EyeLink Eye Trackers in fMRI and MEG Research Publications

@article{Pultsina2024,

title = {Atypical pupil-linked arousal induced by low-risk probabilistic choices, and intolerance of uncertainty in adults with ASD},

author = {Kristina I. Pultsina and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Galina L. Kozunova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Aleksandra S. Miasnikova and Anna M. Rytikova and Boris V. Chernyshev},

doi = {10.3758/s13415-024-01227-3},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience},

number = {2023},

pages = {1–19},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stress when operating in a probabilistic environment, even if it is familiar, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Their decision-making may be affected by the uncertainty aversion implicated in ASD and associated with increased autonomic arousal. Previous studies have shown that in neurotypical (NT) people, decisions with predictably better outcomes are less stressful and elicit smaller pupil-linked arousal than those involving exploration. Here, in a sample of 46 high-functioning ASD and NT participants, using mixed-effects model analysis, we explored pupil-linked arousal and behavioral performance in a probabilistic reward learning task with a stable advantage of one choice option over the other. We found that subjects with ASD learned and preferred advantageous probabilistic choices at the same rate and to the same extent as NT participants, both in terms of choice ratio and response time. Although both groups exhibited similar predictive behaviors, learning to favor advantageous choices led to increased pupillary arousal for these choices in the ASD group, while it caused a decrease in pupillary arousal in the NT group. Moreover, greater pupil-linked arousal during decisions with higher expected value correlated with greater degree of self-reported intolerance of uncertainty in everyday life. Our results suggest that in a nonvolatile probabilistic environment, objectively good predictive abilities in people with ASD are coupled with elevated physiological stress and subjective uncertainty regarding the decisions with the best possible but still uncertain outcome that contributes to their intolerance of uncertainty.},

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@article{Seijdel2024,

title = {Attention drives visual processing and audiovisual integration during multimodal communication},

author = {Noor Seijdel and Jan Mathijs Schoffelen and Peter Hagoort and Linda Drijvers},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0870-23.2023},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {44},

number = {10},

pages = {1–11},

abstract = {During communication in real-life settings, our brain often needs to integrate auditory and visual information and at the same time actively focus on the relevant sources of information, while ignoring interference from irrelevant events. The interaction between integration and attention processes remains poorly understood. Here, we use rapid invisible frequency tagging and magnetoencephalography to investigate how attention affects auditory and visual information processing and integration, during multimodal communication. We presented human participants (male and female) with videos of an actress uttering action verbs (auditory; tagged at 58 Hz) accompanied by two movie clips of hand gestures on both sides of fixation (attended stimulus tagged at 65 Hz; unattended stimulus tagged at 63 Hz). Integration difficulty was manipulated by a lower-order auditory factor (clear/degraded speech) and a higher-order visual semantic factor (matching/mismatching gesture). We observed an enhanced neural response to the attended visual information during degraded speech compared to clear speech. For the unattended information, the neural response to mismatching gestures was enhanced compared to matching gestures. Furthermore, signal power at the intermodulation frequencies of the frequency tags, indexing nonlinear signal interactions, was enhanced in the left frontotemporal and frontal regions. Focusing on the left inferior frontal gyrus, this enhancement was specific for the attended information, for those trials that benefitted from integration with a matching gesture. Together, our results suggest that attention modulates audiovisual processing and interaction, depending on the congruence and quality of the sensory input.},

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}

@article{Spaak2024,

title = {Perceptual foundation and extension to phase tagging for rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) Eelke},

author = {Eelke Spaak and Floortje G. Bouwkamp and Floris P. Lang},

doi = {10.1162/imag},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Imaging Neuroscience},

volume = {2},

pages = {1–14},

abstract = {Recent years have seen the emergence of a visual stimulation protocol called Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT) in cognitive neuroscience. In RIFT experiments, visual stimuli are presented at a rapidly and sinusoidally oscillating luminance, using high refresh rate projection equipment. Such stimuli result in strong steady-state responses in visual cortex, measurable extracranially using EEG or MEG. The high signal-to-noise ratio of these neural signals, combined with the alleged invisibility of the manipulation, make RIFT a potentially promising technique to study the neural basis of visual processing. In this study, we set out to resolve two fundamental, yet still outstanding, issues regarding RIFT; as well as to open up a new avenue for taking RIFT beyond frequency tagging per se. First, we provide robust evidence that RIFT is indeed subjectively undetectable, going beyond previous anecdotal reports. Second, we demonstrate that full-amplitude luminance or contrast manipulation offer the best tagging results. Third and finally, we demonstrate that, in addition to frequency tagging, phase tagging can reliably be used in RIFT studies, opening up new avenues for constructing RIFT experiments. Together, this provides a solid foundation for using RIFT in visual cognitive neuroscience.},

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@article{Toso2024,

title = {40 Hz steady-state response in human auditory cortex is shaped by gabaergic neuronal inhibition},

author = {Alessandro Toso and Annika P. Wermuth and Ayelet Arazi and Anke Braun and Tineke Grent-‘t Jong and Peter J. Uhlhaas and Tobias H. Donner},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2029-23.2024},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {44},

number = {24},

pages = {1–10},

abstract = {The 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR), an oscillatory brain response to periodically modulated auditory stimuli, is a promising, noninvasive physiological biomarker for schizophrenia and related neuropsychiatric disorders. The 40 Hz ASSR might be amplified by synaptic interactions in cortical circuits, which are, in turn, disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we tested whether the 40 Hz ASSR in the human auditory cortex depends on two key synaptic components of neuronal interactions within cortical circuits: excitation via N-methyl-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptors and inhibition via gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptors. We combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings with placebo-controlled, low-dose pharmacological interventions in the same healthy human participants (13 males, 7 females). All participants exhibited a robust 40 Hz ASSR in auditory cortices, especially in the right hemisphere, under a placebo. The GABAA receptor–agonist lorazepam increased the amplitude of the 40 Hz ASSR, while no effect was detectable under the NMDA blocker memantine. Our findings indicate that the 40 Hz ASSR in the auditory cortex involves synaptic (and likely intracortical) inhibition via the GABAA receptor, thus highlighting its utility as a mechanistic signature of cortical circuit dysfunctions involving GABAergic inhibition.},

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@article{Zhu2024d,

title = {Temporal attention amplifies stimulus information in fronto-cingulate cortex at an intermediate processing stage},

author = {Jiating Zhu and Karen J. Tian and Marisa Carrasco and Rachel N. Denison},

doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae535},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PNAS Nexus},

volume = {3},

number = {12},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {The human brain faces significant constraints in its ability to process every item in a sequence of stimuli. Voluntary temporal attention can selectively prioritize a task-relevant item over its temporal competitors to alleviate these constraints. However, it remains unclear when and where in the brain selective temporal attention modulates the visual representation of a prioritized item. Here, we manipulated temporal attention to successive stimuli in a two-target temporal cueing task, while controlling for temporal expectation with fully predictable stimulus timing. We used magnetoencephalography and time-resolved decoding to track the spatiotemporal evolution of stimulus representations in human observers. We found that temporal attention enhanced the representation of the first target around 250 ms after target onset, in a contiguous region spanning left frontal cortex and cingulate cortex. The results indicate that voluntary temporal attention recruits cortical regions beyond the ventral stream at an intermediate processing stage to amplify the representation of a target stimulus. This routing of stimulus information to anterior brain regions may provide protection from interference in visual cortex by a subsequent stimulus. Thus, voluntary temporal attention may have distinctive neural mechanisms to support specific demands of the sequential processing of stimuli.},

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@article{Assouline2023,

title = {Weaving a story: Narrative formation over prolonged time scales engages social cognition and frontoparietal networks},

author = {Amir Assouline and Avi Mendelsohn},

doi = {10.1111/ejn.15909},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {57},

number = {5},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {Forming narratives is of key importance to human experience, enabling one to render large amounts of information into relatively compacted stories for future retrieval, giving meaning to otherwise fragmented occurrences. The neural mechanisms that underlie coherent narrative construction of causally connected information over prolonged temporal periods are yet unclear. Participants in this fMRI study observed consecutive scenes from a full-length movie either in their original order, enabling causal inferences over time, or in reverse order, impeding a key component of coherent narratives—causal inference. In between scenes, we presented short periods of blank screens for examining post-encoding processing effects. Using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) followed by seed-base correlation analysis, we hypothesized that net- works involved in online monitoring of incoming information on the one hand, and offline processing of previous occurrences on the other would differ between the groups. We found that despite the exposure to the same scenes, the chronological-order condition exhibited enhanced functional connectivity in frontoparietal regions associated with information integration and working memory. The reverse-order condition yielded offline, post-scene coactivation of neural networks involved in social cognition and particularly theory of mind and action comprehension. These findings shed light on offline processes of narrative construction efforts, highlighting the role of social cognition networks in seeking for narrative coherence.},

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@article{DiNicola2023,

title = {Side-by-side regions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex estimated within the individual respond differentially to domain-specific and domain-flexible processes},

author = {Lauren M. DiNicola and Wendy Sun and Randy L. Buckner},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00277.2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},

volume = {130},

number = {6},

pages = {1602–1615},

abstract = {A recurring debate concerns whether regions of primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) support domain-flexible or domain-specific processes. Here we tested the hypothesis with functional MRI (fMRI) that side-by-side PFC regions, within distinct parallel association networks, differentially support domain-flexible and domain-specialized processing. Individuals (N = 9) were intensively sampled, and all effects were estimated within their own idiosyncratic anatomy. Within each individual, we identified PFC regions linked to distinct networks, including a dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) region coupled to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and an extended region associated with the canonical multiple-demand network. We further identified an inferior PFC region coupled to the language network. Exploration in separate task data, collected within the same individuals, revealed a robust functional triple dissociation. The DLPFC region linked to the MTL was recruited during remembering and imagining the future, distinct from juxtaposed regions that were modulated in a domain-flexible manner during working memory. The inferior PFC region linked to the language network was recruited during sentence processing. Detailed analysis of the trial-level responses further revealed that the DLPFC region linked to the MTL specifically tracked processes associated with scene construction. These results suggest that the DLPFC possesses a domain-specialized region that is small and easily confused with nearby (larger) regions associated with cognitive control. The newly described region is domain specialized for functions traditionally associated with the MTL. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to convergent anatomical analysis in the monkey.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Competing hypotheses link regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) to domain-flexible or domain-specific processes. Here, using a precision neuroimaging approach, we identify a domain-specialized region in dorsolateral PFC, coupled to the medial temporal lobe and recruited for scene construction. This region is juxtaposed to, but distinct from, broader PFC regions recruited flexibly for cognitive control. Region distinctions align with broader network differences, suggesting that PFC regions gain dissociable processing properties via segregated anatomical projections.},

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@article{Ekman2023,

title = {Successor-like representation guides the prediction of future events in human visual cortex and hippocampus},

author = {Matthias Ekman and Sarah Kusch and Floris P. Lange},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.78904},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {12},

pages = {1–19},

abstract = {Human agents build models of their environment, which enable them to anticipate and plan upcoming events. However, little is known about the properties of such predictive models. Recently, it has been proposed that hippocampal representations take the form of a predictive map-like structure, the so-called successor representation (SR). Here, we used human functional magnetic resonance imaging to probe whether activity in the early visual cortex (V1) and hippocampus adhere to the postulated properties of the SR after visual sequence learning. Participants were exposed to an arbitrary spatiotemporal sequence consisting of four items (A-B-C-D). We found that after repeated exposure to the sequence, merely presenting single sequence items (e.g.,-B–) resulted in V1 activation at the successor locations of the full sequence (e.g., C-D), but not at the predecessor locations (e.g., A). This highlights that visual representations are skewed toward future states, in line with the SR. Similar results were also found in the hippocampus. Moreover, the hippocampus developed a coactivation profile that showed sensitivity to the temporal distance in sequence space, with fading representations for sequence events in the more distant past and future. V1, in contrast, showed a coactivation profile that was only sensitive to spatial distance in stimulus space. Taken together, these results provide empirical evidence for the proposition that both visual and hippo-campal cortex represent a predictive map of the visual world akin to the SR.},

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@article{Fafrowicz2023,

title = {Dynamics of working memory process revealed by independent component analysis in an fMRI study},

author = {Magdalena Fafrowicz and Anna Ceglarek and Justyna Olszewska and Anna Sobczak and Bartosz Bohaterewicz and Monika Ostrogorska and Patricia Reuter-Lorenz and Koryna Lewandowska and Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz and Halszka Oginska and Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj and Tadeusz Marek},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-29869-2},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Human memory is prone to errors in many everyday activities but also when cultivating hobbies such as traveling and/or learning a new language. For instance, while visiting foreign countries, people erroneously recall foreign language words that are meaningless to them. Our research simulated such errors in a modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for short-term memory with phonologically related stimuli aimed at uncovering behavioral and neuronal indices of false memory formation with regard to time-of-day, a variable known to influence memory. Fifty-eight participants were tested in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner twice. The results of an Independent Component Analysis revealed encoding-related activity of the medial visual network preceding correct recognition of positive probes and correct rejection of lure probes. The engagement of this network preceding false alarms was not observed. We also explored if diurnal rhythmicity influences working memory processes. Diurnal differences were seen in the default mode network and the medial visual network with lower deactivation in the evening hours. The GLM results showed greater activation of the right lingual gyrus, part of the visual cortex and the left cerebellum in the evening. The study offers new insight into the mechanisms associated with false memories, suggesting that deficient engagement of the medial visual network during the memorization phase of a task results in short-term memory distortions. The results shed new light on the dynamics of working memory processes by taking into account the effect of time-of-day on memory performance.},

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@article{Fasano2023,

title = {The early adolescent brain on music: Analysis of functional dynamics reveals engagement of orbitofrontal cortex reward system},

author = {Maria Celeste Fasano and Joana Cabral and Angus Stevner and Peter Vuust and Pauline Cantou and Elvira Brattico and Morten L. Kringelbach},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.26060},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {429–446},

abstract = {Music listening plays a pivotal role for children and adolescents, yet it remains unclear how music modulates brain activity at the level of functional networks in this young population. Analysing the dynamics of brain networks occurring and dissolving over time in response to music can provide a better understanding of the neural underpinning of music listening. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 17 preadolescents aged 10–11 years while listening to two similar music pieces separated by periods without music. We subsequently tracked the occurrence of functional brain networks over the recording time using a recent method that detects recurrent patterns of phase-locking in the fMRI signals: the leading eigenvector dynamics analysis (LEiDA). The probabilities of occurrence and switching profiles of different functional networks were compared between periods of music and no music. Our results showed significantly increased occurrence of a specific functional network during the two music pieces compared to no music, involving the medial orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices—a brain subsystem associated to reward processing. Moreover, the higher the musical reward sensitivity of the preadolescents, the more this network was preceded by a pattern involving the insula. Our findings highlight the involvement of a brain subsystem associated with hedonic and emotional processing during music listening in the early adolescent brain. These results offer novel insight into the neural underpinnings of musical reward in early adolescence, improving our understanding of the important role and the potential benefits of music at this delicate age.},

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}

@article{FeherdaSilva2023,

title = {Rethinking model-based and model-free influences on mental effort and striatal prediction errors},

author = {Carolina Feher da Silva and Gaia Lombardi and Micah Edelson and Todd A. Hare},

doi = {10.1038/s41562-023-01573-1},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},

volume = {7},

number = {6},

pages = {956–969},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {A standard assumption in neuroscience is that low-effort model-free learning is automatic and continuously used, whereas more complex model-based strategies are only used when the rewards they generate are worth the additional effort. We present evidence refuting this assumption. First, we demonstrate flaws in previous reports of combined model-free and model-based reward prediction errors in the ventral striatum that probably led to spurious results. More appropriate analyses yield no evidence of model-free prediction errors in this region. Second, we find that task instructions generating more correct model-based behaviour reduce rather than increase mental effort. This is inconsistent with cost–benefit arbitration between model-based and model-free strategies. Together, our data indicate that model-free learning may not be automatic. Instead, humans can reduce mental effort by using a model-based strategy alone rather than arbitrating between multiple strategies. Our results call for re-evaluation of the assumptions in influential theories of learning and decision-making.},

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@article{Fogt2023,

title = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging activation for different vergence eye movement subtypes},

author = {Nick Fogt and Andrew J. Toole and Xiangrui Li and Emmanuel Owusu and Steven T. T. Manning and Marjean T. Kulp},

doi = {10.1111/opo.13063},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {93–104},

abstract = {Introduction: Maddox suggested that there were four convergence subtypes, each driven by a different stimulus. The purpose of this study was to assess the neural correlates for accommodative convergence, proximal convergence (convergence stimulus provided), disparity convergence and voluntary convergence (no specific convergence stimulus provided) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Ten subjects (mean age = 24.4 years) with normal binocular vision participated. The blood oxygenation level- dependent (BOLD) signals of the brain from fMRI scans were measured when subjects made vergence eye movements while: (1) alternately viewing letters monocularly where one eye viewed through a −2.00 D lens, (2) alternately viewing Difference of Gaussian targets monocularly at distance and near, (3) viewing random dot stereograms with increasing disparity and (4) voluntarily converging the eyes with binocular viewing. Results: The accommodative convergence paradigm resulted in activation on the right side in the right fusiform cortex and the right middle occipital cortex. The proximal convergence stimulus mainly activated areas in the right occipital lobe. The disparity stimulus activated areas in the left occipital cortex and the left frontal cortex. Finally, the voluntary convergence paradigm resulted in activation primarily in the occipital lobe and mostly bilaterally. Conclusion: The accommodative, proximal, disparity and voluntary convergence paradigms resulted in activation in unique areas in the brain with functional MRI. Activation was found in more areas in the proximal and voluntary conditions compared with the accommodative and disparity conditions.},

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}

@article{Gera2023,

title = {Characterizing habit learning in the human brain at the individual and group levels: A multi-modal MRI study},

author = {Rani Gera and Maya Bar Or and Ido Tavor and Dana Roll and Jeffrey Cockburn and Segev Barak and Elizabeth Tricomi and John P. O'Doherty and Tom Schonberg},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120002},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {272},

pages = {1–23},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The dual-process theory of action control postulates that there are two competitive and complementary mechanisms that control our behavior: a goal-directed system that executes deliberate actions, explicitly aimed toward a particular outcome, and a habitual system that autonomously execute well-learned actions, typically following an encounter with a previously associated cue. In line with dual-process theory, animal studies have provided convincing evidence for dissociable neural mechanisms, mainly manifested in cortico-striatal regions, involved in goal-directed and habitual action control. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing the neural mechanism underlying habit learning in animals, we still lack knowledge on how habits are formed and maintained in the human brain. Thus far only one study, conducted more than a decade ago by Tricomi et al. (2009), has been able to induce habitual behavior in humans via extensive training. This study also implicated the posterior putamen in the process, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, recent attempts to replicate the behavioral results of this study were not successful. This leaves the research of human habits, and particularly the research of their formation through extensive repetition, as well as their neural basis, limited and far behind the animal research in the field. This motivated us to (1) attempt to replicate the behavioral and imaging main findings of Tricomi et al., (2) identify further functional and microstructural neural modifications associated with habit formation and manifestation, and (3) investigate the relationships between functional and structural plasticity and individual differences in habit expression. To this end, in this registered report we used Tricomi et al.'s free-operant task along with multi-modal MRI methods in a well-powered sample (n=123). In this task participants' sensitivity to outcome devaluation (an index of goal-directed/habitual action control) is tested following either short or extensive training. In contrast to our hypothesis, we were not able to demonstrate habit formation as a function of training duration nor were we able to relate any functional or microstructural plasticity in the putamen with individual habit expression. We found that a pattern of increased activations in the left head of caudate that re-occurred across each day's training is associated with goal directed behavior and that increased processing of devalued cues in low-level visual regions was indicative of goal-directed behavior. In a follow-up exploratory analysis comparing habitual and goal-directed subgroups within each experimental group, we found that elevated activations in frontoparietal regions during early stages of training, as well as increased reactivity towards still-valued cues in somatosensory and superior parietal regions were found in individuals that were more inclined to perform goal-directed behavior (compared with more habitual individuals). Taken together, regions commonly implicated in goal-directed behavior were most predictive of individual habit expression. Finally, we also found that differential patterns of training-related microstructural plasticity, as measured with diffusion MRI, in midbrain dopaminergic regions were associated with habit expression. This work provides new insights into the neural dynamics involved in individual habit formation/expression and encourages the development and testing of new, more sensitive, procedures for experimental habit induction in humans.},

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}

@article{He2023a,

title = {Pupillary response is associated with the reset and switching of functional brain networks during salience processing},

author = {Hengda He and Linbi Hong and Paul Sajda},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011081},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},

volume = {19},

number = {5},

pages = {1–29},

abstract = {The interface between processing internal goals and salient events in the environment involves various top-down processes. Previous studies have identified multiple brain areas for salience processing, including the salience network (SN), dorsal attention network, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. However, interactions among these systems in salience processing remain unclear. Here, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry, EEG, and fMRI during an auditory oddball paradigm. The analyses of EEG and fMRI data uncovered spatiotemporally organized target-associated neural correlates. By modeling the target-modulated effective connectivity, we found that the target-evoked pupillary response is associated with the network directional couplings from late to early subsystems in the trial, as well as the network switching initiated by the SN. These findings indicate that the SN might cooperate with the pupil-indexed LC-NE system in the reset and switching of cortical networks, and shed light on their implications in various cognitive processes and neurological diseases.},

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tppubtype = {article}

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@article{Ioannucci2023,

title = {Neural fatigue by passive induction: Repeated stimulus exposure results in cognitive fatigue and altered representations in task-relevant networks},

author = {Stefano Ioannucci and Valentine Chirokoff and Bixente Dilharreguy and Valéry Ozenne and Sandra Chanraud and Alexandre Zénon},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-023-04527-5},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {1–12},

abstract = {Cognitive fatigue is defined by a reduced capacity to perform mental tasks. Despite its pervasiveness, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Specifically, it is unclear whether prolonged effort affects performance through alterations in over-worked task-relevant neuronal assemblies. Our paradigm based on repeated passive visual stimulation discerns fatigue effects from the influence of motivation, skill and boredom. We induced performance loss and observed parallel alterations in the neural blueprint of the task, by mirroring behavioral performance with multivariate neuroimaging techniques (MVPA) that afford a subject-specific approach. Crucially, functional areas that responded the most to repeated stimulation were also the most affected. Finally, univariate analysis revealed clusters displaying significant disruption within the extrastriate visual cortex. In sum, here we show that repeated stimulation impacts the implicated brain areas' activity and causes tangible behavioral repercussions, providing evidence that cognitive fatigue can result from local, functional, disruptions in the neural signal induced by protracted recruitment.},

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tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jain2023,

title = {Selectivity for food in human ventral visual cortex},

author = {Nidhi Jain and Aria Wang and Margaret M. Henderson and Ruogu Lin and Jacob S. Prince and Michael J. Tarr and Leila Wehbe},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-023-04546-2},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {1–14},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Visual cortex contains regions of selectivity for domains of ecological importance. Food is an evolutionarily critical category whose visual heterogeneity may make the identification of selectivity more challenging. We investigate neural responsiveness to food using natural images combined with large-scale human fMRI. Leveraging the improved sensitivity of modern designs and statistical analyses, we identify two food-selective regions in the ventral visual cortex. Our results are robust across 8 subjects from the Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD), multiple independent image sets and multiple analysis methods. We then test our findings of food selectivity in an fMRI “localizer” using grayscale food images. These independent results confirm the existence of food selectivity in ventral visual cortex and help illuminate why earlier studies may have failed to do so. Our identification of food-selective regions stands alongside prior findings of functional selectivity and adds to our understanding of the organization of knowledge within the human visual system.},

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tppubtype = {article}

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@article{Kardan2023,

title = {Improvements in task performance after practice are associated with scale-free dynamics of brain activity},

author = {Omid Kardan and Andrew J. Stier and Elliot A. Layden and Kyoung Whan Choe and Muxuan Lyu and Xihan Zhang and Sian L. Beilock and Monica D. Rosenberg and Marc G. Berman},

doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00319},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Network Neuroscience},

volume = {7},

number = {3},

pages = {1129–1152},

abstract = {Although practicing a task generally benefits later performance on that same task, there are individual differences in practice effects. One avenue to model such differences comes from research showing that brain networks extract functional advantages from operating in the vicinity of criticality, a state in which brain network activity is more scale-free. We hypothesized that higher scale-free signal from fMRI data, measured with the Hurst exponent (H), indicates closer proximity to critical states. We tested whether individuals with higher H during repeated task performance would show greater practice effects. In Study 1, participants performed a dual-n-back task (DNB) twice during MRI (n = 56). In Study 2, we used two runs of n-back task (NBK) data from the Human Connectome Project sample (n = 599). In Study 3, participants performed a word completion task (CAST) across six runs (n = 44). In all three studies, multivariate analysis was used to test whether higher H was related to greater practicerelated performance improvement. Supporting our hypothesis, we found patterns of higher H that reliably correlated with greater performance improvement across participants in all three studies. However, the predictive brain regions were distinct, suggesting that the specific spatial H↑ patterns are not task-general.},

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tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Katabi2023,

title = {Deeper than you think: Partisanship-dependent brain responses in early sensory and motor brain regions},

author = {Noa Katabi and Hadas Simon and Sharon Yakim and Inbal Ravreby and Tal Ohad and Yaara Yeshurun},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0895-22.2022},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {6},

pages = {1027–1037},

abstract = {Recent political polarization has illustrated how individuals with opposing political views often experience ongoing events in markedly different ways. In this study, we explored the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. We conducted fMRI scanning of 34 right- and left-wing participants (45% females) watching political videos (e.g., campaign ads and political speeches) just before the elections in Israel. As expected, we observed significant differences between left- and right-wing participants in their interpretation of the videos' content. Furthermore, neuroimaging results revealed partisanship-dependent differences in activation and synchronization in higher-order regions. Surprisingly, such differences were also revealed in early sensory, motor, and somatosensory regions. We found that the political content synchronized the responses of primary visual and auditory cortices in a partisanship-dependent manner. Moreover, right-wing (and not left-wing) individuals' sensorimotor cortex was involved in processing right-wing (and not left-wing) political content. These differences were pronounced to the extent that we could predict political orientation from the early brain-response alone. Importantly, no such differences were found with respect to neutral content. Therefore, these results uncover more fundamental neural mechanisms underlying processes of political polarization.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kim2023a,

title = {Acute nicotine abstinence amplifies subjective withdrawal symptoms and threat-evoked fear and anxiety, but not extended amygdala reactivity},

author = {Hyung Cho Kim and Claire M. Kaplan and Samiha Islam and Allegra S. Anderson and Megan E. Piper and Daniel E. Bradford and John J. Curtin and Kathryn A. DeYoung and Jason F. Smith and Andrew S. Fox and Alexander J. Shackman},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0288544},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {18},

pages = {1–31},

abstract = {Tobacco smoking imposes a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the urgency of developing a deeper understanding of the processes that maintain addiction. Clinical and experience-sampling data highlight the importance of anxious withdrawal symptoms, but the underlying neurobiology has remained elusive. Mechanistic work in animals implicates the central extended amygdala (EAc)—including the central nucleus of the amygdala and the neighboring bed nucleus of the stria terminalis—but the translational relevance of these discoveries remains unexplored. Here we leveraged a randomized trial design, well-established threat-anticipation paradigm, and multidimensional battery of assessments to understand the consequences of 24-hour nicotine abstinence. The threat-anticipation paradigm had the expected consequences, amplifying subjective distress and arousal, and recruiting the canonical threat-anticipation network. Abstinence increased smoking urges and withdrawal symptoms, and potentiated threat-evoked distress, but had negligible consequences for EAc threat reactivity, raising questions about the translational relevance of prominent animal and human models of addiction. These observations provide a framework for conceptualizing nicotine abstinence and withdrawal, with implications for basic, translational, and clinical science.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Klautke2023,

title = {Dynamic spatial coding in parietal cortex mediates tactile-motor transformation},

author = {Janina Klautke and Celia Foster and W. Pieter Medendorp and Tobias Heed},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-39959-4},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Movements towards touch on the body require integrating tactile location and body posture information. Tactile processing and movement planning both rely on posterior parietal cortex (PPC) but their interplay is not understood. Here, human participants received tactile stimuli on their crossed and uncrossed feet, dissociating stimulus location relative to anatomy versus external space. Participants pointed to the touch or the equivalent location on the other foot, which dissociates sensory and motor locations. Multi-voxel pattern analysis of concurrently recorded fMRI signals revealed that tactile location was coded anatomically in anterior PPC but spatially in posterior PPC during sensory processing. After movement instructions were specified, PPC exclusively represented the movement goal in space, in regions associated with visuo-motor planning and with regional overlap for sensory, rule-related, and movement coding. Thus, PPC flexibly updates its spatial codes to accommodate rule-based transformation of sensory input to generate movement to environment and own body alike.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Klimova2023,

title = {Attention preserves the selectivity of feature-tuned normalization},

author = {Michaela Klímová and Ilona M. Bloem and Sam Ling},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00194.2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},

volume = {130},

number = {4},

pages = {990–998},

abstract = {Attention and divisive normalization both contribute to making visual processing more efficient. Attention selectively increases the neural gain of relevant information in the early visual cortex, resulting in stronger perceived salience for attended regions or features. Divisive normalization improves processing efficiency by suppressing responses to homogeneous inputs and highlighting salient boundaries, facilitating sparse coding of inputs. Theoretical and empirical research suggest a tight link between attention and normalization, wherein attending to a stimulus results in a release from normalization, thereby allowing for an increase in neural response gain. In the present study, we address whether attention alters the qualitative properties of normalization. Specifically, we examine how attention influences the feature-tuned nature of normalization, whereby suppression is stronger between visual stimuli whose orientation contents are similar, and weaker when the orientations are different. Ten human observers viewed stimuli that varied in orientation content while we acquired fMRI BOLD responses under two attentional states: attending toward or attending away from the stimulus. Our results indicate that attention does not alter the specificity of feature-tuned normalization. Instead, attention seems to enhance visuocortical responses evenly, regardless of the degree of orientation similarity within the stimulus. Since visuocortical responses exhibit adaptation to statistical regularities in natural scenes, we conclude that while attention can selectively increase the gain of responses to attended items, it does not appear to alter the ecologically relevant correspondence between orientation differences and strength of tuned normalization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The magnitude of visuocortical BOLD responses scales with orientation differences in visual stimuli, with the strongest response suppression for collinear stimuli and least suppression for orthogonal, in a way that appears to match natural scene statistics. We examined the effects of attention on this feature-tuned property of suppression and found that while attending to a stimulus increases the overall gain of visuocortical responses, the qualitative properties of feature-tuning remain unchanged, suggesting attention preserves tuned normalization properties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lesourd2023,

title = {Action observation network activity related to object-directed and socially-directed actions in adolescents},

author = {Mathieu Lesourd and Alia Afyouni and Franziska Geringswald and Fabien Cignetti and Lisa Raoul and Julien Sein and Bruno Nazarian and Jean-Luc Anton and Marie-Hélène Grosbras},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {125–141},

abstract = {The human action observation network (AON) encompasses brain areas consistently engaged when we observe other's actions. Although the core nodes of the AON are present from childhood, it is not known to what extent they are sensitive to different action features during development. Because social cognitive abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the AON response to socially-oriented actions, but not to object-related actions, may differ in adolescents and adults. To test this hypothesis, we scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) male and female typically-developing teenagers (n = 28; 13 females) and adults (n = 25; 14 females) while they passively watched videos of manual actions varying along two dimensions: sociality (i.e., directed toward another person or not) and transitivity (i.e., involving an object or not). We found that action observation recruited the same fronto-parietal and occipito-temporal regions in adults and adolescents. The modulation of voxel-wise activity according to the social or transitive nature of the action was similar in both groups of participants. Multivariate pattern analysis, however, revealed that decoding accuracies in intraparietal sulcus (IPS)/superior parietal lobe (SPL) for both sociality and transitivity were lower for adolescents compared with adults. In addition, in the lateral occipital temporal cortex (LOTC), generalization of decoding across the orthogonal dimension was lower for sociality only in adolescents. These findings indicate that the representation of the content of others' actions, and in particular their social dimension, in the adolescent AON is still not as robust as in adults.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Li2023d,

title = {Neural population dynamics of human working memory},

author = {Hsin-Hung Li and Clayton E. Curtis},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.067},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {33},

number = {17},

pages = {3775–3784},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The activity of neurons in macaque prefrontal cortex (PFC) persists during working memory (WM) delays, providing a mechanism for memory.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 Although theory,11,12 including formal network models,13,14 assumes that WM codes are stable over time, PFC neurons exhibit dynamics inconsistent with these assumptions.15,16,17,18,19 Recently, multivariate reanalyses revealed the coexistence of both stable and dynamic WM codes in macaque PFC.20,21,22,23 Human EEG studies also suggest that WM might contain dynamics.24,25 Nonetheless, how WM dynamics vary across the cortical hierarchy and which factors drive dynamics remain unknown. To elucidate WM dynamics in humans, we decoded WM content from fMRI responses across multiple cortical visual field maps.26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48 We found coexisting stable and dynamic neural representations of WM during a memory-guided saccade task. Geometric analyses of neural subspaces revealed that early visual cortex exhibited stronger dynamics than high-level visual and frontoparietal cortex. Leveraging models of population receptive fields, we visualized and made the neural dynamics interpretable. We found that during WM delays, V1 population initially encoded a narrowly tuned bump of activation centered on the peripheral memory target. Remarkably, this bump then spread inward toward foveal locations, forming a vector along the trajectory of the forthcoming memory-guided saccade. In other words, the neural code transformed into an abstraction of the stimulus more proximal to memory-guided behavior. Therefore, theories of WM must consider both sensory features and their task-relevant abstractions because changes in the format of memoranda naturally drive neural dynamics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liao2023,

title = {Neural correlates of value-driven spatial orienting},

author = {Ming-Ray Liao and Andy J. Kim and Brian A. Anderson},

doi = {10.1111/psyp.14321},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Psychophysiology},

volume = {60},

number = {9},

pages = {1–13},

abstract = {Reward learning has been shown to habitually guide overt spatial attention to specific regions of a scene. However, the neural mechanisms that support this bias are unknown. In the present study, participants learned to orient themselves to a particular quadrant of a scene (a high-value quadrant) to maximize monetary gains. This learning was scene-specific, with the high-value quadrant varying across different scenes. During a subsequent test phase, participants were faster at identifying a target if it appeared in the high-value quadrant (valid), and initial saccades were more likely to be made to the high-value quadrant. fMRI analyses during the test phase revealed learning-dependent priority signals in the caudate tail, superior colliculus, frontal eye field, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula, paralleling findings concerning feature-based, value-driven attention. In addition, ventral regions typically associated with scene selection and spatial information processing, including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporo-occipital cortex, were also implicated. Taken together, our findings offer new insights into the neural architecture subserving value-driven attention, both extending our understanding of nodes in the attention network previously implicated in feature-based, value-driven attention and identifying a ventral network of brain regions implicated in reward's influence on scene-dependent spatial orienting.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2023d,

title = {Real-time classification of motor imagery using Dynamic Window-Level Granger Causality analysis of fMRI data},

author = {Tianyuan Liu and Bao Li and Chi Zhang and Panpan Chen and Weichen Zhao and Bin Yan},

doi = {10.3390/brainsci13101406},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Brain Sciences},

volume = {13},

number = {10},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {This article presents a method for extracting neural signal features to identify the imagination of left- and right-hand grasping movements. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment is employed to identify four brain regions with significant activations during motor imagery (MI) and the effective connections between these regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated using Dynamic Window-level Granger Causality (DWGC). Then, a real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) classification system for left- and right-hand MI is developed using the Open-NFT platform. We conducted data acquisition and processing on three subjects, and all of whom were recruited from a local college. As a result, the maximum accuracy of using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier on real-time three-class classification (rest, left hand, and right hand) with effective connections is 69.3%. And it is 3% higher than that of traditional multivoxel pattern classification analysis on average. Moreover, it significantly improves classification accuracy during the initial stage of MI tasks while reducing the latency effects in real-time decoding. The study suggests that the effective connections obtained through the DWGC method serve as valuable features for real-time decoding of MI using fMRI. Moreover, they exhibit higher sensitivity to changes in brain states. This research offers theoretical support and technical guidance for extracting neural signal features in the context of fMRI-based studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mak2023,

title = {Different kinds of simulation during literary reading: Insights from a combined fMRI and eye-tracking study},

author = {Marloes Mak and Myrthe Faber and Roel M. Willems},

doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2023.01.014},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cortex},

volume = {162},

pages = {115–135},

publisher = {The Author(s)},

abstract = {Mental simulation is an important aspect of narrative reading. In a previous study, we found that gaze durations are differentially impacted by different kinds of mental simulation. Motor simulation, perceptual simulation, and mentalizing as elicited by literary short stories influenced eye movements in distinguishable ways (Mak & Willems, 2019). In the current study, we investigated the existence of a common neural locus for these different kinds of simulation. We additionally investigated whether individual differences during reading, as indexed by the eye movements, are reflected in domain-specific activations in the brain. We found a variety of brain areas activated by simulation-eliciting content, both modality-specific brain areas and a general simulation area. Individual variation in percent signal change in activated areas was related to measures of story appreciation as well as personal characteristics (i.e., transportability, perspective taking). Taken together, these findings suggest that mental simulation is supported by both domain-specific processes grounded in previous experiences, and by the neural mechanisms that underlie higher-order language processing (e.g., situation model building, event indexing, integration).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mazancieux2023,

title = {Brainstem fMRI signaling of surprise across different types of deviant stimuli},

author = {Audrey Mazancieux and Franck Mauconduit and Alexis Amadon and Jan Willem de Gee and Tobias H. Donner and Florent Meyniel},

doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113405},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cell Reports},

volume = {42},

number = {11},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {The Author(s)},

abstract = {Detection of deviant stimuli is crucial to orient and adapt our behavior. Previous work shows that deviant stimuli elicit phasic activation of the locus coeruleus (LC), which releases noradrenaline and controls central arousal. However, it is unclear whether the detection of behaviorally relevant deviant stimuli selectively triggers LC responses or other neuromodulatory systems (dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine). We combine human functional MRI (fMRI) recordings optimized for brainstem imaging with pupillometry to perform a mapping of deviant-related responses in subcortical structures. Participants have to detect deviant items in a “local-global” paradigm that distinguishes between deviance based on the stimulus probability and the sequence structure. fMRI responses to deviant stimuli are distributed in many cortical areas. Both types of deviance elicit responses in the pupil, LC, and other neuromodulatory systems. Our results reveal that the detection of task-relevant deviant items recruits the same multiple subcortical systems across computationally different types of deviance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Melloni2023,

title = {An adversarial collaboration protocol for testing contrasting predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theory},

author = {Lucia Melloni and Liad Mudrik and Michael Pitts and Katarina Bendtz and Oscar Ferrante and Urszula Gorska and Rony Hirschhorn and Aya Khalaf and Csaba Kozma and Alex Lepauvre and Ling Liu and David Mazumder and David Richter and Hao Zhou and Hal Blumenfeld and Melanie Boly and David J. Chalmers and Sasha Devore and Francis Fallon and Floris P. Lange and Ole Jensen and Gabriel Kreiman and Huan Luo and Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos and Stanislas Dehaene and Christof Koch and Giulio Tononi},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0268577},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {18},

pages = {1–28},

abstract = {The relationship between conscious experience and brain activity has intrigued scientists and philosophers for centuries. In the last decades, several theories have suggested different accounts for these relationships. These theories have developed in parallel, with little to no cross-talk among them. To advance research on consciousness, we established an adversarial collaboration between proponents of two of the major theories in the field, Global Neuronal Workspace and Integrated Information Theory. Together, we devised and preregistered two experiments that test contrasting predictions of these theories concerning the location and timing of correlates of visual consciousness, which have been endorsed by the theories' proponents. Predicted outcomes should either support, refute, or challenge these theories. Six theory-impartial laboratories will follow the study protocol specified here, using three complementary methods: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magneto-Electroencephalography (M-EEG), and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). The study protocol will include built-in replications, both between labs and within datasets. Through this ambitious undertaking, we hope to provide decisive evidence in favor or against the two theories and clarify the footprints of conscious visual perception in the human brain, while also providing an innovative model of large-scale, collaborative, and open science practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Meyyappan2023,

title = {Top-down control of the left visual field bias in cued visual spatial attention},

author = {Sreenivasan Meyyappan and Abhijit Rajan and George R. Mangun and Mingzhou Ding},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac402},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {33},

number = {9},

pages = {5097–5107},

abstract = {A left visual field (LVF) bias in perceptual judgments, response speed, and discrimination accuracy has been reported in humans. Cognitive factors, such as visual spatial attention, are known to modulate or even eliminate this bias. We investigated this problem by recording pupillometry together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a cued visual spatial attention task. We observed that (i) the pupil was significantly more dilated following attend-right than attend-left cues, (ii) the task performance (e.g. reaction time [RT]) did not differ between attend-left and attend-right trials, and (iii) the difference in cue-related pupil dilation between attend-left and attend-right trials was inversely related to the corresponding difference in RT. Neuroscientically, correlating the difference in cue-related pupil dilation with the corresponding cue-related fMRI difference yielded activations primarily in the right hemisphere, including the right intraparietal sulcus and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that (i) there is an asymmetry in visual spatial attention control, with the rightward attention control being more effortful than the leftward attention control, (ii) this asymmetry underlies the reduction or the elimination of the LVF bias, and (iii) the components of the attentional control networks in the right hemisphere are likely part of the neural substrate of the observed asymmetry in attentional control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mocz2023,

title = {Multiple visual objects are represented differently in the human brain and convolutional neural networks},

author = {Viola Mocz and Su Keun Jeong and Marvin Chun and Yaoda Xu},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-36029-z},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Objects in the real world usually appear with other objects. To form object representations independent of whether or not other objects are encoded concurrently, in the primate brain, responses to an object pair are well approximated by the average responses to each constituent object shown alone. This is found at the single unit level in the slope of response amplitudes of macaque IT neurons to paired and single objects, and at the population level in fMRI voxel response patterns in human ventral object processing regions (e.g., LO). Here, we compare how the human brain and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) represent paired objects. In human LO, we show that averaging exists in both single fMRI voxels and voxel population responses. However, in the higher layers of five CNNs pretrained for object classification varying in architecture, depth and recurrent processing, slope distribution across units and, consequently, averaging at the population level both deviated significantly from the brain data. Object representations thus interact with each other in CNNs when objects are shown together and differ from when objects are shown individually. Such distortions could significantly limit CNNs' ability to generalize object representations formed in different contexts.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nostadt2023,

title = {Dopaminergic D2-like receptor stimulation affects attention on contextual information and modulates BOLD activation of extinction-related brain areas},

author = {Alina Nostadt and Michael A. Nitsche and Martin Tegenthoff and Silke Lissek},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-47704-6},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Contextual information is essential for learning and memory processes and plays a crucial role during the recall of extinction memory, and in the renewal effect, which is the context-dependent recovery of an extinguished response. The dopaminergic system is known to be involved in regulating attentional processes by shifting attention to novel and salient contextual cues. Higher dopamine levels are associated with a better recall of previously learned stimulus-outcome associations and enhanced encoding, as well as retrieval of contextual information which promotes renewal. In this fMRI study, we aimed to investigate the impact of processing contextual information and the influence of dopaminergic D2-like receptor activation on attention to contextual information during a predictive learning task as well as upon extinction learning, memory performance, and activity of extinction-related brain areas. A single oral dose of 1.25 mg bromocriptine or an identical-looking placebo was administered to the participants. We modified a predictive learning task that in previous studies reliably evoked a renewal effect, by increasing the complexity of contextual information. We analysed fixations and dwell on contextual cues by use of eye-tracking and correlated these with behavioural performance and BOLD activation of extinction-related brain areas. Our results indicate that the group with dopaminergic D2-like receptor stimulation had higher attention to task-relevant contextual information and greater/lower BOLD activation of brain regions associated with cognitive control during extinction learning and recall. Moreover, renewal responses were almost completely absent. Since this behavioural effect was observed for both treatment groups, we assume that this was due to the complexity of the altered task design.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Paparella2023,

title = {Light modulates task-dependent thalamo-cortical connectivity during an auditory attentional task},

author = {Ilenia Paparella and Islay Campbell and Roya Sharifpour and Elise Beckers and Alexandre Berger and Jose Fermin Balda Aizpurua and Ekaterina Koshmanova and Nasrin Mortazavi and Puneet Talwar and Christian Degueldre and Laurent Lamalle and Siya Sherif and Christophe Phillips and Pierre Maquet and Gilles Vandewalle},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-023-05337-5},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {1–10},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Exposure to blue wavelength light stimulates alertness and performance by modulating a widespread set of task-dependent cortical and subcortical areas. How light affects the crosstalk between brain areas to trigger this stimulating effect is not established. Here we record the brain activity of 19 healthy young participants (24.05±2.63; 12 women) while they complete an auditory attentional task in darkness or under an active (blue-enriched) or a control (orange) light, in an ultra-high-field 7 Tesla MRI scanner. We test if light modulates the effective connectivity between an area of the posterior associative thalamus, encompassing the pulvinar, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), key areas in the regulation of attention. We find that only the blue-enriched light strengthens the connection from the posterior thalamus to the IPS. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the first empirical data supporting that blue wavelength light affects ongoing non-visual cognitive activity by modulating task-dependent information flow from subcortical to cortical areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pool2023,

title = {Neural substrates of parallel devaluation-sensitive and devaluation-insensitive Pavlovian learning in humans},

author = {Eva R. Pool and Wolfgang M. Pauli and Logan Cross and John P. O'Doherty},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-43747-5},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {We aim to differentiate the brain regions involved in the learning and encoding of Pavlovian associations sensitive to changes in outcome value from those that are not sensitive to such changes by combining a learning task with outcome devaluation, eye-tracking, and functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans. Contrary to theoretical expectation, voxels correlating with reward prediction errors in the ventral striatum and subgenual cingulate appear to be sensitive to devaluation. Moreover, regions encoding state prediction errors appear to be devaluation insensitive. We can also distinguish regions encoding predictions about outcome taste identity from predictions about expected spatial location. Regions encoding predictions about taste identity seem devaluation sensitive while those encoding predictions about an outcome's spatial location seem devaluation insensitive. These findings suggest the existence of multiple and distinct associative mechanisms in the brain and help identify putative neural correlates for the parallel expression of both devaluation sensitive and insensitive conditioned behaviors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Press2023,

title = {Increased insula and amygdala activity during selective attention for negatively valenced body parts in binge eating disorder},

author = {Sophia Antonia Press and Stefanie C. Biehl and Gregor Domes and Jennifer Svaldi and Sophia Antonia Press and Stefanie C. Biehl and Gregor Domes and Jennifer Svaldi and Sophia Antonia Press},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science},

volume = {132},

number = {1},

pages = {63–77},

abstract = {Previous studies indicate that participants with eating disorders show an attentional bias for the negatively valenced body parts of their own body. However, the neural basis underlying these processes has not been investigated. We conducted a preregistered combined functional MRI (fMRI)/eye tracking study and presented 35 women with binge eating disorder (BED) and 24 weight-matched control subjects (CG) with body part images of their own body and a weight-matched unknown body. After the fMRI examination, participants rated the attractiveness of the presented body parts. As expected, women with BED responded with significantly higher insula and amygdala activity when viewing the negatively valenced body parts of their own body (compared to all other combinations). However, individuals with BED did not deviate from the CG in the processing of these stimuli in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the extrastriate body area or the fusiform body area. Our results indicate that the negative valued body parts carry a particularly strong emotional valence in individuals with BED. These results further emphasize the relevance of processing bias for negatively valenced body parts in the pathology of BED.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rahmati2023,

title = {Mnemonic representations in human lateral geniculate nucleus},

author = {Masih Rahmati and Clayton E. Curtis and Kartik K. Sreenivasan},

doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1094226},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},

volume = {17},

pages = {1–11},

abstract = {There is a growing appreciation for the role of the thalamus in high-level cognition. Motivated by findings that internal cognitive state drives activity in feedback layers of primary visual cortex (V1) that target the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), we investigated the role of LGN in working memory (WM). Specifically, we leveraged model-based neuroimaging approaches to test the hypothesis that human LGN encodes information about spatial locations temporarily encoded in WM. First, we localized and derived a detailed topographic organization in LGN that accords well with previous findings in humans and non-human primates. Next, we used models constructed on the spatial preferences of LGN populations in order to reconstruct spatial locations stored in WM as subjects performed modified memory-guided saccade tasks. We found that population LGN activity faithfully encoded the spatial locations held in memory in all subjects. Importantly, our tasks and models allowed us to dissociate the locations of retinal stimulation and the motor metrics of memory-guided saccades from the maintained spatial locations, thus confirming that human LGN represents true WM information. These findings add LGN to the growing list of subcortical regions involved in WM, and suggest a key pathway by which memories may influence incoming processing at the earliest levels of the visual hierarchy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schallmo2023,

title = {The psychosis human connectome project: Design and rationale for studies of visual neurophysiology},

author = {Michael Paul Schallmo and Kimberly B. Weldon and Rohit S. Kamath and Hannah R. Moser and Samantha A. Montoya and Kyle W. Killebrew and Caroline Demro and Andrea N. Grant and Małgorzata Marjańska and Scott R. Sponheim and Cheryl A. Olman},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120060},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {272},

pages = {1–20},

abstract = {Visual perception is abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In addition to hallucinations, laboratory tests show differences in fundamental visual processes including contrast sensitivity, center-surround interactions, and perceptual organization. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain visual dysfunction in psychotic disorders, including an imbalance between excitation and inhibition. However, the precise neural basis of abnormal visual perception in people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP) remains unknown. Here, we describe the behavioral and 7 tesla MRI methods we used to interrogate visual neurophysiology in PwPP as part of the Psychosis Human Connectome Project (HCP). In addition to PwPP (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 43), we also recruited first-degree biological relatives (n = 44) in order to examine the role of genetic liability for psychosis in visual perception. Our visual tasks were designed to assess fundamental visual processes in PwPP, whereas MR spectroscopy enabled us to examine neurochemistry, including excitatory and inhibitory markers. We show that it is feasible to collect high-quality data across multiple psychophysical, functional MRI, and MR spectroscopy experiments with a sizable number of participants at a single research site. These data, in addition to those from our previously described 3 tesla experiments, will be made publicly available in order to facilitate further investigations by other research groups. By combining visual neuroscience techniques and HCP brain imaging methods, our experiments offer new opportunities to investigate the neural basis of abnormal visual perception in PwPP.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schroeder2023a,

title = {Neural mechanisms of background and velocity effects in smooth pursuit eye movements},

author = {Rebekka Schröder and Kristof Keidel and Peter Trautner and Alexander Radbruch and Ulrich Ettinger},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.26127},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {44},

number = {3},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are essential to guide behaviour in complex visual environments. SPEM accuracy is known to be degraded by the presence of a structured visual background and at higher target velocities. The aim of this preregistered study was to investigate the neural mechanisms of these robust behavioural effects. N = 33 participants performed a SPEM task with two background conditions (present and absent) at two target velocities (0.4 and 0.6 Hz). Eye movement and BOLD data were collected simultaneously. Both the presence of a structured background and faster target velocity decreased pursuit gain and increased catch-up saccade rate. Faster targets additionally increased position error. Higher BOLD response with background was found in extensive clusters in visual, parietal, and frontal areas (including the medial frontal eye fields; FEF) partially overlapping with the known SPEM network. Faster targets were associated with higher BOLD response in visual cortex and left lateral FEF. Task-based functional connectivity analyses (psychophysiological interactions; PPI) largely replicated previous results in the basic SPEM network but did not yield additional information regarding the neural underpinnings of the background and velocity effects. The results show that the presentation of visual background stimuli during SPEM induces activity in a widespread visuo-parieto-frontal network including areas contributing to cognitive aspects of oculomotor control such as medial FEF, whereas the response to higher target velocity involves visual and motor areas such as lateral FEF. Therefore, we were able to propose for the first time different functions of the medial and lateral FEF during SPEM.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Singer2023,

title = {The spatiotemporal neural dynamics of object recognition for natural images and line drawings},

author = {Johannes J. D. Singer and Radoslaw M. Cichy and Martin N. Hebart},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {3},

pages = {484–500},

abstract = {Drawings offer a simple and efficient way to communicate meaning. While line drawings capture only coarsely how objects look in reality, we still perceive them as resembling real-world objects. Previous work has shown that this perceived similarity is mirrored by shared neural representations for drawings and natural images, which suggests that similar mechanisms underlie the recognition of both. However, other work has proposed that representations of drawings and natural images become similar only after substantial processing has taken place, suggesting distinct mechanisms. To arbitrate between those alternatives, we measured brain responses resolved in space and time using fMRI and MEG, respectively, while human participants (female and male) viewed images of objects depicted as photographs, line drawings, or sketch-like drawings. Using multivariate decoding, we demonstrate that object category information emerged similarly fast and across overlapping regions in occipital, ventral-temporal, and posterior parietal cortex for all types of depiction, yet with smaller effects at higher levels of visual abstraction. In addition, cross-decoding between depiction types revealed strong generalization of object category information from early processing stages on. Finally, by combining fMRI and MEG data using representational similarity analysis, we found that visual information traversed similar processing stages for all types of depiction, yet with an overall stronger representation for photographs. Together, our results demonstrate broad commonalities in the neural dynamics of object recognition across types of depiction, thus providing clear evidence for shared neural mechanisms underlying recognition of natural object images and abstract drawings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Tangtartharakul2023,

title = {Retinotopic connectivity maps of human visual cortex with unconstrained eye movements},

author = {Gene Tangtartharakul and Catherine A. Morgan and Simon K. Rushton and D. Samuel Schwarzkopf},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.26446},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {44},

number = {16},

pages = {5221–5237},

abstract = {Human visual cortex contains topographic visual field maps whose organization can be revealed with retinotopic mapping. Unfortunately, constraints posed by standard mapping hinder its use in patients, atypical subject groups, and individuals at either end of the lifespan. This severely limits the conclusions we can draw about visual processing in such individuals. Here, we present a novel data-driven method to estimate connective fields, resulting in fine-grained maps of the functional connectivity between brain areas. We find that inhibitory connectivity fields accompany, and often surround facilitatory fields. The visual field extent of these inhibitory subfields falls off with cortical magnification. We further show that our method is robust to large eye movements and myopic defocus. Importantly, freed from the controlled stimulus conditions in standard mapping experiments, using entertaining stimuli and unconstrained eye movements our approach can generate retinotopic maps, including the periphery visual field hitherto only possible to map with special stimulus displays. Generally, our results show that the connective field method can gain knowledge about retinotopic architecture of visual cortex in patients and participants where this is at best difficult and confounded, if not impossible, with current methods.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Telesford2023,

title = {An open-access dataset of naturalistic viewing using simultaneous EEG-fMRI},

author = {Qawi K. Telesford and Eduardo Gonzalez-Moreira and Ting Xu and Yiwen Tian and Stanley J. Colcombe and Jessica Cloud and Brian E. Russ and Arnaud Falchier and Maximilian Nentwich and Jens Madsen and Lucas C. Parra and Charles E. Schroeder and Michael P. Milham and Alexandre R. Franco},

doi = {10.1038/s41597-023-02458-8},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {In this work, we present a dataset that combines functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) to use as a resource for understanding human brain function in these two imaging modalities. The dataset can also be used for optimizing preprocessing methods for simultaneously collected imaging data. The dataset includes simultaneously collected recordings from 22 individuals (ages: 23–51) across various visual and naturalistic stimuli. In addition, physiological, eye tracking, electrocardiography, and cognitive and behavioral data were collected along with this neuroimaging data. Visual tasks include a flickering checkerboard collected outside and inside the MRI scanner (EEG-only) and simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings. Simultaneous recordings include rest, the visual paradigm Inscapes, and several short video movies representing naturalistic stimuli. Raw and preprocessed data are openly available to download. We present this dataset as part of an effort to provide open-access data to increase the opportunity for discoveries and understanding of the human brain and evaluate the correlation between electrical brain activity and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brink2023,

title = {Flexible sensory-motor mapping rules manifest in correlated variability of stimulus and action codes across the brain},

author = {Ruud L. Brink and Keno Hagena and Niklas Wilming and Peter R. Murphy and Christian Büchel and Tobias H. Donner},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.009},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Neuron},

volume = {111},

number = {4},

pages = {571–584},

abstract = {Humans and non-human primates can flexibly switch between different arbitrary mappings from sensation to action to solve a cognitive task. It has remained unknown how the brain implements such flexible sensory-motor mapping rules. Here, we uncovered a dynamic reconfiguration of task-specific correlated variability between sensory and motor brain regions. Human participants switched between two rules for reporting visual orientation judgments during fMRI recordings. Rule switches were either signaled explicitly or inferred by the participants from ambiguous cues. We used behavioral modeling to reconstruct the time course of their belief about the active rule. In both contexts, the patterns of correlations between ongoing fluctuations in stimulus- and action-selective activity across visual- and action-related brain regions tracked participants' belief about the active rule. The rule-specific correlation patterns broke down around the time of behavioral errors. We conclude that internal beliefs about task state are instantiated in brain-wide, selective patterns of correlated variability.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wagner2023a,

title = {Entorhinal grid-like codes and time-locked network dynamics track others navigating through space},

author = {Isabella C. Wagner and Luise P. Graichen and Boryana Todorova and Andre Lüttig and David B. Omer and Matthias Stangl and Claus Lamm},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-35819-3},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Navigating through crowded, dynamically changing environments requires the ability to keep track of other individuals. Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are a central component of self-related navigation but whether they also track others' movement is unclear. Here, we propose that entorhinal grid-like codes make an essential contribution to socio-spatial navigation. Sixty human participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while observing and re-tracing different paths of a demonstrator that navigated a virtual reality environment. Results revealed that grid-like codes in the entorhinal cortex tracked the other individual navigating through space. The activity of grid-like codes was time-locked to increases in co-activation and entorhinal-cortical connectivity that included the striatum, the hippocampus, parahippocampal and right posterior parietal cortices. Surprisingly, the grid-related effects during observation were stronger the worse participants performed when subsequently re-tracing the demonstrator's paths. Our findings suggests that network dynamics time-locked to entorhinal grid-cell-related activity might serve to distribute information about the location of others throughout the brain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Watanabe2023,

title = {Multimodal deep neural decoding reveals highly resolved spatiotemporal profile of visual object representation in humans},

author = {Noriya Watanabe and Kosuke Miyoshi and Koji Jimura and Daisuke Shimane and Ruedeerat Keerativittayayut and Kiyoshi Nakahara and Masaki Takeda},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120164},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {275},

pages = {1–19},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Perception and categorization of objects in a visual scene are essential to grasp the surrounding situation. Recently, neural decoding schemes, such as machine learning in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has been employed to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms. However, it remains unclear as to how spatially distributed brain regions temporally represent visual object categories and sub-categories. One promising strategy to address this issue is neural decoding with concurrently obtained neural response data of high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal organization of visual object representations using concurrent fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG), combined with neural decoding using deep neural networks (DNNs). We hypothesized that neural decoding by multimodal neural data with DNN would show high classification performance in visual object categorization (faces or non-face objects) and sub-categorization within faces and objects. Visualization of the fMRI DNN was more sensitive than that in the univariate approach and revealed that visual categorization occurred in brain-wide regions. Interestingly, the EEG DNN valued the earlier phase of neural responses for categorization and the later phase of neural responses for sub-categorization. Combination of the two DNNs improved the classification performance for both categorization and sub-categorization compared with fMRI DNN or EEG DNN alone. These deep learning-based results demonstrate a categorization principle in which visual objects are represented in a spatially organized and coarse-to-fine manner, and provide strong evidence of the ability of multimodal deep learning to uncover spatiotemporal neural machinery in sensory processing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Weiss2023,

title = {Stronger functional connectivity during reading contextually predictable words in slow readers},

author = {Kim Lara Weiss and Stefan Hawelka and Florian Hutzler and Sarah Schuster},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-33231-x},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–10},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {The effect of word predictability is well-documented in terms of local brain activation, but less is known about the functional connectivity among those regions associated with processing predictable words. Evidence from eye movement studies showed that the effect is much more pronounced in slow than in fast readers, suggesting that speed-impaired readers rely more on sentence context to compensate for their difficulties with visual word recognition. The present study aimed to investigate differences in functional connectivity of fast and slow readers within core regions associated with processing predictable words. We hypothesize a stronger synchronization between higher-order language areas, such as the left middle temporal (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the left occipito-temporal cortex (OTC) in slow readers. Our results show that slow readers exhibit more functional correlations among these connections; especially between the left IFG and OTC. We interpret our results in terms of the lexical quality hypothesis which postulates a stronger involvement of semantics on orthographic processing in (speed-)impaired readers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wever2023,

title = {Looking into troubled waters: Childhood emotional maltreatment modulates neural responses to prolonged gazing into one's own, but not others' eyes},

author = {Mirjam C. M. Wever and Lisanne A. E. M. Houtum and Loes H. C. Janssen and Wilma G. M. Wentholt and Iris M. Spruit and Marieke S. Tollenaar and Geert Jan Will and Bernet M. Elzinga},

doi = {10.3758/s13415-023-01135-y},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience},

volume = {23},

number = {6},

pages = {1598–1609},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {One of the most prevalent nonverbal, social phenomena known to automatically elicit self- and other-referential processes is eye contact. By its negative effects on the perception of social safety and views about the self and others, childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) may fundamentally affect these processes. To investigate whether the socioaffective consequences of CEM may become visible in response to (prolonged) eye gaze, 79 adult participants (mean [M]age = 49.87, standard deviation [SD]age = 4.62) viewed videos with direct and averted gaze of an unfamiliar other and themselves while we recorded self-reported mood, eye movements using eye-tracking, and markers of neural activity using fMRI. Participants who reported higher levels of CEM exhibited increased activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex to one's own, but not to others', direct gaze. Furthermore, in contrast to those who reported fewer of such experiences, they did not report a better mood in response to a direct gaze of self and others, despite equivalent amounts of time spent looking into their own and other peoples' eyes. The fact that CEM is associated with enhanced neural activation in a brain area that is crucially involved in self-referential processing (i.e., vmPFC) in response to one's own direct gaze is in line with the chronic negative impact of CEM on a person's self-views. Interventions that directly focus on targeting maladaptive self-views elicited during eye gaze to self may be clinically useful.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{White2023,

title = {Engaging in word recognition elicits highly specific modulations in visual cortex},

author = {Alex L. White and Kendrick N. Kay and Kenny A. Tang and Jason D. Yeatman},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.042},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {33},

number = {7},

pages = {1308–1320},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {A person's cognitive state determines how their brain responds to visual stimuli. The most common such effect is a response enhancement when stimuli are task relevant and attended rather than ignored. In this fMRI study, we report a surprising twist on such attention effects in the visual word form area (VWFA), a region that plays a key role in reading. We presented participants with strings of letters and visually similar shapes, which were either relevant for a specific task (lexical decision or gap localization) or ignored (during a fixation dot color task). In the VWFA, the enhancement of responses to attended stimuli occurred only for letter strings, whereas non-letter shapes evoked smaller responses when attended than when ignored. The enhancement of VWFA activity was accompanied by strengthened functional connectivity with higher-level language regions. These task-dependent modulations of response magnitude and functional connectivity were specific to the VWFA and absent in the rest of visual cortex. We suggest that language regions send targeted excitatory feedback into the VWFA only when the observer is trying to read. This feedback enables the discrimination of familiar and nonsense words and is distinct from generic effects of visual attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yao2023a,

title = {High-dimensional topographic organization of visual features in the primate temporal lobe},

author = {Mengna Yao and Bincheng Wen and Mingpo Yang and Jiebin Guo and Haozhou Jiang and Chao Feng and Yilei Cao and Huiguang He and Le Chang},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41584-0},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {1–23},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The inferotemporal cortex supports our supreme object recognition ability. Numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the functional organization of this brain area, but there are still important questions that remain unanswered, including how this organization differs between humans and non-human primates. Here, we use deep neural networks trained on object categorization to construct a 25-dimensional space of visual features, and systematically measure the spatial organization of feature preference in both male monkey brains and human brains using fMRI. These feature maps allow us to predict the selectivity of a previously unknown region in monkey brains, which is corroborated by additional fMRI and electrophysiology experiments. These maps also enable quantitative analyses of the topographic organization of the temporal lobe, demonstrating the existence of a pair of orthogonal gradients that differ in spatial scale and revealing significant differences in the functional organization of high-level visual areas between monkey and human brains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhou2023b,

title = {Fixation-related fMRI analysis reveals the neural basis of natural reading of unspaced and spaced Chinese sentences},

author = {Wei Zhou and Sile Wang and Ming Yan},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad290},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {33},

number = {19},

pages = {10401–10410},

abstract = {Although there are many eye-movement studies focusing on natural sentence reading and functional magnetic resonance imaging research on reading with serial visual presentation paradigms, there is a scarcity of investigations into the neural mechanism of natural sentence reading. The present study recruited 33 adults to read unspaced and spaced Chinese sentences with the eye tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging data recorded simultaneously. By using fixation-related functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, this study showed that natural reading of Chinese sentences produced activations in ventral visual, dorsal attention, and semantic brain regions, which were modulated by the properties of words such as word length and word frequency. The multivoxel pattern analysis showed that the activity pattern in the left middle temporal gyrus could significantly predict the visual layout categories (i.e. unspaced vs. spaced conditions). Dynamic causal modeling analysis showed that there were bidirectional brain connections between the left middle temporal gyrus and the left inferior occipital cortex in the unspaced Chinese sentence reading but not in the spaced reading. These results provide a neural mechanism for the natural reading of Chinese sentences from the perspective of word segmentation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Coleman2023,

title = {Beyond the beta rebound: Post-task responses in oscillatory activity follow cessation of working memory processes},

author = {Sebastian C. Coleman and Zelekha A. Seedat and Anna C. Whittaker and Agatha Lenartowicz and Karen J. Mullinger},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119801},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {265},

pages = {1–11},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Post-task responses (PTRs) are transitionary responses occurring for several seconds between the end of a stimulus/task and a period of rest. The most well-studied of these are beta band (13 – 30 Hz) PTRs in motor networks following movement, often called post-movement beta rebounds, which have been shown to differ in patients with schizophrenia and autism. Previous studies have proposed that beta PTRs reflect inhibition of task-positive networks to enable a return to resting brain activity, scaling with cognitive demand and reflecting cortical self-regulation. It is unknown whether PTRs are a phenomenon of the motor system, or whether they are a more general self-modulatory property of cortex that occur following cessation of higher cognitive processes as well as movement. To test this, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses in 20 healthy participants to a working-memory task, known to recruit cortical networks associated with higher cognition. Our results revealed PTRs in the theta, alpha and beta bands across many regions of the brain, including the dorsal attention network (DAN) and lateral visual regions. These PTRs increased significantly (p < 0.05) in magnitude with working-memory load, an effect which is independent of oscillatory modulations occurring over the task period as well as those following individual stimuli. Furthermore, we showed that PTRs are functionally related to reaction times in left lateral visual (p < 0.05) and left parietal (p < 0.1) regions, while the oscillatory responses measured during the task period are not. Importantly, motor PTRs following button presses did not modulate with task condition, suggesting that PTRs in different networks are driven by different aspects of cognition. Our findings show that PTRs are not limited to motor networks but are widespread in regions which are recruited during the task. We provide evidence that PTRs have unique properties, scaling with cognitive load and correlating significantly with behaviour. Based on the evidence, we suggest that PTRs inhibit task-positive network activity to enable a transition to rest, however, further investigation is required to uncover their role in neuroscience and pathology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Convertino2023,

title = {Reduced grid-like theta modulation in schizophrenia},

author = {Laura Convertino and Daniel Bush and Fanfan Zheng and Rick A. Adams and Neil Burgess},

doi = {10.1093/brain/awac416},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Brain},

volume = {146},

number = {5},

pages = {2191–2198},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {The hippocampal formation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, with patients showing impairments in spatial and relational cognition, structural changes in entorhinal cortex and reduced theta coherence with medial prefrontal cortex. Both the entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex exhibit a 6-fold (or ‘hexadirectional') modulation of neural activity during virtual navigation that is indicative of grid cell populations and associated with accurate spatial navigation. Here, we examined whether these grid-like patterns are disrupted in schizophrenia. We asked 17 participants with diagnoses of schizophrenia and 23 controls (matched for age, sex and IQ) to perform a virtual reality spatial navigation task during magnetoencephalography. The control group showed stronger 4–10 Hz theta power during movement onset, as well as hexadirectional modulation of theta band oscillatory activity in the right entorhinal cortex whose directional stability across trials correlated with navigational accuracy. This hexadirectional modulation was absent in schizophrenia patients, with a significant difference between groups. These results suggest that impairments in spatial and relational cognition associated with schizophrenia may arise from disrupted grid firing patterns in entorhinal cortex.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Corriveau2023,

title = {Sustained neural representations of personally familiar people and places during cued recall},

author = {Anna Corriveau and Alexis Kidder and Lina Teichmann and Susan G. Wardle and Chris I. Baker},

doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.014},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cortex},

volume = {158},

pages = {71–82},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The recall and visualization of people and places from memory is an everyday occurrence, yet the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are not well understood. In particular, the temporal characteristics of the internal representations generated by active recall are unclear. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and multivariate pattern analysis to measure the evolving neural representation of familiar places and people across the whole brain when human participants engage in active recall. To isolate self- generated imagined representations, we used a retro-cue paradigm in which participants were first presented with two possible labels before being cued to recall either the first or second item. We collected personalized labels for specific locations and people familiar to each participant. Importantly, no visual stimuli were presented during the recall period, and the retro-cue paradigm allowed the dissociation of responses associated with the la- bels from those corresponding to the self-generated representations. First, we found that following the retro-cue it took on average ~1000 ms for distinct neural representations of freely recalled people or places to develop. Second, we found distinct representations of personally familiar concepts throughout the 4 s recall period. Finally, we found that these representations were highly stable and generalizable across time. These results suggest that self-generated visualizations and recall of familiar places and people are subserved by a stable neural mechanism that operates relatively slowly when under conscious control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vries2023,

title = {Predictive neural representations of naturalistic dynamic input},

author = {Ingmar E. J. Vries and Moritz F. Wurm},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-39355-y},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Adaptive behavior such as social interaction requires our brain to predict unfolding external dynamics. While theories assume such dynamic prediction, empirical evidence is limited to static snapshots and indirect consequences of predictions. We present a dynamic extension to representational similarity analysis that uses temporally variable models to capture neural representations of unfolding events. We applied this approach to source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data of healthy human subjects and demonstrate both lagged and predictive neural representations of observed actions. Predictive representations exhibit a hierarchical pattern, such that high-level abstract stimulus features are predicted earlier in time, while low-level visual features are predicted closer in time to the actual sensory input. By quantifying the temporal forecast window of the brain, this approach allows investigating predictive processing of our dynamic world. It can be applied to other naturalistic stimuli (e.g., film, soundscapes, music, motor planning/execution, social interaction) and any biosignal with high temporal resolution.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fabius2023,

title = {Bilateral increase in MEG planar gradients prior to saccade onset},

author = {Jasper H. Fabius and Alessio Fracasso and Michele Deodato and David Melcher and Stefan Van der Stigchel},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-32980-z},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–10},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Every time we move our eyes, the retinal locations of objects change. To distinguish the changes caused by eye movements from actual external motion of the objects, the visual system is thought to anticipate the consequences of eye movements (saccades). Single neuron recordings have indeed demonstrated changes in receptive fields before saccade onset. Although some EEG studies with human participants have also demonstrated a pre-saccadic increased potential over the hemisphere that will process a stimulus after a saccade, results have been mixed. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate the timing and lateralization of visually evoked planar gradients before saccade onset. We modelled the gradients from trials with both a saccade and a stimulus as the linear combination of the gradients from two conditions with either only a saccade or only a stimulus. We reasoned that any residual gradients in the condition with both a saccade and a stimulus must be uniquely linked to visually-evoked neural activity before a saccade. We observed a widespread increase in residual planar gradients. Interestingly, this increase was bilateral, showing activity both contralateral and ipsilateral to the stimulus, i.e. over the hemisphere that would process the stimulus after saccade offset. This pattern of results is consistent with predictive pre-saccadic changes involving both the current and the future receptive fields involved in processing an attended object, well before the start of the eye movement. The active, sensorimotor coupling of vision and the oculomotor system may underlie the seamless subjective experience of stable and continuous perception.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ferrante2023,

title = {Statistical learning of distractor suppression downregulates prestimulus neural excitability in early visual cortex},

author = {Oscar Ferrante and Alexander Zhigalov and Clayton Hickey and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1703-22.2022},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {12},

pages = {2190–2198},

abstract = {Visual attention is highly influenced by past experiences. Recent behavioral research has shown that expectations about the spatial location of distractors within a search array are implicitly learned, with expected distractors becoming less interfering. Little is known about the neural mechanism supporting this form of statistical learning. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure human brain activity to test whether proactive mechanisms are involved in the statistical learning of distractor locations. Specifically, we used a new technique called rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) to assess neural excitability in early visual cortex during statistical learning of distractor suppression while concurrently investigating the modulation of posterior alpha band activity (8–12 Hz). Male and female human participants performed a visual search task in which a target was occasionally presented alongside a color-singleton distractor. Unbeknown to the participants, the distracting stimuli were presented with different probabilities across the two hemifields. RIFT analysis showed that early visual cortex exhibited reduced neural excitability in the prestimulus interval at retinotopic locations associated with higher distractor probabilities. In contrast, we did not find any evidence of expectation-driven distractor suppression in alpha band activity. These findings indicate that proactive mechanisms of attention are involved in predictive distractor suppression and that these mechanisms are associated with altered neural excitability in early visual cortex. Moreover, our findings indicate that RIFT and alpha band activity might subtend different and possibly independent attentional mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hebart2023,

title = {THINGS-data, a multimodal collection of large-scale datasets for investigating object representations in human brain and behavior},

author = {M. N. Hebart and O. Contier and L. Teichmann and A. H. Rockter and C. Y. Zheng and A. Kidder and A. Corriveau and M. Vaziri-Pashkam and C. I. Baker},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.82580},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {12},

pages = {1–37},

abstract = {Understanding object representations requires a broad, comprehensive sampling of the objects in our visual world with dense measurements of brain activity and behavior. Here we present THINGS-data, a multimodal collection of large-scale neuroimaging and behavioral datasets in humans, comprising densely-sampled functional MRI and magnetoencephalographic recordings, as well as 4.70 million similarity judgments in response to thousands of photographic images for up to 1,854 object concepts. THINGS-data is unique in its breadth of richly-annotated objects, allowing for testing countless hypotheses at scale while assessing the reproducibility of previous findings. Beyond the unique insights promised by each individual dataset, the multimodality of THINGS-data allows combining datasets for a much broader view into object processing than previously possible. Our analyses demonstrate the high quality of the datasets and provide five examples of hypothesis-driven and data-driven applications. THINGS-data constitutes the core public release of the THINGS initiative (https://things-initiative.org) for bridging the gap between disciplines and the advancement of cognitive neuroscience.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Iwane2023,

title = {Combined low-frequency brain oscillatory activity and behavior predict future errors in human motor skill},

author = {Fumiaki Iwane and Debadatta Dash and Roberto F. Salamanca-Giron and William Hayward and Marlene Bönstrup and Ethan R. Buch and Leonardo G. Cohen},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.040},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {33},

number = {15},

pages = {3145–3154},

abstract = {Human skills are composed of sequences of individual actions performed with utmost precision. When occasional errors occur, they may have serious consequences, for example, when pilots are manually landing a plane. In such cases, the ability to predict an error before it occurs would clearly be advantageous. Here, we asked whether it is possible to predict future errors in a keyboard procedural human motor skill. We report that prolonged keypress transition times (KTTs), reflecting slower speed, and anomalous delta-band oscillatory activity in cingulate-entorhinal-precuneus brain regions precede upcoming errors in skill. Combined anomalous low-frequency activity and prolonged KTTs predicted up to 70% of future errors. Decoding strength (posterior probability of error) increased progressively approaching the errors. We conclude that it is possible to predict future individual errors in skill sequential performance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karunathilake2023,

title = {Effects of aging on cortical representations of continuous speech},

author = {I. M. Dushyanthi Karunathilake and Jason L. Dunlap and Janani Perera and Alessandro Presacco and Lien Decruy and Samira Anderson and Stefanie E. Kuchinsky and Jonathan Z. Simon},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00356.2022},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},

volume = {129},

number = {6},

pages = {1359–1377},

abstract = {Understanding speech in a noisy environment is crucial in day-to-day interactions and yet becomes more challenging with age, even for healthy aging. Age-related changes in the neural mechanisms that enable speech-in-noise listening have been investigated previously; however, the extent to which age affects the timing and fidelity of encoding of target and interfering speech streams is not well understood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated how continuous speech is represented in auditory cortex in the presence of interfering speech in younger and older adults. Cortical representations were obtained from neural responses that time-locked to the speech envelopes with speech envelope reconstruction and temporal response functions (TRFs). TRFs showed three prominent peaks corresponding to auditory cortical processing stages: early (∼50 ms), middle (∼100 ms), and late (∼200 ms). Older adults showed exaggerated speech envelope representations compared with younger adults. Temporal analysis revealed both that the age-related exaggeration starts as early as ∼50 ms and that older adults needed a substantially longer integration time window to achieve their better reconstruction of the speech envelope. As expected, with increased speech masking envelope reconstruction for the attended talker decreased and all three TRF peaks were delayed, with aging contributing additionally to the reduction. Interestingly, for older adults the late peak was delayed, suggesting that this late peak may receive contributions from multiple sources. Together these results suggest that there are several mechanisms at play compensating for age-related temporal processing deficits at several stages but which are not able to fully reestablish unimpaired speech perception.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Minarik2023,

title = {Optimal parameters for rapid (invisible) frequency tagging using MEG},

author = {Tamas Minarik and Barbara Berger and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120389},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {281},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Frequency tagging has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for identifying representational-specific neuronal activity in the auditory and visual domains. However, the slow flicker (<30 Hz) applied in conventional frequency tagging studies is highly visible and might entrain endogenous neuronal oscillations. Hence, stimulation at faster frequencies that is much less visible and does not interfere with endogenous brain oscillatory activity is a promising new tool. In this study, we set out to examine the optimal stimulation parameters of rapid frequency tagging (RFT/RIFT) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) by quantifying the effects of stimulation frequency, size and position of the flickering patch. Rapid frequency tagging using flickers above 50 Hz results in almost invisible stimulation which does not interfere with slower endogenous oscillations; however, the signal is weaker as compared to tagging at slower frequencies so certainty over the optimal parameters of stimulation delivery are crucial. The here presented results examining the frequency range between 60 Hz and 96 Hz suggest that RFT induces brain responses with decreasing strength up to about 84 Hz. In addition, even at the smallest flicker patch (2°) focally presented RFT induces a significant and measurable oscillatory brain signal (steady state visual evoked potential/field, SSVEP/F) at the stimulation frequency (66 Hz); however, the elicited response increases with patch size. While focal RFT presentation elicits the strongest response, off-centre presentations do generally mainly elicit a measureable response if presented below the horizontal midline. Importantly, the results also revealed considerable individual differences in the neuronal responses to RFT stimulation. Finally, we discuss the comparison of oscillatory measures (coherence and power) and sensor types (planar gradiometers and magnetometers) in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Based on our extensive findings we set forward concrete recommendations for using rapid frequency tagging in human cognitive neuroscience investigations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pan2023b,

title = {Saccades are locked to the phase of alpha oscillations during natural reading},

author = {Yali Pan and Tzvetan Popov and Steven Frisson and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3001968},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Biology},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1–19},

abstract = {AU We:saccade Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly 3 to 5 times per second when reading. However,:little is known about the neuronal mechanisms coordinating the oculomotor and visual system during such rapid processing. Here, we ask if brain oscillations play a role in the temporal coordination of the visuomotor integration. We simultaneously acquired MEG and eye-tracking data while participants read sentences silently. Every sentence was embedded with a target word of either high or low lexical frequency. Our key finding demonstrated that saccade onsets were locked to the phase of alpha oscillations (8 to 13 Hz), and in particular, for saccades towards low frequency words. Source modelling demonstrated that the alpha oscillations to which the saccades were locked, were generated in the right-visual motor cortex (BA 7). Our findings suggest that the alpha oscillations serve to time the processing between the oculomotor and visual systems during natural reading, and that this coordination becomes more pronounced for demanding words.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Popov2023,

title = {Cortico-ocular coupling in the service of episodic memory formation},

author = {Tzvetan Popov and Tobias Staudigl},

doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102476},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},

volume = {227},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Encoding of visual information is a necessary requirement for most types of episodic memories. In search for a neural signature of memory formation, amplitude modulation of neural activity has been repeatedly shown to correlate with and suggested to be functionally involved in successful memory encoding. We here report a complementary view on why and how brain activity relates to memory, indicating a functional role of cortico-ocular interactions for episodic memory formation. Recording simultaneous magnetoencephalography and eye tracking in 35 human participants, we demonstrate that gaze variability and amplitude modulations of alpha/beta oscillations (10–20 Hz) in visual cortex covary and predict subsequent memory performance between and within participants. Amplitude variation during pre-stimulus baseline was associated with gaze direction variability, echoing the co-variation observed during scene encoding. We conclude that encoding of visual information engages unison coupling between oculomotor and visual areas in the service of memory formation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rehbein2023,

title = {Non-invasive stimulation reveals ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in reward prediction and reward processing},

author = {Maimu Alissa Rehbein and Thomas Kroker and Constantin Winker and Lena Ziehfreund and Anna Reschke and Jens Bölte and Miroslaw Wyczesany and Kati Roesmann and Ida Wessing and Markus Junghöfer},

doi = {10.3389/fnins.2023.1219029},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {17},

pages = {1–22},

abstract = {Introduction: Studies suggest an involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward prediction and processing, with reward-based learning relying on neural activity in response to unpredicted rewards or non-rewards (reward prediction error, RPE). Here, we investigated the causal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction, processing, and RPE signaling by transiently modulating vmPFC excitability using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Methods: Participants received excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC before completing a gambling task, in which cues signaled varying reward probabilities and symbols provided feedback on monetary gain or loss. We collected self-reported and evaluative data on reward prediction and processing. In addition, cue-locked and feedback-locked neural activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupil diameter using eye-tracking were recorded. Results: Regarding reward prediction (cue-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased prefrontal activation preceding loss predictions, increased pupil dilations, and tentatively more optimistic reward predictions. Regarding reward processing (feedback-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased pleasantness, increased vmPFC activation, especially for unpredicted gains (i.e., gain RPEs), decreased perseveration in choice behavior after negative feedback, and increased pupil dilations. Discussion: Our results support the pivotal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction and processing. Furthermore, they suggest that transient vmPFC excitation via tDCS induces a positive bias into the reward system that leads to enhanced anticipation and appraisal of positive outcomes and improves reward-based learning, as indicated by greater behavioral flexibility after losses and unpredicted outcomes, which can be seen as an improved reaction to the received feedback.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sandhaeger2023,

title = {Abstract perceptual choice signals during action-linked decisions in the human brain},

author = {Florian Sandhaeger and Nina Omejc and Anna Antonia Pape and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002324},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PLoS Biology},

volume = {21},

number = {10},

pages = {1–27},

abstract = {Humans can make abstract choices independent of motor actions. However, in laboratory tasks, choices are typically reported with an associated action. Consequentially, knowledge about the neural representation of abstract choices is sparse, and choices are often thought to evolve as motor intentions. Here, we show that in the human brain, perceptual choices are represented in an abstract, motor-independent manner, even when they are directly linked to an action. We measured MEG signals while participants made choices with known or unknown motor response mapping. Using multivariate decoding, we quantified stimulus, perceptual choice, and motor response information with distinct cortical distributions. Choice representations were invariant to whether the response mapping was known during stimulus presentation, and they occupied a distinct representational space from motor signals. As expected from an internal decision variable, they were informed by the stimuli, and their strength predicted decision confidence and accuracy. Our results demonstrate abstract neural choice signals that generalize to action-linked decisions, suggesting a general role of an abstract choice stage in human decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Szul2023,

title = {Diverse beta burst waveform motifs characterize movement-related cortical dynamics},

author = {Maciej J. Szul and Sotirios Papadopoulos and Sanaz Alavizadeh and Sébastien Daligaut and Denis Schwartz and Jérémie Mattout and James J. Bonaiuto},

doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102490},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},

volume = {228},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {Classical analyses of induced, frequency-specific neural activity typically average band-limited power over trials. More recently, it has become widely appreciated that in individual trials, beta band activity occurs as transient bursts rather than amplitude-modulated oscillations. Most studies of beta bursts treat them as unitary, and having a stereotyped waveform. However, we show there is a wide diversity of burst shapes. Using a biophysical model of burst generation, we demonstrate that waveform variability is predicted by variability in the synaptic drives that generate beta bursts. We then use a novel, adaptive burst detection algorithm to identify bursts from human MEG sensor data recorded during a joystick-based reaching task, and apply principal component analysis to burst waveforms to define a set of dimensions, or motifs, that best explain waveform variance. Finally, we show that bursts with a particular range of waveform motifs, ones not fully accounted for by the biophysical model, differentially contribute to movement-related beta dynamics. Sensorimotor beta bursts are therefore not homogeneous events and likely reflect distinct computational processes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voigtlaender2023,

title = {Neural representations of the content and production of human vocalization},

author = {Vera A. Voigtlaender and Florian Sandhaeger and David J. Hawellek and Steffen R. Hage and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1073/pnas},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},

volume = {120},

number = {23},

pages = {1–9},

abstract = {Speech, as the spoken form of language, is fundamental for human communication. The phenomenon of covert inner speech implies functional independence of speech content and motor production. However, it remains unclear how a flexible mapping between speech content and production is achieved on the neural level. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography in humans performing a rule-based vocalization task. On each trial, vocalization content (one of two vowels) and production form (overt or covert) were instructed independently. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found robust neural information about vocalization content and produc- tion, mostly originating from speech areas of the left hemisphere. Production signals dynamically transformed upon presentation of the content cue, whereas content signals remained largely stable throughout the trial. In sum, our results show dissociable neural representations of vocalization content and production in the human brain and provide insights into the neural dynamics underlying human vocalization.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wienke2023,

title = {Phasic, event-related transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modifies behavioral, pupillary, and low-frequency oscillatory power responses},

author = {Christian Wienke and Marcus Grueschow and Aiden Haghikia and Tino Zaehle},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0452-23.2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {43},

number = {36},

pages = {6306–6319},

abstract = {Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been proposed to activate the locus ceruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. However, previous studies failed to find consistent modulatory effects of taVNS on LC-NA biomarkers. Previous studies suggest that phasic taVNS may be capable of modulating LC-NA biomarkers such as pupil dilation and alpha oscillations. However, it is unclear whether these effects extend beyond pure sensory vagal nerve responses. Critically, the potential of the pupillary light reflex as an additional taVNS biomarker has not been explored so far. Here, we applied phasic active and sham taVNS in 29 subjects (16 female, 13 male) while they performed an emotional Stroop task (EST) and a passive pupil light reflex task (PLRT). We recorded pupil size and brain activity dynamics using a combined Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupillometry design. Our results show that phasic taVNS significantly increased pupil dilation and performance during the EST. During the PLRT, active taVNS reduced and delayed pupil constriction. In the MEG, taVNS increased frontal-midline theta and alpha power during the EST, whereas occipital alpha power was reduced during both the EST and PLRT. Our findings provide evidence that phasic taVNS systematically modulates behavioral, pupillary, and electrophysiological parameters of LC-NA activity during cognitive processing. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the pupillary light reflex can be used as a simple and effective proxy of taVNS efficacy. These findings have important implications for the development of noninvasive neuromodulation interventions for various cognitive and clinical applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhigalov2023,

title = {Perceptual echoes as travelling waves may arise from two discrete neuronal sources},

author = {Alexander Zhigalov and Ole Jensen},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120047},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {272},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that travelling waves are functionally relevant for cognitive operations in the brain. Several electroencephalography (EEG) studies report on a perceptual alpha-echo, representing the brain response to a random visual flicker, propagating as a travelling wave across the cortical surface. In this study, we ask if the propagating activity of the alpha-echo is best explained by a set of discrete sources mixing at the sensor level rather than a cortical travelling wave. To this end, we presented participants with gratings modulated by random noise and simultaneously acquired the ongoing MEG. The perceptual alpha-echo was estimated using the temporal response function linking the visual input to the brain response. At the group level, we observed a spatial decay of the amplitude of the alpha-echo with respect to the sensor where the alpha-echo was the largest. Importantly, the propagation latencies consistently increased with the distance. Interestingly, the propagation of the alpha-echoes was predominantly centro-lateral, while EEG studies reported mainly posterior-frontal propagation. Moreover, the propagation speed of the alpha-echoes derived from the MEG data was around 10 m/s, which is higher compared to the 2 m/s reported in EEG studies. Using source modelling, we found an early component in the primary visual cortex and a phase-lagged late component in the parietal cortex, which may underlie the travelling alpha-echoes at the sensor level. We then simulated the alpha-echoes using realistic EEG and MEG forward models by placing two sources in the parietal and occipital cortices in accordance with our empirical findings. The two-source model could account for both the direction and speed of the observed alpha-echoes in the EEG and MEG data. Our results demonstrate that the propagation of the perceptual echoes observed in EEG and MEG data can be explained by two sources mixing at the scalp level equally well as by a cortical travelling wave. Importantly, these findings should not be directly extrapolated to intracortical recordings, where travelling waves gradually propagate at a sub-millimetre scale.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhou2023d,

title = {Alpha oscillations protect working memory against distracters in a modality-specific way},

author = {Ying Joey Zhou and Aarti Ramchandran and Saskia Haegens},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120290},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {278},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Alpha oscillations are thought to be involved in suppressing distracting input in working-memory tasks. Yet, the spatial-temporal dynamics of such suppression remain unclear. Key questions are whether such suppression reflects a domain-general inattentiveness mechanism, or occurs in a stimulus- or modality-specific manner within cortical areas most responsive to the distracters; and whether the suppression is proactive (i.e., preparatory) or reactive. Here, we addressed these questions using a working-memory task where participants had to memorize an array of visually presented digits and reproduce one of them upon being probed. We manipulated the presence of distracters and the sensory modality in which distracters were presented during memory maintenance. Our results show that sensory areas most responsive to visual and auditory distracters exhibited stronger alpha power increase after visual and auditory distracter presentation respectively. These results suggest that alpha oscillations underlie distracter suppression in a reactive, modality-specific manner.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mouga2022,

title = {Parahippocampal deactivation and hyperactivation of central executive, saliency and social cognition networks in autism spectrum disorder},

author = {Susana Mouga and Isabel Catarina Duarte and Cátia Café and Daniela Sousa and Frederico Duque and Guiomar Oliveira and Miguel Castelo-Branco},

doi = {10.1186/s11689-022-09417-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd},

abstract = {Background: The concomitant role of the Central Executive, the Saliency and the Social Cognition networks in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in demanding ecological tasks remains unanswered. We addressed this question using a novel task-based fMRI virtual-reality task mimicking a challenging daily-life chore that may present some difficulties to individuals with ASD: the EcoSupermarketX. Methods: Participants included 29 adolescents: 15 with ASD and 15 with typical neurodevelopment (TD). They performed the EcoSupermarketX (a shopping simulation with three goal-oriented sub-tasks including “no cue”, “non-social” or “social” cues), during neuroimaging and eye-tracking. Results: ASD differed from TD only in total time and distance to complete the “social cue” sub-task with matched eye-tracking measures. Neuroimaging revealed simultaneous hyperactivation across social, executive, and saliency circuits in ASD. In contrast, ASD showed reduced activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, involved in scene recognition. Conclusions: When performing a virtual shopping task matching the performance of controls, ASD adolescents hyperactivate three core networks: executive, saliency and social cognition. Parahippocampal hypoactivation is consistent with effortless eidetic scene processing, in line with the notion of peaks and valleys of neural recruitment in individuals with ASD. These hyperactivation/hypoactivation patterns in daily life tasks provide a circuit-level signature of neural diversity in ASD, a possible intervention target.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sharp2022,

title = {Spatial attention tunes temporal processing in early visual cortex by speeding and slowing alpha oscillations},

author = {Poppy Sharp and Tjerk Gutteling and David Melcher and Clayton Hickey},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0509-22.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {41},

pages = {7824–7832},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {The perception of dynamic visual stimuli relies on two apparently conflicting perceptual mechanisms: rapid visual input must sometimes be integrated into unitary percepts but at other times must be segregated or parsed into separate objects or events. Though they have opposite effects on our perceptual experience, the deployment of spatial attention benefits both operations. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impact of spatial attention on temporal perception. Here, we record magnetoencephalography (MEG) in male and female humans to demonstrate that the deployment of spatial attention for the purpose of segregating or integrating visual stimuli impacts prestimulus oscillatory activity in retinotopic visual brain areas where the attended location is represented. Alpha band oscillations contralateral to an attended location are therefore faster than ipsilateral oscillations when stimuli appearing at this location will need to be segregated, but slower in expectation of the need for integration, consistent with the idea that a frequency is linked to perceptual sampling rate. These results demonstrate a novel interaction between temporal visual processing and the allocation of attention in space.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wynn2022,

title = {Neural correlates of subsequent memory-related gaze reinstatement},

author = {Jordana S. Wynn and Zhong-Xu Liu and Jennifer D. Ryan},

doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01761},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {9},

pages = {1547–1562},

publisher = {MIT Press Journals},

abstract = {Mounting evidence linking gaze reinstatement—the recapitulation of encoding-related gaze patterns during retrieval—to behavioral measures of memory suggests that eye movements play an important role in mnemonic processing. Yet, the nature of the gaze scanpath, including its informational content and neural correlates, has remained in question. In this study, we examined eye movement and neural data from a recognition memory task to further elucidate the behavioral and neural bases of functional gaze reinstatement. Consistent with previous work, gaze reinstatement during retrieval of freely viewed scene images was greater than chance and predictive of recognition memory performance. Gaze reinstatement was also associated with viewing of informationally salient image regions at encoding, suggesting that scanpaths may encode and contain high-level scene content. At the brain level, gaze reinstatement was predicted by encoding-related activity in the occipital pole and BG, neural regions associated with visual processing and oculomotor control. Finally, cross-voxel brain pattern similarity analysis revealed overlapping subsequent memory and subsequent gaze reinstatement modulation effects in the parahippocampal place area and hippocampus, in addition to the occipital pole and BG. Together, these findings suggest that encoding-related activity in brain regions associated with scene processing, oculomotor control, and memory supports the formation, and subsequent recapitulation, of functional scanpaths. More broadly, these findings lend support to Scanpath Theory's assertion that eye movements both encode, and are themselves embedded in, mnemonic representations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helmchen2022a,

title = {NPTX1-related oculomotor apraxia: An intra-hemispheric disconnection disorder},

author = {Christoph Helmchen and Philipp J. Koch and Gabriel Girard and Norbert Brüggemann and Björn Machner and Andreas Sprenger},

doi = {10.1007/s00415-022-11057-3},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurology},

volume = {269},

number = {7},

pages = {3931–3936},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Oculomotor apraxia (OMA) is a rare and heavily disabling neurological disorder causing severe difficulties in the initia- tion and maintenance of voluntary eye movements when the head is stationary. If patients try to initiate saccades, they are grossly delayed and hypometric (stair-case). .. The aim of this study was to test competing pathophysiological hypotheses by functional and structural MRI, stating that OMA is related to either abnormal (i) inter-hemispheric or (ii) intra-hemispheric connectivity between the FEF and related oculomotor structures (oculomotor network) or (iii) both mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Radetz2022,

title = {Spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation},

author = {Angela Radetz and Markus Siegel},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1801-21.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {18},

pages = {3836–3846},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation, which has profound effects on neuronal processing, cognition, and behavior. However, little is known about the cortical control and effects of pupil-linked neuromodulation. Here, we show that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled to temporally, spectrally, and spatially specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical population activity in the human brain. We quantified the dynamics of band-limited cortical population activity in resting human subjects using magnetoencephalography and investigated how neural dynamics were linked to simultaneously recorded pupil dynamics. Our results show that pupil-linked neuromodulation does not merely affect cortical population activity in a stereotypical fashion. Instead, we identified three frontal, precentral, and occipitoparietal networks, in which local population activity with distinct spectral profiles in the theta, beta, and alpha bands temporally preceded and followed changes in pupil size. Furthermore, we found that amplitude coupling at;16 Hz in a large-scale frontoparietal network predicted pupil dynamics. Our results unravel network-specific spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation in the human brain that likely reflect both the causes and effects of neuromodulation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Allen2022,

title = {A massive 7T fMRI dataset to bridge cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence},

author = {Emily J. Allen and Ghislain St-Yves and Yihan Wu and Jesse L. Breedlove and Jacob S. Prince and Logan T. Dowdle and Matthias Nau and Brad Caron and Franco Pestilli and Ian Charest and J. Benjamin Hutchinson and Thomas Naselaris and Kendrick Kay},

doi = {10.1038/s41593-021-00962-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Neuroscience},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {116–126},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Extensive sampling of neural activity during rich cognitive phenomena is critical for robust understanding of brain function. Here we present the Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD), in which high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to tens of thousands of richly annotated natural scenes were measured while participants performed a continuous recognition task. To optimize data quality, we developed and applied novel estimation and denoising techniques. Simple visual inspections of the NSD data reveal clear representational transformations along the ventral visual pathway. Further exemplifying the inferential power of the dataset, we used NSD to build and train deep neural network models that predict brain activity more accurately than state-of-the-art models from computer vision. NSD also includes substantial resting-state and diffusion data, enabling network neuroscience perspectives to constrain and enhance models of perception and memory. Given its unprecedented scale, quality and breadth, NSD opens new avenues of inquiry in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beffara2022,

title = {Dynamic causal interactions between occipital and parietal cortex explain how endogenous spatial attention and stimulus-driven salience jointly shape the distribution of processing priorities in 2D visual space},

author = {Bertrand Beffara and Fadila Hadj-Bouziane and Suliann Ben Hamed and C. Nico Boehler and Leonardo Chelazzi and Elisa Santandrea and Emiliano Macaluso},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119206},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {255},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Visuo-spatial attention prioritizes the processing of relevant inputs via different types of signals, including current goals and stimulus salience. Complex mixtures of these signals engage in everyday life situations, but little is known about how these signals jointly modulate distributed patterns of activity across the occipital regions that represent visual space. Here, we measured spatio-topic, quadrant-specific occipital activity during the processing of visual displays containing both task-relevant targets and salient color-singletons. We computed spatial bias vectors indexing the effect of attention in 2D space, as coded by distributed activity in the occipital cortex. We found that goal-directed spatial attention biased activity towards the target and that salience further modulated this endogenous effect: salient distractors decreased the spatial bias, while salient targets increased it. Analyses of effective connectivity revealed that the processing of salient distractors relied on the modulation of the bidirectional connectivity between the occipital and the posterior parietal cortex, as well as the modulation of the lateral interactions within the occipital cortex. These findings demonstrate that goal-directed attention and salience jointly contribute to shaping processing priorities in the occipital cortex and highlight that multiple functional paths determine how spatial information about these signals is distributed across occipital regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bjornn2022,

title = {The contributions of eye gaze fixations and target-lure similarity to behavioral and fMRI indices of pattern separation and pattern completion},

author = {Daniel K. Bjornn and Julie Van and C. Brock Kirwan},

doi = {10.1080/17588928.2022.2060200},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive Neuroscience},

volume = {13},

number = {3-4},

pages = {171–181},

publisher = {Routledge},

abstract = {Pattern separation and pattern completion are generally studied in humans using mnemonic discrimination tasks such as the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) where participants identify similar lures and repeated items from a series of images. Failures to correctly discriminate lures are thought to reflect a failure of pattern separation and a propensity toward pattern completion. Recent research has challenged this perspective, suggesting that poor encoding rather than pattern completion accounts for the occurrence of false alarm responses to similar lures. In two experiments, participants completed a continuous recognition task version of the MST while eye movement (Experiments 1 and 2) and fMRI data (Experiment 2) were collected. In Experiment 1, we replicated the result that fixation counts at study predicted accuracy on lure trials (consistent with poor encoding predicting mnemonic discrimination performance), but this effect was not observed in our fMRI task. In both experiments, we found that target-lure similarity was a strong predictor of accuracy on lure trials. Further, we found that fMRI activation changes in the hippocampus were significantly correlated with the number of fixations at study for correct but not incorrect mnemonic discrimination judgments when controlling for target-lure similarity. Our findings indicate that while eye movements during encoding predict subsequent hippocampal activation changes for correct mnemonic discriminations, the predictive power of eye movements for activation changes for incorrect mnemonic discrimination trials was modest at best.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Burlingham2022a,

title = {Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance},

author = {Charlie S. Burlingham and Minyoung Ryoo and Zvi N. Roth and Saghar Mirbagheri and David J. Heeger and Elisha P. Merriam},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.73018},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {11},

pages = {1–24},

abstract = {Early visual cortex exhibits widespread hemodynamic responses in the absence of visual stimulation, which are entrained to the timing of a task and not predicted by local spiking or local field potential. Such task-related responses (TRRs) covary with reward magnitude and physiological signatures of arousal. It is unknown, however, if TRRs change on a trial-to-trial basis according to behavioral performance and task difficulty. If so, this would suggest that TRRs reflect arousal on a trial-to-trial timescale and covary with critical task and behavioral variables. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD) responses in the early visual cortex of human observers performing an orientation discrimination task consisting of separate easy and hard runs of trials. Stimuli were presented in a small portion of one hemifield, but the fMRI response was measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere, far from the stimulus representation and focus of spatial attention. TRRs scaled in amplitude with task difficulty, behavioral accuracy, reaction time, and lapses across trials. These modulations were not explained by the influence of respiration, cardiac activity, or head movement on the fMRI signal. Similar modulations with task difficulty and behavior were observed in pupil size. These results suggest that TRRs reflect arousal and behavior on the timescale of individual trials.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Byrge2022,

title = {Video-evoked fMRI BOLD responses are highly consistent across different data acquisition sites},

author = {Lisa Byrge and Dorit Kliemann and Ye He and Hu Cheng and Julian Michael Tyszka and Ralph Adolphs and Daniel P. Kennedy},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.25830},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {43},

number = {9},

pages = {2972–2991},

abstract = {Naturalistic imaging paradigms, in which participants view complex videos in the scanner, are increasingly used in human cognitive neuroscience. Videos evoke temporally synchronized brain responses that are similar across subjects as well as within subjects, but the reproducibility of these brain responses across different data acquisition sites has not yet been quantified. Here, we characterize the consistency of brain responses across independent samples of participants viewing the same videos in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners at different sites (Indiana University and Caltech). We compared brain responses collected at these different sites for two carefully matched datasets with identical scanner models, acquisition, and preprocessing details, along with a third unmatched dataset in which these details varied. Our overall conclusion is that for matched and unmatched datasets alike, video-evoked brain responses have high consistency across these different sites, both when compared across groups and across pairs of individuals. As one might expect, differences between sites were larger for unmatched datasets than matched datasets. Residual differences between datasets could in part reflect participant-level variability rather than scanner- or data- related effects. Altogether our results indicate promise for the development and, critically, generalization of video fMRI studies of individual differences in healthy and clinical populations alike.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cho2022a,

title = {Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals},

author = {Youngsun T. Cho and Flora Moujaes and Charles H. Schleifer and Martina Starc and Jie Lisa Ji and Nicole Santamauro and Brendan Adkinson and Antonija Kolobaric and Morgan Flynn and John H. Krystal and John D. Murray and Grega Repovs and Alan Anticevic},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {254},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Integrating motivational signals with cognition is critical for goal-directed activities. The mechanisms that link neural changes with motivated working memory continue to be understood. Here, we tested how externally cued and non-cued (internally represented) reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects using fMRI. We translated the classic delayed-response spatial working memory paradigm from non-human primate studies to take advantage of a continuous numeric measure of working memory precision, and the wealth of translational neuroscience yielded by these studies. Our results demonstrated that both cued and non-cued reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision. Visual association regions of the posterior prefrontal and parietal cortices, specifically the precentral sulcus (PCS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), had increased BOLD signal during incentivized spatial working memory. A subset of these regions had trial-by-trial increases in BOLD signal that were associated with better working memory precision, suggesting that these regions may be critical for linking neural signals with motivated working memory. In contrast, regions straddling executive networks, including areas in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior parietal cortex and cerebellum displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory. While reward and loss similarly impacted working memory processes, they dissociated during feedback when money won or avoided in loss was given based on working memory performance. During feedback, the trial-by-trial amount and valence of reward/loss received was dissociated amongst regions such as the ventral striatum, habenula and periaqueductal gray. Overall, this work suggests motivated spatial working memory is supported by complex sensory processes, and that the IPS and PCS in the posterior frontoparietal cortices may be key regions for integrating motivational signals with spatial working memory precision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clairis2022,

title = {Value, confidence, deliberation: A functional partition of the medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated across rating and choice tasks},

author = {Nicolas Clairis and Mathias Pessiglione},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1795-21.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {28},

pages = {1–41},

abstract = {Deciding about courses of action involves minimizing costs and maximizing benefits. Decision neuroscience studies have implicated both the ventral and dorsal medial PFC (vmPFC and dmPFC) in signaling goal value and action cost, but the precise functional role of these regions is still a matter of debate. Here, we suggest a more general functional partition that applies not only to decisions but also to judgments about goal value (expected reward) and action cost (expected effort). In this conceptual framework, cognitive representations related to options (reward value and effort cost) are dissociated from metacognitive representations (confidence and deliberation) related to solving the task (providing a judgment or making a choice). We used an original approach aimed at identifying consistencies across several preference tasks, from likeability ratings to binary decisions involving both attribute integration and option comparison. fMRI results in human male and female participants confirmed the vmPFC as a generic valuation system, its activity increasing with reward value and decreasing with effort cost. In contrast, more dorsal regions were not concerned with the valuation of options but with metacognitive variables, confidence being reflected in mPFC activity and deliberation time in dmPFC activity. Thus, there was a dissociation between the effort attached to choice options (represented in the vmPFC) and the effort invested in deliberation (represented in the dmPFC), the latter being expressed in pupil dilation. More generally, assessing commonalities across preference tasks might help in reaching a unified view of the neural mechanisms underlying the cost/benefit tradeoffs that drive human behavior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cui2022a,

title = {Fixation-related fMRI analysis reveals the neural basis of parafoveal processing in self-paced reading of Chinese words},

author = {Xiaohui Cui and Fabio Richlan and Wei Zhou},

doi = {10.1007/s00429-022-02552-4},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Structure and Function},

volume = {227},

number = {8},

pages = {2609–2621},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

abstract = {While parafoveal word processing plays an important role in natural reading, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the neural basis of parafoveal processing during Chinese word reading with the co-registration of eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using fixation-related fMRI analysis. In the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, preview conditions (words that are identical, orthographically similar, and unrelated to target words), pre-target word frequency and target word frequency were manipulated. When fixating the pre-target word, the identical preview condition elicited lower brain activation in the left fusiform gyrus relative to unrelated and orthographically similar preview conditions and there were significant interactions of preview condition and pre-target word frequency on brain activation of the left middle frontal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and supplementary motor area. When fixating the target word, there was a significant main effect of preview condition on brain activation of the right fusiform gyrus and a significant interaction of preview condition and pre-target word frequency on brain activation of the left middle frontal gyrus. These results suggest that fixation-related brain activation provides immediate measures and new perspectives to understand the mechanism of parafoveal processing in self-paced reading.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fabius2022,

title = {Topographic organization of eye-position dependent gain fields in human visual cortex},

author = {Jasper H. Fabius and Katarina Moravkova and Alessio Fracasso},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-35488-8},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–16},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The ability to move has introduced animals with the problem of sensory ambiguity: the position of an external stimulus could change over time because the stimulus moved, or because the animal moved its receptors. This ambiguity can be resolved with a change in neural response gain as a function of receptor orientation. Here, we developed an encoding model to capture gain modulation of visual responses in high field (7 T) fMRI data. We characterized population eye-position dependent gain fields (pEGF). The information contained in the pEGFs allowed us to reconstruct eye positions over time across the visual hierarchy. We discovered a systematic distribution of pEGF centers: pEGF centers shift from contra- to ipsilateral following pRF eccentricity. Such a topographical organization suggests that signals beyond pure retinotopy are accessible early in the visual hierarchy, providing the potential to solve sensory ambiguity and optimize sensory processing information for functionally relevant behavior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farahani2022,

title = {Diurnal variations of resting-state fMRI data: A graph-based analysis},

author = {Farzad V. Farahani and Waldemar Karwowski and Mark D'Esposito and Richard F. Betzel and Pamela K. Douglas and Anna Maria Sobczak and Bartosz Bohaterewicz and Tadeusz Marek and Magdalena Fafrowicz},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119246},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {256},

pages = {1–25},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Circadian rhythms (lasting approximately 24 h) control and entrain various physiological processes, ranging from neural activity and hormone secretion to sleep cycles and eating habits. Several studies have shown that time of day (TOD) is associated with human cognition and brain functions. In this study, utilizing a chronotype-based paradigm, we applied a graph theory approach on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data to compare whole-brain functional network topology between morning and evening sessions and between morning-type (MT) and evening-type (ET) participants. Sixty-two individuals (31 MT and 31 ET) underwent two fMRI sessions, approximately 1 hour (morning) and 10 h (evening) after their wake-up time, according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. In the global analysis, the findings revealed the effect of TOD on functional connectivity (FC) patterns, including increased small-worldness, assortativity, and synchronization across the day. However, we identified no significant differences based on chronotype categories. The study of the modular structure of the brain at mesoscale showed that functional networks tended to be more integrated with one another in the evening session than in the morning session. Local/regional changes were affected by both factors (i.e., TOD and chronotype), mostly in areas associated with somatomotor, attention, frontoparietal, and default networks. Furthermore, connectivity and hub analyses revealed that the somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual networks covered the most highly connected areas in the morning and evening sessions: the latter two were more active in the morning sessions, and the first was identified as being more active in the evening. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis to determine whether global and nodal measures were associated with subjective assessments across participants. Collectively, these findings contribute to an increased understanding of diurnal fluctuations in resting brain activity and highlight the role of TOD in future studies on brain function and the design of fMRI experiments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farahbakhsh2022,

title = {A demonstration of cone function plasticity after gene therapy in achromatopsia},

author = {Mahtab Farahbakhsh and Elaine J. Anderson and Roni O. Maimon-Mor and Andy Rider and John A. Greenwood and Nashila Hirji and Serena Zaman and Pete R. Jones and D. Samuel Schwarzkopf and Geraint Rees and Michel Michaelides and Tessa M. Dekker},

doi = {10.1093/brain/awac226},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain},

volume = {145},

pages = {3803–3815},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Recent advances in regenerative therapy have placed the treatment of previously incurable eye diseases within arms' reach. Achromatopsia is a severe monogenic heritable retinal disease that disrupts cone function from birth, leaving patients with complete colour blindness, low acuity, photosensitivity and nystagmus. While successful gene-replacement therapy in non-primate models of achromatopsia has raised widespread hopes for clinical treatment, it was yet to be determined if and how these therapies can induce new cone function in the human brain. Using a novel multimodal approach, we demonstrate for the first time that gene therapy can successfully activate dormant cone-mediated pathways in children with achromatopsia (CNGA3- and CNGB3-associated, 10–15 years). To test this, we combined functional MRI population receptive field mapping and psychophysics with stimuli that selectively measure cone photoreceptor signalling. We measured cortical and visual cone function before and after gene therapy in four paediatric patients, evaluating treatment-related change against benchmark data from untreated patients (n = 9) and normal-sighted participants (n = 28). After treatment, two of the four children displayed strong evidence for novel cone-mediated signals in visual cortex, with a retinotopic pattern that was not present in untreated achromatopsia and which is highly unlikely to emerge by chance. Importantly, this change was paired with a significant improvement in psychophysical measures of cone-mediated visual function. These improvements were specific to the treated eye, and provide strong evidence for successful read-out and use of new cone-mediated information. These data show for the first time that gene replacement therapy in achromatopsia within the plastic period of development can awaken dormant cone-signalling pathways after years of deprivation. This reveals unprecedented neural plasticity in the developing human nervous system and offers great promise for emerging regenerative therapies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fietz2022,

title = {Pupillometry tracks cognitive load and salience network activity in a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task},

author = {Julia Fietz and Dorothee Pöhlchen and Florian P. Binder and Michael Czisch and Philipp G. Sämann and Victor I. Spoormaker},

doi = {10.1002/hbm.25678},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Human Brain Mapping},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {665–680},

abstract = {The diameter of the human pupil tracks working memory processing and is associated with activity in the frontoparietal network. At the same time, recent neuroimaging research has linked human pupil fluctuations to activity in the salience network. In this combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)/pupillometry study, we recorded the pupil size of healthy human participants while they performed a blockwise organized working memory task (N-back) inside an MRI scanner in order to monitor the pupil fluctuations associated neural activity during working memory processing. We first confirmed that mean pupil size closely followed working memory load. Combining this with fMRI data, we focused on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) correlates of mean pupil size modeled onto the task blocks as a parametric modulation. Interrogating this modulated task regressor, we were able to retrieve the frontoparietal network. Next, to fully exploit the within-block dynamics, we divided the blocks into 1 s time bins and filled these with corresponding pupil change values (first-order derivative of pupil size). We found that pupil change within N-back blocks was positively correlated with BOLD amplitudes in the areas of the salience network (namely bilateral insula, and anterior cingulate cortex). Taken together, fMRI with simultaneous measurement of pupil parameters constitutes a valuable tool to dissect working memory subprocesses related to both working memory load and salience of the presented stimuli.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Foster2022,

title = {Feature-based attention multiplicatively scales the fMRI-BOLD contrast-response function},

author = {Joshua J. Foster and Sam Ling},

doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0513-22.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {42},

number = {36},

pages = {6894–6906},

abstract = {fMRI plays a key role in the study of attention. However, there remains a puzzling discrepancy between attention effects measured with fMRI and with electrophysiological methods. While electrophysiological studies find that attention increases sensory gain, amplifying stimulus-evoked neural responses by multiplicatively scaling the contrast-response function (CRF), fMRI appears to be insensitive to these multiplicative effects. Instead, fMRI studies typically find that attention produces an additive baseline shift in the BOLD signal. These findings suggest that attentional effects measured with fMRI reflect top-down inputs to visual cortex, rather than the modulation of sensory gain. If true, this drastically limits what fMRI can tell us about how attention improves sensory coding. Here, we examined whether fMRI is sensitive to multiplicative effects of attention using a feature-based attention paradigm designed to preclude any possible additive effects. We measured BOLD activity evoked by a probe stimulus in one visual hemifield while participants (6 male, 6 female) attended to the probe orientation (attended condition), or to an orthogonal orientation (unattended condition), in the other hemifield. To measure CRFs in visual areas V1-V3, we parametrically varied the contrast of the probe stimulus. In all three areas, feature-based attention increased contrast gain, improving sensitivity by shifting CRFs toward lower contrasts. In V2 and V3, we also found an increase in response gain, an increase in the responsivity of the CRF, that was greatest at inner eccentricities. These results provide clear evidence that the fMRI-BOLD signal is sensitive to multiplicative effects of attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Froesel2022,

title = {Socially meaningful visual context either enhances or inhibits vocalisation processing in the macaque brain},

author = {Mathilda Froesel and Maëva Gacoin and Simon Clavagnier and Marc Hauser and Quentin Goudard and Suliann Ben Hamed},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-32512-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. Nonhuman primates send and receive auditory and visual communicative signals. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the association of visual and auditory information based on their common social meaning are unknown. Using heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that in the lateral and superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey, neural responses are enhanced in response to species-specific vocalisations paired with a matching visual context, or when vocalisations follow, in time, visual information, but inhibited when vocalisation are incongruent with the visual context. For example, responses to affiliative vocalisations are enhanced when paired with affiliative contexts but inhibited when paired with aggressive or escape contexts. Overall, we propose that the identified neural network represents social meaning irrespective of sensory modality.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garin2022,

title = {An evolutionary gap in primate default mode network organization},

author = {Clément M. Garin and Yuki Hori and Stefan Everling and Christopher T. Whitlow and Finnegan J. Calabro and Beatriz Luna and Mathilda Froesel and Maëva Gacoin and Suliann Ben Hamed and Marc Dhenain and Christos Constantinidis},

doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110669},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cell Reports},

volume = {39},

number = {2},

pages = {1–17},

abstract = {The human default mode network (DMN) is engaged at rest and in cognitive states such as self-directed thoughts. Interconnected homologous cortical areas in primates constitute a network considered as the equivalent. Here, based on a cross-species comparison of the DMN between humans and non-hominoid primates (macaques, marmosets, and mouse lemurs), we report major dissimilarities in connectivity profiles. Most importantly, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of non-hominoid primates is poorly engaged with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), though strong correlated activity between the human PCC and the mPFC is a key feature of the human DMN. Instead, a fronto-temporal resting-state network involving the mPFC was detected consistently across non-hominoid primate species. These common functional features shared between non-hominoid primates but not with humans suggest a substantial gap in the organization of the primate's DMN and its associated cognitive functions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Geurts2022,

title = {Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex},

author = {Laura S. Geurts and James R. H. Cooke and Ruben S. Bergen and Janneke F. M. Jehee},

doi = {10.1038/s41562-021-01247-w},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},

volume = {6},

pages = {294–305},

abstract = {What gives rise to the human sense of confidence? Here we tested the Bayesian hypothesis that confidence is based on a probability distribution represented in neural population activity. We implemented several computational models of confidence and tested their predictions using psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a generative model-based decoding technique, we extracted probability distributions from neural population activity in human visual cortex. We found that subjective confidence tracks the shape of the decoded distribution. That is, when sensory evidence was more precise, as indicated by the decoded distribution, observers reported higher levels of confidence. We furthermore found that neural activity in the insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex was linked to both the shape of the decoded distribution and reported confidence, in ways consistent with the Bayesian model. Altogether, our findings support recent statistical theories of confidence and suggest that probabilistic information guides the computation of one's sense of confidence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giacometti2022,

title = {Frontal cortical functional connectivity is impacted by anaesthesia in macaques},

author = {Camille Giacometti and Audrey Dureux and Delphine Autran-Clavagnier and Charles R. E. Wilson and Jérôme Sallet and Manon Dirheimer and Emmanuel Procyk and Fadila Hadj-Bouziane and Céline Amiez},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab465},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {4050–4067},

abstract = {A critical aspect of neuroscience is to establish whether and how brain networks evolved across primates. To date, most comparative studies have used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in anaesthetized nonhuman primates and in awake humans. However, anaesthesia strongly affects rs-fMRI signals. The present study investigated the impact of the awareness state (anaesthesia vs. awake) within the same group of macaque monkeys on the rs-fMRI functional connectivity organization of a well-characterized network in the human brain, the cingulo-frontal lateral network. Results in awake macaques show that rostral seeds in the cingulate sulcus exhibited stronger correlation strength with rostral compared to caudal lateral frontal cortical areas, while more caudal seeds displayed stronger correlation strength with caudal compared to anterior lateral frontal cortical areas. Critically, this inverse rostro-caudal functional gradient was abolished under anaesthesia. This study demonstrated a similar functional connectivity (FC) organization of the cingulo-frontal cortical network in awake macaque to that previously uncovered in the human brain pointing toward a preserved FC organization from macaque to human. However, it can only be observed in awake state suggesting that this network is sensitive to anaesthesia and warranting significant caution when comparing FC patterns across species under different states.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gong2022,

title = {Preparatory attention to visual features primarily relies on non-sensory representation},

author = {Mengyuan Gong and Yilin Chen and Taosheng Liu},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-26104-2},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Prior knowledge of behaviorally relevant information promotes preparatory attention before the appearance of stimuli. A key question is how our brain represents the attended information during preparation. A sensory template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals evoke neural activity patterns that resembled the perception of the attended stimuli, whereas a non-sensory, abstract template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals reflect the abstraction of attended stimuli. To test these hypotheses, we used fMRI and multivariate analysis to characterize neural activity patterns when human participants were prepared to attend a feature and then select it from a compound stimulus. In an fMRI experiment using basic visual feature (motion direction), we observed reliable decoding of the to-be-attended feature from the preparatory activity in both visual and frontoparietal areas. However, while the neural patterns constructed by a single feature from a baseline task generalized to the activity patterns during stimulus selection, they could not generalize to the activity patterns during preparation. Our findings thus suggest that neural signals during attentional preparation are predominantly non-sensory in nature that may reflect an abstraction of the attended feature. Such a representation could provide efficient and stable guidance of attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gordon2022,

title = {Individualized functional subnetworks connect human striatum and frontal cortex},

author = {Evan M. Gordon and Timothy O. Laumann and Scott Marek and Dillan J. Newbold and Jacqueline M. Hampton and Nicole A. Seider and David F. Montez and Ashley M. Nielsen and Andrew N. Van and Annie Zheng and Ryland Miller and Joshua S. Siegel and Benjamin P. Kay and Abraham Z. Snyder and Deanna J. Greene and Bradley L. Schlaggar and Steven E. Petersen and Steven M. Nelson and Nico U. F. Dosenbach},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab387},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

number = {13},

pages = {2868–2884},

abstract = {The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex—predominately frontal cortex—to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grueschow2022,

title = {Functional coupling of the locus coeruleus is linked to successful cognitive control},

author = {Marcus Grueschow and Birgit Kleim and Christian Carl Ruff},

doi = {10.3390/brainsci12030305},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Sciences},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {1–15},

abstract = {The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem structure that sends widespread efferent projections throughout the mammalian brain. The LC constitutes the major source of noradrenaline (NE), a modulatory neurotransmitter that is crucial for fundamental brain functions such as arousal, attention, and cognitive control. This role of the LC-NE is traditionally not believed to reflect functional influences on the frontoparietal network or the striatum, but recent advances in chemogenetic manipulations of the rodent brain have challenged this notion. However, demonstrations of LCNE functional connectivity with these areas in the human brain are surprisingly sparse. Here, we close this gap. Using an established emotional stroop task, we directly compared trials requiring response conflict control with trials that did not require this, but were matched for visual stimulus properties, response modality, and controlled for pupil dilation differences across both trial types. We found that LC-NE functional coupling with the parietal cortex and regions of the striatum is substantially enhanced during trials requiring response conflict control. Crucially, the strength of this functional coupling was directly related to individual reaction time differences incurred by conflict resolution. Our data concur with recent rodent findings and highlight the importance of converging evidence between human and nonhuman neurophysiology to further understand the neural systems supporting adaptive and maladaptive behavior in health and disease.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{He2022a,

title = {Evidence suggesting common mechanisms underlie contralateral and ipsilateral negative BOLD responses in the human visual cortex},

author = {Hengda He and Nabil Ettehadi and Amir Shmuel and Qolamreza R. Razlighi},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119440},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

volume = {262},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The task-evoked positive BOLD response (PBR) to a unilateral visual hemi-field stimulation is often accompanied by robust and sustained contralateral as well as ipsilateral negative BOLD responses (NBRs) in the visual cortex. The signal characteristics and the neural and/or vascular mechanisms that underlie these two types of NBRs are not completely understood. In this paper, we investigated the properties of these two types of NBRs. We first demonstrated the linearity of both NBRs with respect to stimulus duration. Next, we showed that the hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) of the two NBRs were similar to each other, but significantly different from that of the PBR. Moreover, the subject-wise expressions of the two NBRs were tightly coupled to the degree that the correlation between the two NBRs was significantly higher than the correlation between each NBR and the PBR. However, the activation patterns of the two NBRs did not show a high level of interhemispheric spatial similarity, and the functional connectivity between them was not different than the interhemispheric functional connectivity between the NBRs and PBR. Finally, while attention did modulate both NBRs, the attention-related changes in their HRFs were similar. Our findings suggest that the two NBRs might be generated through common neural and/or vascular mechanisms involving distal/deep brain regions that project to the two hemispheres.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hur2022,

title = {Anxiety-related frontocortical activity is associated with dampened stressor reactivity in the real world},

author = {Juyoen Hur and Manuel Kuhn and Shannon E. Grogans and Allegra S. Anderson and Samiha Islam and Hyung Cho Kim and Rachael M. Tillman and Andrew S. Fox and Jason F. Smith and Kathryn A. DeYoung and Alexander J. Shackman},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Psychological Science},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {906–924},

abstract = {Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes to a variety of adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness to divorce and premature death. Mechanistic work in animals and neuroimaging research in humans and monkeys have begun to reveal the broad contours of the neural circuits governing negative affect, but the relevance of these discoveries to everyday distress remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a combination of approaches—including neuroimaging assays of threat anticipation and emotional-face perception and more than 10,000 momentary assessments of emotional experience—to demonstrate that individuals who showed greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting laboratory paradigm experienced lower levels of stressor-dependent distress in their daily lives (ns = 202–208 university students). Extended amygdala activation was not significantly related to momentary negative affect. These observations provide a framework for understanding the neurobiology of negative affect in the laboratory and in the real world.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jamoulle2022,

title = {Posterior intraparietal sulcus mediates detection of salient stimuli outside the endogenous focus of attention},

author = {Tarik Jamoulle and Qian Ran and Karen Meersmans and Jolien Schaeverbeke and Patrick Dupont and Rik Vandenberghe},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab299},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cerebral Cortex},

volume = {32},

pages = {1455–1469},

abstract = {Visual consciousness is shaped by the interplay between endogenous selection and exogenous capture. If stimulus saliency is aligned with a subject's attentional priorities, endogenous selection will be facilitated. In case of a misalignment, endogenous selection may be compromised as attentional capture is a strong and automatic process. We manipulated task-congruent versus -incongruent saliency in a functional magnetic resonance imaging change-detection task and analyzed brain activity patterns in the cortex surrounding the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) within the Julich-Brain probabilistic cytoarchitectonic mapping reference frame. We predicted that exogenous effects would be seen mainly in the posterior regions of the IPS (hIP4-hIP7-hIP8), whereas a conflict between endogenous and exogenous orienting would elicit activity from more anterior cytoarchitectonic areas (hIP1-hIP2-hIP3). Contrary to our hypothesis, a conflict between endogenous and exogenous orienting had an effect early in the IPS (mainly in hIP7 and hIP8). This is strong evidence for an endogenous component in hIP7/8 responses to salient stimuli beyond effects of attentional bottom-up sweep. Our results suggest that hIP7 and hIP8 are implicated in the individuation of attended locations based on saliency as well as endogenous instructions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Janik2022,

title = {Neural spatio-temporal patterns of information processing related to cognitive conflict and correct or false recognitions},

author = {Romuald A. Janik and Igor T. Podolak and Łukasz Struski and Anna Ceglarek and Koryna Lewandowska and Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz and Tadeusz Marek and Magdalena Fafrowicz},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-09141-9},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1–19},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},

abstract = {Using a visual short-term memory task and employing a new methodological approach, we analyzed neural responses from the perspective of the conflict level and correctness/erroneous over a longer time window. Sixty-five participants performed the short-term memory task in the fMRI scanner. We explore neural spatio-temporal patterns of information processing in the context of correct or erroneous response and high or low level of cognitive conflict using classical fMRI analysis, surface-based cortical data, temporal analysis of interpolated mean activations, and machine learning classifiers. Our results provide evidence that information processing dynamics during the retrieval process vary depending on the correct or false recognition—for stimuli inducing a high level of cognitive conflict and erroneous response, information processing is prolonged. The observed phenomenon may be interpreted as the manifestation of the brain's preparation for future goal-directed action.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jin2022,

title = {Structural and functional MRI evidence for significant contribution of precentral gyrus to flexible oculomotor control: Evidence from the antisaccade task},

author = {Zhenlan Jin and Dong-gang Jin and Min Xiao and Aolin Ding and Jing Tian and Junjun Zhang and Ling Li},

doi = {10.1007/s00429-022-02557-z},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Structure and Function},

volume = {227},

number = {8},

pages = {2623–2632},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

abstract = {Antisaccade task requires inhibition of a prepotent prosaccade to a peripheral target and initiation of a saccade to the opposite location, and, therefore, is used as a tool to investigate behavioral adjustment. The frontal and parietal cortices are both known for their activation during saccade generation, but it is unclear whether their neuroanatomical characteristics also contribute to antisaccades. Here, we took antisaccade cost (antisaccade latency minus prosaccade latency) as an index for additional time for generating antisaccades. Fifty-eight participants conducted pro and antisaccade tasks outside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and their structural MRI (sMRI) data were also collected to explore brain regions neuroanatomically related to antisaccade cost. Then, twelve participants performed saccade tasks in the scanner and their task-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected to verify the activation of structurally identified brain regions during the saccade generation. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results revealed that gray matter volume (GMV) of the left precentral gyrus and the left insula were positively correlated with the antisaccade cost, which was validated by the prediction analysis. Brain activation results showed the activation of the precentral during both pro and antisaccade execution period, but not the insula. Our results suggest that precentral gyrus and insula play vital roles to antisaccade cost, but possibly in different ways. The insula, a key node of the salience network, possibly regulates the saliency processing of the target, while the precentral gyrus possibly mediates the generation of saccades. Our study especially highlights an outstanding role of the precentral gyrus in flexible oculomotor control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kirchner2022a,

title = {Real-time MRI reveals unique insight into the full eye kinematics of eye movements},

author = {Johannes Kirchner and Tamara Watson and Markus Lappe},

doi = {10.1523/eneuro.0357-21.2021},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eNeuro},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {1–14},

publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},

abstract = {Our eyes are constantly in motion and the various kinds of eye movements are closely linked to many aspects of human cognitive processing. Measuring all possible eye movements unobtrusively is not achievable with current methods. Video-based eye-trackers only measure rotational but not translational motion of the eye, re- quire a calibration process relying on the participant's self-report of accurate fixation, and do not work if vision of the eyeball is blocked. Scleral search coils attach physical weight on the eyeball and also do not measure translation. Here, we describe a novel and fully automated method to use real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for eye tracking. We achieved a temporal resolution sufficient to measure eye rotations and transla- tions as short as those that occur within a blink and behind a closed eyelid. To demonstrate this method, we measured the full extent of the blink-related eye movement for two individuals, suggesting that the eye approaches a holding position during lid closure and can move by as much as 35° in rotation and 2 mm in translation. We also investigated the coordination of gaze shifts with blinks. We found that the gaze shift is tightly coupled in time to the translational blink movement and that blinks can induce significant temporal shifts of the gaze trajectory between left and right eye. Our MR-based Eye Tracking (MREyeTrack) method allows measurement of eye movements in terms of both translation and rotation and enables new opportunities for study- ing ocular motility and its disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kronemer2022,

title = {Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity},

author = {Sharif I. Kronemer and Mark Aksen and Julia Z. Ding and Jun Hwan Ryu and Qilong Xin and Zhaoxiong Ding and Jacob S. Prince and Hunki Kwon and Aya Khalaf and Sarit Forman and David S. Jin and Kevin Wang and Kaylie Chen and Claire Hu and Akshar Agarwal and Erik Saberski and Syed Mohammad Adil Wafa and Owen P. Morgan and Jia Wu and Kate L. Christison-Lagay and Nicholas Hasulak and Martha Morrell and Alexandra Urban and R. Todd Constable and Michael Pitts and R. Mark Richardson and Michael J. Crowley and Hal Blumenfeld},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-35117-4},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {The full neural circuits of conscious perception remain unknown. Using a visual perception task, we directly recorded a subcortical thalamic awareness potential (TAP). We also developed a unique paradigm to classify perceived versus not perceived stimuli using eye measurements to remove confounding signals related to reporting on conscious experiences. Using fMRI, we discovered three major brain networks driving conscious visual perception independent of report: first, increases in signal detection regions in visual, fusiform cortex, and frontal eye fields; and in arousal/salience networks involving midbrain, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula; second, increases in frontoparietal attention and executive control networks and in the cerebellum; finally, decreases in the default mode network. These results were largely maintained after excluding eye movement-based fMRI changes. Our findings provide evidence that the neurophysiology of consciousness is complex even without overt report, involving multiple cortical and subcortical networks overlapping in space and time.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuroda2022,

title = {Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for emergence of norms and socially shared realities via dynamic interaction},

author = {Kiri Kuroda and Yukiko Ogura and Akitoshi Ogawa and Tomoya Tamei and Kazushi Ikeda and Tatsuya Kameda},

doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-04329-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Springer US},

abstract = {In the digital era, new socially shared realities and norms emerge rapidly, whether they are beneficial or harmful to our societies. Although these are emerging properties from dynamic interaction, most research has centered on static situations where isolated individuals face extant norms. We investigated how perceptual norms emerge endogenously as shared realities through interaction, using behavioral and fMRI experiments coupled with computational modeling. Social interactions fostered convergence of perceptual responses among people, not only overtly but also at the covert psychophysical level that generates overt responses. Reciprocity played a critical role in increasing the stability (reliability) of the psychophysical function within each individual, modulated by neural activity in the mentalizing network during interaction. These results imply that bilateral influence promotes mutual cognitive anchoring of individual views, producing shared generative models at the collective level that enable endogenous agreement on totally new targets–one of the key functions of social norms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}