports RR as an effective practice for promoting students' reading fluency of practiced passages. Less clear, however, is the extent to which RR helps students read the words practiced in an intervention passage when those same words are presented in a new passage. The current study employed randomized control design procedures to examine the maintenance and generalization effects of three interventions that were designed based upon Haring and Eaton's (1978) IH. Across four days, students either practiced reading (a) the same passage seven times (RR+RR), (b) one passage four times and three passages each once (RR+Guided Wide Reading [GWR]), or (c) seven passages each once (GWR+GWR). Students participated in the study across 2 weeks, with intervention being provided on a different passage set each week. All passages practiced within a week, regardless of condition, contained four target low frequency and four high frequency words. Across the 130 students for whom data were analyzed, results indicated that increased opportunities to practice words led to greater maintenance effects when passages were read seven days later but revealed minimal differences across conditions in students' reading of target words presented within a generalization passage.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Joseph Arizpe; Dwight J Kravitz; Galit Yovel; Chris I Baker

Start position strongly influences fixation patterns during face processing: Difficulties with eye movements as a measure of information use Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 7 (2), pp. 1–17, 2012.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Arizpe2012,
title = {Start position strongly influences fixation patterns during face processing: Difficulties with eye movements as a measure of information use},
author = {Joseph Arizpe and Dwight J Kravitz and Galit Yovel and Chris I Baker},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0031106},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {1--17},
abstract = {Fixation patterns are thought to reflect cognitive processing and, thus, index the most informative stimulus features for task performance. During face recognition, initial fixations to the center of the nose have been taken to indicate this location is optimal for information extraction. However, the use of fixations as a marker for information use rests on the assumption that fixation patterns are predominantly determined by stimulus and task, despite the fact that fixations are also influenced by visuo-motor factors. Here, we tested the effect of starting position on fixation patterns during a face recognition task with upright and inverted faces. While we observed differences in fixations between upright and inverted faces, likely reflecting differences in cognitive processing, there was also a strong effect of start position. Over the first five saccades, fixation patterns across start positions were only coarsely similar, with most fixations around the eyes. Importantly, however, the precise fixation pattern was highly dependent on start position with a strong tendency toward facial features furthest from the start position. For example, the often-reported tendency toward the left over right eye was reversed for the left starting position. Further, delayed initial saccades for central versus peripheral start positions suggest greater information processing prior to the initial saccade, highlighting the experimental bias introduced by the commonly used center start position. Finally, the precise effect of face inversion on fixation patterns was also dependent on start position. These results demonstrate the importance of a non-stimulus, non-task factor in determining fixation patterns. The patterns observed likely reflect a complex combination of visuo-motor effects and simple sampling strategies as well as cognitive factors. These different factors are very difficult to tease apart and therefore great caution must be applied when interpreting absolute fixation locations as indicative of information use, particularly at a fine spatial scale.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Fixation patterns are thought to reflect cognitive processing and, thus, index the most informative stimulus features for task performance. During face recognition, initial fixations to the center of the nose have been taken to indicate this location is optimal for information extraction. However, the use of fixations as a marker for information use rests on the assumption that fixation patterns are predominantly determined by stimulus and task, despite the fact that fixations are also influenced by visuo-motor factors. Here, we tested the effect of starting position on fixation patterns during a face recognition task with upright and inverted faces. While we observed differences in fixations between upright and inverted faces, likely reflecting differences in cognitive processing, there was also a strong effect of start position. Over the first five saccades, fixation patterns across start positions were only coarsely similar, with most fixations around the eyes. Importantly, however, the precise fixation pattern was highly dependent on start position with a strong tendency toward facial features furthest from the start position. For example, the often-reported tendency toward the left over right eye was reversed for the left starting position. Further, delayed initial saccades for central versus peripheral start positions suggest greater information processing prior to the initial saccade, highlighting the experimental bias introduced by the commonly used center start position. Finally, the precise effect of face inversion on fixation patterns was also dependent on start position. These results demonstrate the importance of a non-stimulus, non-task factor in determining fixation patterns. The patterns observed likely reflect a complex combination of visuo-motor effects and simple sampling strategies as well as cognitive factors. These different factors are very difficult to tease apart and therefore great caution must be applied when interpreting absolute fixation locations as indicative of information use, particularly at a fine spatial scale.

Joseph M Arizpe; Vincent Walsh; Chris I Baker

Characteristic visuomotor influences on eye-movement patterns to faces and other high level stimuli Journal Article

Frontiers in Psychology, 6 , pp. 1–14, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Arizpe2015,
title = {Characteristic visuomotor influences on eye-movement patterns to faces and other high level stimuli},
author = {Joseph M Arizpe and Vincent Walsh and Chris I Baker},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01027},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {6},
pages = {1--14},
abstract = {Eye-movement patterns are often utilized in studies of visual perception as indices of the specific information extracted to efficiently process a given stimulus during a given task. Our prior work, however, revealed that not only the stimulus and task influence eye-movements, but that visuomotor (start position) factors also robustly and characteristically influence eye-movement patterns to faces (Arizpe et al., 2012). Here we manipulated lateral starting side and distance from the midline of face and line-symmetrical control (butterfly) stimuli in order to further investigate the nature and generality of such visuomotor influences. First we found that increasing starting distance from midline (4°, 8°, 12°, and 16° visual angle) strongly and proportionately increased the distance of the first ordinal fixation from midline. We did not find influences of starting distance on subsequent fixations, however, suggesting that eye-movement plans are not strongly affected by starting distance following an initial orienting fixation. Further, we replicated our prior effect of starting side (left, right) to induce a spatially contralateral tendency of fixations after the first ordinal fixation. However, we also established that these visuomotor influences did not depend upon the predictability of the location of the upcoming stimulus, and were present not only for face stimuli but also for our control stimulus category (butterflies). We found a correspondence in overall left-lateralized fixation tendency between faces and butterflies. Finally, for faces, we found a relationship between left starting side (right sided fixation pattern tendency) and increased recognition performance, which likely reflects a cortical right hemisphere (left visual hemifield) advantage for face perception. These results further indicate the importance of considering and controlling for visuomotor influences in the design, analysis, and interpretation of eye-movement studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Joseph Arizpe; Dwight J Kravitz; Vincent Walsh; Galit Yovel; Chris I Baker

Differences in looking at own-and other-race faces are subtle and analysis-dependent: An account of discrepant reports Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 11 (2), pp. 1–25, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Joseph M Arizpe; Danielle L McKean; Jack W Tsao; Annie W -Y Chan

Where you look matters for body perception: Preferred gaze location contributes to the body inversion effect Journal Article

PLoS ONE, 12 (1), pp. 1–24, 2017.

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Joseph Arizpe; Vincent Walsh; Galit Yovel; Chris I Baker

The categories, frequencies, and stability of idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns to faces Journal Article

Vision Research, 141 , pp. 191–203, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Arizpe2017a,
title = {The categories, frequencies, and stability of idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns to faces},
author = {Joseph Arizpe and Vincent Walsh and Galit Yovel and Chris I Baker},
doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2016.10.013},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Vision Research},
volume = {141},
pages = {191--203},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The spatial pattern of eye-movements to faces considered typical for neurologically healthy individuals is a roughly T-shaped distribution over the internal facial features with peak fixation density tending toward the left eye (observer's perspective). However, recent studies indicate that striking deviations from this classic pattern are common within the population and are highly stable over time. The classic pattern actually reflects the average of these various idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns across individuals. The natural categories and respective frequencies of different types of idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns have not been specifically investigated before, so here we analyzed the spatial patterns of eye-movements for 48 participants to estimate the frequency of different kinds of individual eye-movement patterns to faces in the normal healthy population. Four natural clusters were discovered such that approximately 25% of our participants' fixation density peaks clustered over the left eye region (observer's perspective), 23% over the right eye-region, 31% over the nasion/bridge region of the nose, and 20% over the region spanning the nose, philthrum, and upper lips. We did not find any relationship between particular idiosyncratic eye-movement patterns and recognition performance. Individuals' eye-movement patterns early in a trial were more stereotyped than later ones and idiosyncratic fixation patterns evolved with time into a trial. Finally, while face inversion strongly modulated eye-movement patterns, individual patterns did not become less distinct for inverted compared to upright faces. Group-averaged fixation patterns do not represent individual patterns well, so exploration of such individual patterns is of value for future studies of visual cognition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

I T Armstrong; Douglas P Munoz

Inhibitory control of eye movements during oculomotor countermanding in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Journal Article

Experimental Brain Research, 152 (4), pp. 444–452, 2003.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Armstrong2003a,
title = {Inhibitory control of eye movements during oculomotor countermanding in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder},
author = {I T Armstrong and Douglas P Munoz},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-003-1569-3},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
volume = {152},
number = {4},
pages = {444--452},
abstract = {Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are impulsive, and that impulsiveness can be measured using a countermanding task. Although the overt behaviors of ADHD attenuate with age, it is not clear how well impulsiveness is controlled in adults with ADHD. We tested ADHD adults with an oculomotor countermanding task. The task included two conditions: on 75% of the trials, participants viewed a central fixation marker and then looked to an eccentric target that appeared simultaneous with the disappearance of the fixation marker; on 25% of the trials, a signal was presented at variable delays after target appearance. The signal instructed subjects to stop, or countermand, an eye movement to the target. A correct movement in this case would be to hold gaze at the central fixation location. We expected ADHD participants to be impulsive in their countermanding performance. Additionally, we expected that a visual stop signal at the central fixation location would assist oculomotor countermanding because the signal is presented in the "stop" location, at fixation. To test whether a central stop signal positively biased countermanding, we used a three types of stop signal to instruct the stop: a central visual marker, a peripheral visual signal, and a non-localized sound. All subjects performed best with the central visual stop signal. Subjects with ADHD were less able to countermand eye movements and were influenced more negatively by the non-central signals. Oculomotor countermanding may be useful for quantifying impulsive dysfunction in adults with ADHD especially if a non-central stop signal is applied.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

Nathan Arnett; Matthew Wagers

Subject encodings and retrieval interference Journal Article

Journal of Memory and Language, 93 , pp. 22–54, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Jennifer E Arnold; Shin Yi C Lao

Effects of psychological attention on pronoun comprehension Journal Article

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30 (7), pp. 832–852, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

David M Arnoldussen; Jeroen Goossens; Albert V van Den Berg

Dissociation of retinal and headcentric disparity signals in dorsal human cortex Journal Article

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 9 , pp. 1–18, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Daniel S Asfaw; Pete R Jones; M M Vera; Nicholas D Smith; David P Crabb

Does glaucoma alter eye movements when viewing images of natural scenes ? A between-eye study Journal Article

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59 (8), pp. 3189–3198, 2018.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Asfaw2018a,
title = {Does glaucoma alter eye movements when viewing images of natural scenes ? A between-eye study},
author = {Daniel S Asfaw and Pete R Jones and M M Vera and Nicholas D Smith and David P Crabb},
doi = {10.1167/iovs.18-23779},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
volume = {59},
number = {8},
pages = {3189--3198},
abstract = {PURPOSE. To investigate whether glaucoma produces measurable changes in eye movements. METHODS. Fifteen glaucoma patients with asymmetric vision loss (difference in mean deviation [MD] textgreater 6 dB between eyes) were asked to monocularly view 120 images of natural scenes, presented sequentially on a computer monitor. Each image was viewed twice—once each with the better and worse eye. Patients' eye movements were recorded with an Eyelink 1000 eye-tracker. Eye-movement parameters were computed and compared within participants (better eye versus worse eye). These parameters included a novel measure: saccadic reversal rate (SRR), as well as more traditional metrics such as saccade amplitude, fixation counts, fixation duration, and spread of fixation locations (bivariate contour ellipse area [BCEA]). In addition, the associations of these parameters with clinical measures of vision were investigated. RESULTS. In the worse eye, saccade amplitude (p = 0.012; -13%) and BCEA (p = 0.005; -16 %) were smaller, while SRR was greater (p = 0.018; +16%). There was a significant correlation between the intereye difference in BCEA, and differences in MD values (Spearman's r = 0.65; p = 0.01), while differences in SRR were associated with differences in visual acuity (Spearman's r = 0.64; p = 0.01). Furthermore, between-eye differences in BCEA were a significant predictor of between-eye differences in MD: for every 1-dB difference in MD, BCEA reduced by 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.6%–10.3%). CONCLUSIONS. Eye movements are altered by visual field loss, and these changes are related to changes in clinical measures. Eye movements recorded while passively viewing images could potentially be used as biomarkers for visual field damage.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

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